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Infectious Disease > Swine-Enteric diseases > Flashcards

Swine-Enteric diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How do fimbrial types affect Colibacillosis

A

Fimbrial types determine where the E.coli are able to bind to the intestinal tract

F4- adhere throughout the intestinal tract.
F5 and F41 strains adhere in greater numbers in the distal half of the small intestine.

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2
Q

What enterotoxin is associated with neonatal diarrhea and colibacillosis?

A

STa toxin

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3
Q

what enterotoxin is associated with post-weaning diarrhea and colibacillosis

A

STb toxin

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4
Q

What factors are associated with increased incidence of Colibacillosis

A

chilling of the baby. Poor environmental conditions

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5
Q

clinical signs associated with Colibacillosis

A

extensive fluid loss from the intestines and the resulting severe dehydration. Feces may vary from an almost clear fluid to white or brown depending on the diet

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6
Q

what methods of prevention are associated with Colibacillosis

A

raised crates with perforated floors
Antifimbrial antibodies in the sow’s milk
Immunization of gilts to boost protective antibody levels in the milk.

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7
Q

At what age are piglets able to produce their own antibodies for E. coli

A

~10 days of age.

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8
Q

What bacteria is associated with hemorrhagic enteritis in piglets- most commonly in the first week of life

A

Clostridium perfringens Type C

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9
Q

what are the clinical features of C. perfringens type C infections?

A

hemorrhagic diarrhea
reddish-brown liquid feces with necrotic debris
Subacute cases- emaciation and dehydration
Chronic- intermittent diarrhea

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10
Q

What part of the intestine is most commonly invaded by C. perfringens type C

A

Jejunum is most common

It will colonize the small intestine but does not invade the intestinal mucosa

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11
Q

What methods of diagnosis are commonly used in hemorrhagic diarrhea cases

A

Gross lesions are almost pathognomonic

Histopathology examination to demonstrate colonized villi

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12
Q

What methods of treatment are utilized in C. perfringens type C cases

A

Penicillin and antiserum orally

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13
Q

What methods of prevention are utilized to prevent C. perfringens infections?

A

antitoxin in the face of an outbreak

Immunization of gilts and sows with toxoid- provides good protection for most farms

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14
Q

what clinical signs are seen with Clostridium perfringens Type A infections?

A

transient watery diarrhea- suppressed rate of gain in pigs that are older.

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15
Q

IS immunization for C. perfringens Type A utilized today?

A

autogenous products are used more commonly on farms if a producer is having problems.

Feedback of manure to sows works for Type A, but not recommended if C. difficile is a problem in the herd

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16
Q

What is commonly the cause of mesocolonic edema?

A

Clostridioides difficile

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17
Q

How is C. diff transmitted

A

fecal-oral is assumed.

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18
Q

what are clinical signs associated with C. dif

A

Mild diarrhea with a creamy consistency

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of colitis in neonatal piglets currently?

A

C. difficile

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20
Q

What are features of Transmissible Gastroenteritis

A

highly contagious enteric disease characterized by vomiting, severe diarrhea, and a high mortality in piglets under 2 weeks of age.

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21
Q

How is TGE transmitted?

A

readily by aerosol and also shed into the feces. Infection occurs when the virus is swallowed. It will spread rapidly through a group of swine.

It is thought that the virus may be shed in milk and possibly via a respiratory route

May also be transmitted by other hosts: birds, dogs, etc.

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22
Q

What clinical signs are associated with TGE?

A

Transient vomiting, watery and usually profuse yellowish diarrhea, rapid dehydration and weight loss. Growing and finishing pigs- anorexia, diarrhea for a short period of time, occasionally animals may vomit.

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23
Q

What are lesions associated with TGE?

A

dehydration and distention of the small intestine with yellow and frequently foamy fluid with flecks of curdled milk

classically there was marked shortening or atrophy of the villi in the jejunum and to a lesser extent the ileum

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24
Q

What are vacciantion protocols utilized for TGE

A

Feedback methods are relatively susccessful.

Other options are available, but not utilized frequently

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25
Q

What management practices are utilized to decrease the burden of TGE

A

vaccinate all sows that have more than 2 to 2.5 weeks before farrowing to increase antibody production

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26
Q

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Transmission

A

Fecal-oral transmission, contaminated personnel, equipment or other fomites can introduce the virus.

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27
Q

Clinical Signs of PEDV

A

naive neonates hvae severe watery diarrhea, nearly 100% morbidity, and 80-90% mortality

Older pigs will develop clinical signs to a lesser degree

28
Q

Lesions associated with PEDV

A

Blunting of the small intestinal villi (atrophic enteritis) similar to that observed with TGR virus

29
Q

What method of Diagnosis is appropriate for PEDV

A

PCR on feces

30
Q

What are appropriate prevention methods for PEDV

A

Strict biosecurity protocols

31
Q

What kind of diarrhea do you have with coccidiosis

A

yellowish to grayish diarrhea in 7 to 14 day old piglets

32
Q

Etiology for Coccidiosis

A

Isospora suis is the major cause of procine coccidiosis

33
Q

What are methods of transmission with Coccidiosis

A

Residual organisms build up in farrowing crates from previous litters. Sows DO NOT play a major role in the transmission of the parasites.

Very resistant to disinfectants

34
Q

Lesions associated with Coccidiosis

A

Fibrinonecrotic membrane in the jejunum and ileum in severly affected pigs.
LACK OF HEMORRHAGE- even in severe disease
Villous atrophy, villous fusion, crypt hyperplasia, necrotic enteritis and loss of enterocytes at the tips of the villi.

