Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
What are the 1st generation H1 Blockers
MOA
SEs
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Chlorpheniramine
Reversibly inhibit H1 receptors
Use for Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
SEs:
Sedation (can X BBB), Antimuscarinic, anti a-adernergic
remember antihistamines are one of the drugs that have antimuscarinic activity.
What are the others ones?
What are the 2nd generation H1 blockers?
MOA
Uses
SEs:
Loratidine
Fexofenadine
DesLoratidine
Cetirizine
Block H1
Use for allergies
SEs: Way less sedation bc don’t penetrate BBB
What are the expectorants?
Guaifenesin
-Expectorant, thins secretions but doesn’t suppress cough reflex
N-Acetylcysteine
- Mucolytic: loosens mucus plugs in CF patients by breaking disulfide bonds.
- Used for Acetominophen OD
What is Dextromethorphan?
MOA
Uses
SEs
Antitussive
Antagonize NMDA glutumate receptor; synthetic codeine analog
SEs: Has mild opioid effect when used in excess so give Naloxone. Bc its mild opioid, has abuse potential
What are Pseudoephedrine & Phenylephrine?
MOA
Uses
SE
Sympathomimetic a-agonists
Non-Rx nasal decongestants
Use: Reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion. Open obstructed eustachian tubes
Pseudo ephedrine used to make meth
SEs: HTN, CNS stimulation (pseudoephedrine)
What is the aim of asthma drugs?
Decrease inflammation pathways
Decrease PNS tone
What are the B2 agonists used for asthma therapy?
Albuterol-B2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Use during ACUTE ATTACK
Salmeterol / Formoterol - LONG ACTING agents for prophylaxis.
SEs: Tremor and arrythmia
What are the methylxanthines and how do they help with asthma?
Theophylline
Cause bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase–>incr in cAMP levels.
Very narrow therapeutic index (cardiotox, neurotox)
Metab’d by P450, BLOCKS ACTION OF ADENOSINE
How does Ipratropium / Tiotropium help in asthma therapy?
Muscarinic Antagonist
Prevents bronchoconstriction
Also for COPD
Which corticosteroids are used for asthma therapy?
MOA
Uses
SEs
Beclamethasone, Fluticasone
Which corticosteroids are used for asthma therapy?
MOA
Uses
SEs
Beclamethasone, Fluticasone
Inhibit synthesis of all cytokines (high yield!!)
Inactivate NF-kB, the transcription factor that makes TNF-a and other inflammatory agents.
FIRST LINE FOR CHRONIC ASTHMA
What are the antileukotrienes?
Montelukast, Zafirlukast
- -Block leukotriene receptors.
- -ESPECIALLY FOR ASPIRIN INDUCED ASTHMA
Zileuton
-5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor…so prevents arachidonic acid from becoming leukotrienes
What is the best therapy for aspirin induced asthma?
Montelukast, Zafirlukast
What is Omalizumab?
Monoclonal IgE Ab
Binds UNBOUND serum IgE and blocks binding to FceRI
Use for allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long acting B agonist
What is methacholine?
Muscarinic receptor agonist that is used in asthma provocation challenge to help Dx asthma
