Swine Vesicular Diseases

Question 1

What vesicular disease has the broadest host range of the vesicular diseases?

Answer 1

Foot and Mouth Disease

Question 2

What animal is resistant to hoof and mouth disease?

Answer 2

Horses

Question 3

Where do you find lesions for Foot and Mouth Disease?

Answer 3

Vesicular lesions are found on the epithelium of the mouth, tongue, muzzle, interdigital space, tops of claws, teats and sometimes the surface of the udder.

Question 4

Where can Foot and Mouth disease be easiliy isolated from?

Answer 4

epithelial lesions- within the vessicles
During the early febrile period, virus particles can be found in all tissues, excretions and secretions including semen

In calves, the heart muscle is particularly affected.

Question 5

How is Foot and mouth disease transmitted?

Answer 5

A majority is transmitted through infected saliva. , however outbreaks in isolated areas have been atributed to chronic carrier state animals

Question 6

Can humans be affected by Foot and mouth disease?

Answer 6

Yes. It is recommended to wear protective boots, gloves, and clothing when handling infected animals. The clothing must be thoroughly disinfected following use

Question 7

Clinical signs associated with Foot and Mouth Disease

Answer 7

sudden onset of lameness, vesicular lesions on epithelial surfaces, depression, elevated temperature

Question 8

what clinical signs are associated with Swine and Foot and mouth disease

Answer 8

Pigs develop lameness initially as the most conspicuous signs. Large vesicles may appear on the snout and other epithelial surfaces

Question 9

What control measures are implemented in Foot and Mouth Disease

Answer 9

Aggressive quarantine measures, humans are also confined. Aggressive total depopulation of affected and contact animals is utilized in some areas of the world.

Farms can gradually restock beginning 30 days following total depopulation.

Question 10

What features are associated with Foot and Mouth Disease and vaccinations

Answer 10

The immunty generated by many of the vaccines is relatively short lived.

Question 11

How is Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Transmitted?

Answer 11

Transmitted to swine through garbage feeding, and introduction of infected swine into a clean herd.

Question 12

Clinical disease associated with Vesicular Exanthema

Answer 12

fever and the animal will be off feed.
Vesicles of varying size appear on the lips, tongue, snout, footpads, and the skin between the claws, coronary band, dew claws, and teats of nursing sows.

Clinically indistinguishable from Foot and Mouth Disease

Swine experience a rapid and extensive weight loss.

Question 13

Outcome associated with Vesicular Exanthema and Nursing Pigs

Answer 13

generally have a high mortality rate due to the development of lesions in the oral and nasal cavities that may cause suffocation or from starvation because of agalactia in the sows.

Question 14

What control measures are utilized for Vesicular Exanthema

Answer 14

depopulation is required.

Feeding of raw garbage is prohibited

Question 15

What is the reservoir for Vesicular exanthema

Answer 15

sea lion and fish population

Question 16

Swine vesicular disease

Answer 16

Lesions are typically indistinguishable from Other Vesicular Diseases.

Question 17

What lesion is identified with Swine Vesicular Disease?

Answer 17

Vesicular lesions indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases.

Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis throughout the CNS

Question 18

What prevention and control methods are used for Swine Vesicular Disease?

Answer 18

Strict quarantine and slaughter of all affected and exposed swine

Question 19

What serotype of Vesicular stomatitis is is the most virulant

Answer 19

The New Jersey serotype

Question 20

What serotype of Vesicular stomatitis is more diverse?

Answer 20

Indiana serotype

Question 21

Where in the world is Vesicular Stomatitis more common?

Answer 21

Western Hemisphere, and is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas.

Question 22

What is the major vector associated with Vesicular Stomatitis

Answer 22

Flies are thought to be the major vector but the virus also spreads by contact.

It also seems as though the virus is able to seed down in pastures.

Question 23

Where lesions/clinical signs are associated with Vesicular Stomatitis found in horses and cattle?

Answer 23

Oral lesions are more common than lesions on the feet.
The lesions may appear as blanched areas with little or no vesiculation. Vesicles on oral mucosa rupture rapidly and leave raw denuded ulcers.

Sudden drop in milk production and develop lesions on the teats.

Question 24

What lesions/clinical signs are associated with Vesicular Stomatitis found in horses and swine?

Answer 24

Lameness characterized by hyperemia and ulceration of the coronary band are most common

Question 25

Are humans susceptible to Vesicular Stomatitis?

Answer 25

yes- develop fevers and vesicles

Question 26

What prevention protocols are used for Vesicular Stomatitis?

Answer 26

Fly control and control of other vector insects is a key component of prevention

Question 27

Where is Senecavirus A recovered in Swine?

Answer 27

the virus can be recovered from the tonsils and feces

This can also be detected by PCR in serum and oral fluids.

Question 28

How is Senecavirus A brought to a farm?

Answer 28

The virus seems to be carried into swine facilities by humans and infected swine. The virus is carried on boots and clothing

Question 29

What are clinical signs associated with Senecavirus A?

Answer 29

Pigs may have a transient and mild loss of appetite and lameness. Low fever.
Most outbreaks are self-limiting and only last 1-2 weeks.

Question 30

Are humans affected by Senecavirus A?

Answer 30

no- they are a vector more than anything

Question 31

What methods of control and prevention for Senecavirus A?

Answer 31

Quarantine and diagnostic procedures need to be followed the same as any other vesicular disease.

The virus is inactivated by bleach but it needs to have contact for 15 minutes or so

Question 32

Common causes for Agalactia Syndrome of Sows

Answer 32

Physiologic factors (hormone imbalances)
Coliform mastitis
Vitamin E- selenium deficiency
Toxemia (retained pigs)

Question 33

Clinical Signs associated with Agalactia syndrome of sows

Answer 33

Coliform mastitis (characterized by a high fever, depressed and lethargic sows. Mammary glands are swollen and hyperemic and have pitting edema)
Prolonged inappetence, and constipation

Metritis
Agalactia

Question 34

What clinical signs are notable in piglets that indicates Agalactia Syndrome

Answer 34

progressively lose weight, become lethargic, pile up in a warm area, become emaciated, and die.

Necropsy of piglets reveals dehydration, emaciation, empty stomachs and serous atrophy of body fat.

Question 35

What methods of diagnosis are associated with Agalactia Syndrome?

Answer 35

Coliform mastitis- clinical signs based on piglets attempts to nurse
Bacterial culture of multiple glands

Question 36

What methods of prevention are used for Agalactia Syndrome

Answer 36

Maintain good sanitation

Vitamin E/Selenium supplementation are useful