Swine Vesicular Diseases Flashcards
What vesicular disease has the broadest host range of the vesicular diseases?
Foot and Mouth Disease
What animal is resistant to hoof and mouth disease?
Horses
Where do you find lesions for Foot and Mouth Disease?
Vesicular lesions are found on the epithelium of the mouth, tongue, muzzle, interdigital space, tops of claws, teats and sometimes the surface of the udder.
Where can Foot and Mouth disease be easiliy isolated from?
epithelial lesions- within the vessicles
During the early febrile period, virus particles can be found in all tissues, excretions and secretions including semen
In calves, the heart muscle is particularly affected.
How is Foot and mouth disease transmitted?
A majority is transmitted through infected saliva. , however outbreaks in isolated areas have been atributed to chronic carrier state animals
Can humans be affected by Foot and mouth disease?
Yes. It is recommended to wear protective boots, gloves, and clothing when handling infected animals. The clothing must be thoroughly disinfected following use
Clinical signs associated with Foot and Mouth Disease
sudden onset of lameness, vesicular lesions on epithelial surfaces, depression, elevated temperature
what clinical signs are associated with Swine and Foot and mouth disease
Pigs develop lameness initially as the most conspicuous signs. Large vesicles may appear on the snout and other epithelial surfaces
What control measures are implemented in Foot and Mouth Disease
Aggressive quarantine measures, humans are also confined. Aggressive total depopulation of affected and contact animals is utilized in some areas of the world.
Farms can gradually restock beginning 30 days following total depopulation.
What features are associated with Foot and Mouth Disease and vaccinations
The immunty generated by many of the vaccines is relatively short lived.
How is Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Transmitted?
Transmitted to swine through garbage feeding, and introduction of infected swine into a clean herd.
Clinical disease associated with Vesicular Exanthema
fever and the animal will be off feed.
Vesicles of varying size appear on the lips, tongue, snout, footpads, and the skin between the claws, coronary band, dew claws, and teats of nursing sows.
Clinically indistinguishable from Foot and Mouth Disease
Swine experience a rapid and extensive weight loss.
Outcome associated with Vesicular Exanthema and Nursing Pigs
generally have a high mortality rate due to the development of lesions in the oral and nasal cavities that may cause suffocation or from starvation because of agalactia in the sows.
What control measures are utilized for Vesicular Exanthema
depopulation is required.
Feeding of raw garbage is prohibited
What is the reservoir for Vesicular exanthema
sea lion and fish population
Swine vesicular disease
Lesions are typically indistinguishable from Other Vesicular Diseases.
What lesion is identified with Swine Vesicular Disease?
Vesicular lesions indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases.
Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis throughout the CNS
What prevention and control methods are used for Swine Vesicular Disease?
Strict quarantine and slaughter of all affected and exposed swine
What serotype of Vesicular stomatitis is is the most virulant
The New Jersey serotype
What serotype of Vesicular stomatitis is more diverse?
Indiana serotype
Where in the world is Vesicular Stomatitis more common?
Western Hemisphere, and is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas.
What is the major vector associated with Vesicular Stomatitis
Flies are thought to be the major vector but the virus also spreads by contact.
It also seems as though the virus is able to seed down in pastures.
Where lesions/clinical signs are associated with Vesicular Stomatitis found in horses and cattle?
Oral lesions are more common than lesions on the feet.
The lesions may appear as blanched areas with little or no vesiculation. Vesicles on oral mucosa rupture rapidly and leave raw denuded ulcers.
Sudden drop in milk production and develop lesions on the teats.
What lesions/clinical signs are associated with Vesicular Stomatitis found in horses and swine?
Lameness characterized by hyperemia and ulceration of the coronary band are most common
Are humans susceptible to Vesicular Stomatitis?
yes- develop fevers and vesicles
What prevention protocols are used for Vesicular Stomatitis?
Fly control and control of other vector insects is a key component of prevention
Where is Senecavirus A recovered in Swine?
the virus can be recovered from the tonsils and feces
This can also be detected by PCR in serum and oral fluids.
How is Senecavirus A brought to a farm?
The virus seems to be carried into swine facilities by humans and infected swine. The virus is carried on boots and clothing
What are clinical signs associated with Senecavirus A?
Pigs may have a transient and mild loss of appetite and lameness. Low fever.
Most outbreaks are self-limiting and only last 1-2 weeks.
Are humans affected by Senecavirus A?
no- they are a vector more than anything
What methods of control and prevention for Senecavirus A?
Quarantine and diagnostic procedures need to be followed the same as any other vesicular disease.
The virus is inactivated by bleach but it needs to have contact for 15 minutes or so
Common causes for Agalactia Syndrome of Sows
Physiologic factors (hormone imbalances)
Coliform mastitis
Vitamin E- selenium deficiency
Toxemia (retained pigs)
Clinical Signs associated with Agalactia syndrome of sows
Coliform mastitis (characterized by a high fever, depressed and lethargic sows. Mammary glands are swollen and hyperemic and have pitting edema) Prolonged inappetence, and constipation
Metritis
Agalactia
What clinical signs are notable in piglets that indicates Agalactia Syndrome
progressively lose weight, become lethargic, pile up in a warm area, become emaciated, and die.
Necropsy of piglets reveals dehydration, emaciation, empty stomachs and serous atrophy of body fat.
What methods of diagnosis are associated with Agalactia Syndrome?
Coliform mastitis- clinical signs based on piglets attempts to nurse
Bacterial culture of multiple glands
What methods of prevention are used for Agalactia Syndrome
Maintain good sanitation
Vitamin E/Selenium supplementation are useful
