Anti-Microbials Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G, V
MOA
Resistance
SE

A

B Lactam

Structural analog of D-Ala-D-Ala

Bind Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) transpeptidases. Blocks the X-linking of peptidoglycan

SE: HSRs, heolytic anemia

Resistance: Penicillinase in bacteria (a beta lactamase) which cleaves the lactam ring

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2
Q

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
MOA
SEs
Resistance

A

Same as peni but with wider spectrum

Combine with clavulanic acid to protect agaisnt lactamase

AmOxicillin has better oral bioavail than ampi

Covers HELPSS (Hemophilus, E. Coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella

SEs: HSR, rash, Pseudomembranous colitis

Resistance: Penicillinase

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3
Q

Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin
MOA
SE
Resistance

A

Same as peni but NARROW spectrum
B-lactamase RESISTANT due to bulky R group blocking the lactam ring

USE FOR STAFF Naf for staph

SEs: HSRs, interstitial nephritis

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4
Q

Ticarcillin, Pipercillin
MOA
Resistance
SE

A

Same as peni, Extended spectrum

Use for Pseudomonas and g- rods.

Susc to lactamase so use with lactamase inhibitors (CAST)

SEs: HSR

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5
Q

What are the B-lactamase Inhibitors?

A

Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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6
Q

Cephalosporins 1st gen
MOA
SE

A

Cephaexin, Cefazolin

B lactam drugs that block cell wall synthesis but are less susc to lactamases

1st gen: PEcK
Protus
E.coli
Klebs

Cefazolin used preop to prevent S. Aureas wound infections

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7
Q

Cephalos -2nd generation

A

Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

HEN PEcKS
Hemophilus
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Proteus
E. coli
Klebs
Serratia
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8
Q

Cephalos 3rd Gen

A

Ceftriaxone (meningitis & gonorrhea), Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime (pseudomonas)

Used for serious Gram- Infections that are resistant to other B lactams

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9
Q

Cephalos 4th Gen

A

Cefepime:

Increased activity against Pseudomonas and Gram +

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10
Q

Cephalos 5th Gen

A

Ceftaroline
Broad gram + and - including MRSA
No coverage for Pseudomonas

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11
Q

Who does Cephalos not cover?

A
LAME
Listeria
Atypicals (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma)
MRSA
Enterococci

Except Ceftaroline can cover MRSA

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12
Q

Aztreonam
MOA
SE

A

Monobactam resistant to lactamase

Prevent peptidoglycan X-Linking by binding to PBP 3

Synergistic with Aminoglycosides, no cross allergicity with penis, so use this for penicillin allergic patients

For Gram- rods only (no g+ or anaerobes)

SE: usu non-toxic, occasional GI upset

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13
Q

Carbapenums
MOA
SE

A

Imipenum, Carbapenum, Ertapenum,Doripenum

Imi is broad based and lactamase resistant

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14
Q

Carbapenums
MOA
SE

A

Imipenum, Carbapenum, Ertapenum,Doripenum

Imi is broad based and lactamase resistant and given with CILASTATIN which is a renal dehydropeptidase I inhibitor to decrease the inactivation of Imi in renal tubules

Mero has decreased risk of seizures and stable agaisnt renal dehydropep I

Use for g+ cocci, g- rods, anerobes

SEs: GI distress, CNS (seizures at high levels) an skn rash

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15
Q

Vanco

A

Inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala

G+ only; MRSA, enterococci,C-Diff

Resistance: Bacterial AA modification of D-ala-D-ala to D-Ala-D-LAC

SEs: Nephrotox, Ototox, Thrombophlebitis, Red Man Syndrome (diffuse flushing). Prevent this by pretreatment with antihistamines and slow infusion rate

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