35
Q

Diagnosis of Coccidiosis

A

Demonstrate paired type 1 merozoites on histopathology of intestine

36
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for Coccidiosis

A

Ponazuril has good use- extra-label use.

37
Q

What methods of prevention are utilized in Coccidiosis

A

Sanitation is key- hgih presssure cleaning and thoroughly disinfected between litters.

38
Q

Porcine Rotavirus etiology

A

Resistant to many normal disinfectants. Majority of pre-weaning infections are Group A. Disease severity is highly variable

Concurrent disease of Rotavirus and hemolytic E. coli is thought to be the most common cause of post weaning diarrhea.

39
Q

how is Rotavirus transmitted

A

Ingestion of fecal contaminated material.

40
Q

Clinical Signs of Rotavirus

A

Diarrhea, depression, anorexia, reluctance to move, vomiting, severe dehydration, Generally clinical signs in suckled piglets 10 to 21 days and older are mild. If infection occurs after weaning, the disease can be quite severe.

41
Q

What are lesiosn associated with Rotavirus

A

Desquamation of villous epithelial cells results in loss of intestinal enzymes and interference with digestion and malabsorption

42
Q

Treatment for Rotavirus

A

Electrolyte-glucose or sucrose solution. A high quality diet following infection may lessen the impact of the disease in the recovery phase

43
Q

Prevention of Rotavirus

A

Thorough disinfection and high level of cleanliness.

44
Q

Swine Dysentery overview

A

muco-hemorrhagic enteritis that usually affects pigs 30-150lb pigs. Often associated with late summer or fall and is associated with stress

45
Q

What bacteria is commonly associated with Swine Dysentery

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

46
Q

Clinical Signs associated with Swine Dysentery:

A

Large amount of mucus often containing flecks of blood. Watery stools containing blood, mucus, and shreds of fibrinous exudate are seen. Abdominal pain evidenced by an arched back may occur.

Cyclic disease appearance in a group of swine

47
Q

Pathogenesis of Swine Dysentery

A

Organisms do not invade beyond the lamina propria. Lesions are confined to the large intestine.

48
Q

Prevention of Swine Dysentery

A

Rigid sanitation, quarantine of new stock, depopulate, Denagard medication, Sanitation, prevention of stress etc.

Rodent control program

49
Q

Treatment of Swine Dysentery

A

Tiamulin and Mecadox are approved for use in the feed.

50
Q

Clinical signs of septicemic salmonellosis

A

high fever, speticemia, sudden death in multiple animals, enterocolitis:diarrhea is sporadic, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis

51
Q

Gross lesions of Septicemic Salmonellosis

A

cyanosis of ears, feet, tail, and ventral abdominal skin. Organomegally

52
Q

Features of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathies

A

Thickening of the mucous membrane of the small and sometimes the large intestine. Characterized by proliferation and immaturity of the intestinal epithelium

53
Q

How is porcine proliferative enteropathy transmitted

A

Likely transmitted through feces, and ingested by fecal-oral route. Transmitted from the sow to the pigs at an early age. Lateral transmission is often important in a group of pigs.

54
Q

what bacteria is associated iwth Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy, and what is its role?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis is found, but acts as a permissive role for normal gut flora.

55
Q

How is proliferative enteropathy Diagnosed?

A

Gross lesions are highly suggestive but there can be a normal thickening of the ileum adjacent to Peyer’s patches subsequent to chronic inflammation due to other causes.

56
Q

How can Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy be prevented?

A

increased attention to sanitaiton and biosecurity plus AIAO strategies with thorough cleaning and disinfecting between groups are a good idea.

57
Q

Edema disease etiology, and what toxin is associated with it

A

Escherichia coli

Stx2e toxin is commonly associated with it.

58
Q

Clinical Signs associated with Edema Disease

A

Sudden death of one or more pigs usually 1 to 2 weeks after weaning. Often this is in the best doing pigs in the group
Incoordination, staggering gait, knuckling of the forelimbs, ataxia, paralysis, tremors and paddling.

59
Q

Treatment of Edema disease

A

increase the fiber content of the diet (restrict feed consumption)
Antimicrobials may be useful especially if the susceptibility pattern is known.

60
Q

How to prevent Edema Disease?

A

Genetics- if this is a common problem, SWITCH BOARS!!!!!

restricted feeding at weaning or feeding a higher fiber diet

61
Q

At what age are animals subject to Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus

A

Confined almost entirely to pigs less than 3 weeks of age.

62
Q

Erysipelas clinical Signs

A

septicemia, high fever, stiffness, reluctance to move (arthritis), depression, splenomegaly, petechial hemorrhages, and sudden death, Diamond skin disease
Valvular endocarditis can lead to cardiac insuffiency and sudden death under stress.

63
Q

How to prevent Erysipelas?

A

Management, housing, etc, are very important.

Immunizaiton of grower pigs is routine but usually limited to summer months. Sows and gilts are routinely immunized pre-breeding.

None of the products protect against the arthritic form of the disease

64
Q

Mycoplasma infections generalized symptoms

A

cause polyserositis and arthritis.

65
Q

How would you identify Mycoplasmal infections?

A

Bacteriologic culture of the joint fluid, or exudate from serosal surfaces.

66
Q

what treatment methods are indicated for Mycoplasmal infections?

A

separate the affected animals

Tylosin, Lincocin, or Tiamulin

Infectious Disease (12 decks)

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