Swine- Reproductive Diseases Flashcards
What 3 body systems does Pseudorabies affect
Reproductive (failure in mature sows) CNS disease (suckling pigs) Respiratory Disease (in older swine
What is the common reservoir of Pseudorabies
feral pigs
How is Pseudorabies primarily transmitted from herd to herd
introduction of actively shedding or latently infected pigs
Once a herd is infected with Pseudorabies, how is it transmitted?
direct contact, inhalation, ingestion, breeding, and transplacentally
What clinical signs are associated with neonates and Pseudorabies?
high fever, CNS signs (trembling, incoordinaiton, dog-sitting due to posterior paralysis, head tilt, ataxia, paddling, etc.) Mortality is up to 100% in affected pigs
What form(s) of Pseudorabies affects weaning pigs?
CNS (the younger the animal is, the more severe the signs are)
Respiratory- marked depression and sneezing
What clinical signs are seen in Grow-finishers with Pseudorabies:
Predominantly respiratory
How is a sow affected by Pseudorabies if she is infected in the first trimester?
May result in aboriton and return to estrus
How is a sow affected by Pseudorabies if she is infected in the second or third trimester?
May result in abortions or stillborn
Weakborn pigs (if sow was infected close to farrowing date)
NO MUMMIES (usually)
What is the tissue of choice for Pseudorabies
Tonsils.
What lesions are seen with Pseudorabies
fibrinonecrotic rhinitis and tracheitis, necrotic tonsillitis, swollen and hemorrhagic lymph nodes of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract.
What Pseudorabies vaccinations are utilized in the state of Iowa?
Gene deletion vaccinations with th egI deletion. The only way an animal could have antibody against the gI glycoprotein is to have been infected with the field virus
What is the concern with modified live pseudorabies vaccinations.
Some of them were capeable of producing disease in other animals. This is a concern in situations where syringes and needles were reused.
What happens to a sow if she is infected with Parvovirus <70days of gestation?
the fetuses are susceptible to the virus and will die and be resorbed or will mummify.
What happens to a sow if she is infected with Parvovirus >70 days of gestation?
The fetus will develop a protective immune response to the virus
What diagnostics are utilized in identifying Parvovirus?
Reproductive problems in gilts but not sows is highly suggestive. A relative lack of maternal illness, abortions and fetal anomalies is not seen with most other causes
Submit several mummified fetuses less or fetal lungs for IHC
Serology: if the gilt lacks antibody- a diagnosis of parvovirus is ruled out
What is the vaccination protocol for Parvovirus?
It is standard practice on most farms to immunize sows and gilts as part of routine pre-breeding immunizations.
What type of Picornavirus is considered the most severe and is characterized by CNS signs and a high mortality
Teschen disease
What type of Picornavirus is described as causing benign enzootic paresis and rarely progresses to paralysis
Taflan disease
What Methods of prevention are used for Picornaviruses to prevent Polioencephalomyelitis?
Vaccination against Teschen disease. Less virulent forms are not vaccinated against.
What is the major cause of Leptospirosis in swine throughout the world
Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona
How is Leptospirosis transmitted between animals
through breaks in the skin, direct penetration of mucous membranes or through conjunctiva.
Transmission from infected boars into a sow herd has occurred
Oral exoosure from the feed is a concern and may be a method of introduction of the infection into a confined herd.
What are clinical signs associated with Leptospirosis?
last half of gestation: aboritons, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths.
Most of the sows do not show marked clinical signs.
What is the standard test for identificaiton of Leptospirosis in swine?
Microscopic agglutination test
What are methods of prevention of Leptospirosis?
Chlorination of water supplies
Immunizaiton is standard- gilts should be given 2 doses prior to breeding and repeat vaccinations should be administered to the sow prior to each breeding.
What treatment methods are used for Leptospirosis?
Tetracyclines, Tylocin
What brucella biovars account for disease seen in the US
Brucella suis biovars 1 and 3
What brucella species is found to affect Reindeer and ceribous
Brucella suis biovar 4
How is Brucellosis transmitted
swine to swine transmission. Venereal route, ingestion etc.
Feral pigs maintain the infection
Clinical signs associated with Brucellosis
Abortions may occur at any time in gestation with the highest rate occurring when the sow or gilt is infected at breeiding.
Boars may have orchitis.
Spondylitis, and may become paralyzed or lame.
What diagnostic methods are used for Brucellosis
cutlure- most accurate- lymph node culture
Serology- used most frequently on a herd basis
What methods of control are utilized for herds infected with Brucellosis?
Depop- Repop
What bacterium is responsible for the majority of Tuberculosis infections?
Mycobacteria avium serovars 1,2,4,and 8
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
infection is almost always via ingestion.
Wild birds or infected poultry are a common source.
What lymph nodes are most commonly affected in cases of tuberculosis?
cervical or mesenteric nodes- lesions are usually caseous and yellowish white and vary from a few millimeters in size to involvement of the whole node.
What methods of prevention/control can be utilized for Tuberculosis?
Elimination of contact between swine and poultry and wild birds. Thorough disinfection of premises that have had swine with TB.
what bacteria is responsible for causing pyelonephritis/cystitis
Actinobaculum suis
what lesions are seen with Actinobaculum suis infection
thickened bladder wall with a hemorrhagic epithelium. The bladder may contain purulent exudate and deposits of sand-like material that are usually composed of struvite
What method of treatment is used in cases of Actinobaculum suis infections?
Ampicillin works the best, but early intervention is necessary in order to have a positive outcome
What prevention methods can be used to reduce the chance of Actinobaculum suis infections?
Maximize water consumption, increase salt in the ration, frequent watering and twice a day feeding to get sows on their feet, general cleanliness and good ventilation.
What is the etiology for Eperythrozoonosis
Mycoplasma suis.
How is Eperythrozoonosis transmitted
Transmission is most likely through needles and equiptment
What clinical signs are associated with pigs under 5 days of age and Mycoplasma suis?
clinical signs of anemia and icterus.
What exotic Viral disease of swine is characterized as having button ulcers and splenic infarcts?
Hog Cholera
What exotic Viral disease of swine is characterized as hving edema of the lungs and gall bladder wall, excessive pericardial, pleural and peritoneal fluids
African Swine Fever
How is hog Cholera transmitted
Direct contact via oro-nasal route Garbage feeding Virus is viable in pork and pork products Mechanical vectors Wild pigs In-utero exposure
How does a strain of low virulence Hog Cholera affect piglets?
Congenital tremors with cerebellar hypoplasia
How is African Swine Fever Transmitted?
All secretions and excretions are infectious
Tick vectors
Transmission commonly occurs by introduction of infected swine or indirectly through contaminated personnel and equipment
What control methods are utilized in swine with ASF
slaughter all infected and exposed swine, restrict swine and pork movement
Thorough cooking of garbage before feeding it to swine
