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First Aid > Sympatholytics > Flashcards

Sympatholytics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the SYMPATHOLYTICS?

A

These are the
a2 agonists
a1 blockers
B blockers

These drugs cancel the sympathetic effect

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2
Q

What are the a2 agonists?

A

Clonidine

a-Methyldopa

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3
Q

Clonidine
Uses
SE

A

Uses:
Hypertensive Urgency, DOES NOT DECREASE RENAL FLOW
ADHD
severe pain, ethanol and opioid withdrawal

SE
CNS depression
Bradycardia
HypOTN
Respiratory depression
Small Pupil Size
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4
Q

a-Methyldopa
Uses
SE

A

Uses
HTN in preggos

SE: Direct Coombs, hemolytic anemia, SLE syndrome

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5
Q

What are the nonselective a blockers?

A

Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)

Phentolamine (reversible)

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6
Q

Phenoxybenzamine
Uses
SE

A

Uses
Pre-op for pheochromocytoma to prevent catecholamine crisis

SE
Orthostatic hypOtn, reflex tachy so use B blocker AFTER giving phenoxybenzamine

Irreversible a blocker

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7
Q

Phentolamine
Uses
SE

A

Give to a pt who is on an MAO who ate a tyramine containing food

Reversible a blocker

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8
Q

Phentolamine
Uses
SE

A

Give to a pt who is on an MAO who ate a tyramine containing food

Reversible a blocker

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9
Q

What are the a1 selective blockers?

Uses
SEs

A

They end in osin

Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin

Urinary symptoms of BPH
PTSD (prazosin)
HTN (except Tamulosin)

SEs:
Orthostatic HypOtn with first dose, dizziness, HA

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10
Q

What is the only selective a2 blocker?

A

Mirtazapine

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11
Q

What is the only selective a2 blocker?

A

Mirtazapine

Used for Depression

Causes sedation
Increases serum cholesterol
Increase appetite

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12
Q

What is the only selective a2 blocker?

A

Mirtazapine

Used for Depression

Causes sedation
Increases serum cholesterol
Increase appetite

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13
Q

How do B Blockers relieve angina?

A

Decrease HR and contractility–>less O2 consumption

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14
Q

How do BB blockers work for MIs?

Which ones should be used?

A 
Decrease mortality
Use MCB
Metoprolol
Carvedilol (a1 blockade as well)
Bisoprolol
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15
Q

How do BBs help SVT

Which ones to use?

A

Decrease AV conduction velocity
Class II anti arrhythmic

ME
Metoprolol
Esmolol

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16
Q

How do BBs help in HTN

A

Decrease CO

Decrease Renin Secretion (B1 block on JGA cells) no reflex tachy from depressed renin bc B is blocked at B1 in heart

17
Q

How do BBs help in CHF

A

Slow progression of chronic failure

18
Q

How do BBs help with glaucoma?

A

Decrease production of aqueous humor from ciliary epithelium

19
Q

Which BB causes sedation and can be used for phobias?
How?

DDIs?

A

Propranolol
Sedative effect is via a decrease of NE on B1 receptors in brain

DDIs:
EtOH, antihistamines

20
Q

Uses of BB?

A 
Impotence
Brady, AV Block, CHF
CNS effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations)
Dyslipidemia (metoprolol)
Asthmatics & COPDers (exacerbation)

Avoid in cocaine users to avoid unopposed a1 vasoconstriction

21
Q

What are the selective B1 blockers?

A

Selective B1 antagonists from A to M. Since no B2 these are safer for asthmatics

Acebutolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol

22
Q

What are the non-selective B blockers?

A

B1=B2

Nadolol
Pindolol (partial agonist)
Propranolol
Timolol

23
Q

What are the nonselective a1 & B blockers?

A

Carvedilol and Labetalol

24
Q

What is Nebivolol and what does it inhibit?

A

Combines B1 blocking in heart with B3 stimulation in vasculature (leads to increased NO synthase production–>vasodilation)

25
Q

What is the significance of Pindolol?

A

Only B blocker that can vasodilate and bronchodilate

Partial agonist

26
Q

What are the vasospastic disorders that are exacerbated by B blockers?

A

Raynauds & Printzmetal

blocking B2 so no vasodilation

27
Q

Why are B blockers bad for diabetics?

A

During fasting, need Epi to act on B2 receptors to initiate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. A BB will prevent this so they get hypoglycemia and won’t even know it…

28
Q

What are two BB that don’t cause hyperlipidemia?

A

Partial agonists
Acebutolol
Pindolol

First Aid (33 decks)

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