Swine Production Flashcards
1
Q
number of pig farms in canada
how many are marketed each year
A
7,000
25.5 million
2
Q
canada is the ___ largest pork producer in the world
A
3rd
3
Q
75% of canada’s pork production occurs in:
A
quebec
ontario
manitoba
4
Q
approx ___-____% of quebecs production is in the hands of 25 operations
A
50-55%
5
Q
in 2020 sask produced ____ of canadian pork
A
8.5%
6
Q
sask has ____ farms producing ______ million pigs
A
400
2.3 million
7
Q
sask is the ___ largest pork producer in canada
A
5th
8
Q
only __% of sask pork is consumed in house
A
14%
9
Q
year of pig domestication in china and england
A
china 490BC
england 800BC
10
Q
likely ancestor of all modern swine
A
wild boar
sus scrofa
11
Q
swine phylum
A
chordata
12
Q
swine sub phylum
A
vertebrata
13
Q
swine class
A
mammalia
14
Q
swine sub class
A
utheria
15
Q
swine order
A
artiodactyla
16
Q
swine family
A
suidae/porcidae
17
Q
swine genus
A
sus (linn)
18
Q
swine species
A
sus scrofa
19
Q
% of yorkshire, landrace, and duroc of national herd
A
yorkshire 42%
landrace 32%
duroc 25%
20
Q
traits of yorkshire (4)
A
successful in crossbreeding
high sow productivity
high carcass quality
maintains consumer demand for high quality pork
21
Q
traits of landrace (3)
A
excellent mothering ability, temperament, longevity, and reproduction
good ADG, feed conversion, and leanness
high quality carcass
22
Q
traits of duroc (5)
A
dominates male lines
solid pink-reddish meat
excellent carcass quality of intramuscular fat, tenderness and juiciness
strong feet and legs
large litters
23
Q
pork
A
pig meat
24
Q
sows
A
adult mother pig
25
gilt
females of breeding age that havent farrowed yet
26
weaning
removing young from mother
27
hog
pig ready to be processed
28
process/harvest
slaughter for meat
29
bacon
pig meat sold after curing (brine)
30
barrow
male castrated pig
31
boar
uncastrated male for breeding
32
farrowing
pig parturition
33
Importance of swine production (4)
food
inedible feed to valuable product
maintaining soil fertility
supplements other industries
34
drawbacks of swine production (3)
diets rely heavily on concentrates (expensive)
production must be carefully managed
very susceptible to diseases and parasites
35
3 types of swine enterprises
farrow to finish
farrow to wean
grow to finish
36
farrow to finish timeline and drawbacks (3)
10 months (4 months breeding and gestation, 6 months raising)
most capital labour
long term commitment
37
farrow to wean traits and drawbacks (3)
breeding and selling to finishers
less facilities and capital
producers are at the mercy of wean-finish market
38
grow to finish traits and drawbacks (3)
buying weaned pigs and feeding to market weight
low labor
must monitor source, health, and quality of purchasing pigs
39
boar to female ratio
1:20
40
flushing the breeding herd (4)
feeding over maintenance requirement
2-3 wks before breeding
6-8lbs/day
makes happy and increases ovulation (litter size)
41
boar feeding considerations (3)
high protein, Ca and P
ensure not over conditioned
7-8lbs/day
42
gestation length
3 weeks
3 months
3 days
43
feeding gestating sows
limited feed to not get fat
electric feeders with transponders
44
farrowing crate use
prevent sows from crushing piglets
45
post farrowing feeding (5)
highest nutrient requirements
higher protein
ad lib
gradually increased from days 2-7/10
14lbs/day
46
weaning weight and age of piglets
15-17lbs
3 weeks
47
housed in nursery pens until ____ age (weight)
6-8 weeks
50-60lbs
48
protein in piglet ration _______ as body weight _______
decreases
increases
49
market pig weigt
220lbs
50
considerations of site selection (5)
proximity to amenities
isolation to reduce disease
not prone to flooding
manure management land
avoiding prolonged sun and wind
51
advantages (4) and disadvantages (1) of intensive housing
control of environment
manure separated from pigs
easy to clean
strict biosecurity
high initial cost
52
advantages (2) and disadvantages (4) of hoop barn systems
lower costs/pig
multi use building
heat and humidity
treating specific pigs
biosecurity
cleaning
53
advantages (2) and disadvantages (4) of extensive systems
animals able to root and forage
low cost
seasonal
minimal environmental control
cleaning and disinfecting
individual pig monitoring
54
why is ventilation needed (3)
warm air generated with breath
dust
ammonia and other gasses
55
manure management (4)
handled as liquid
manure pits located under pens
gravitational flow or pump out
can be valuable to surrounding land if handled properly
56
signs of heat (3)
swollen vulva
nervousness
mucus discharge
off feed
57
consequences of excessive gestational feed intake (4)
increase embryonic mortality
increase farrowing difficulty
increased crushed piglets
decreased lactation
58
consequences of low gestational feed intake (4)
failure to rebreed
lower conception and litter size
increased susceptibility to bone fractures
premature culling
59
group sow housing feeding options (4, describe)
drop/spin: widespread feeding
non gated short stalls: protected by shoulder barriers
gated feeding stalls: enter to be protected from the group
electric sow feeder: each animal has a transponder
60
farrowing rooms typically contain __-__ farrowing crates
6-12
61
requirements for successful farrowing area (3)
warm
dry
clean
62
on some commercial farms ___% of live born pigs dont survive. pre weaning mortality should be able to be reduced to ___%
>25%
10%
63
major causes of preweaning mortality (4)
starvation
crushing
chilling
born weak
64
minor causes of preweaning mortality (3)
genetic defects
disease
savaging
65
reduction of preweaning mortality (4)
cross foster
intake colostrum
reduce crushing loss
reduce chilling loss
66
sows are rebred __-__ days post weaning
4-5
67
temp of nursery rooms
28 C
68
environmental stressors of weaner pigs (4)
chilling
heat
overcrowding
poor sanitation
69
nutritional stressors of weaner pigs (5)
rapid change in diet
overfeeding
underfeeding
adaptation to feeding system
adaptation to watering system
70
social stressor of weaner pigs (1)
mixing with strange pigs
71
when are pigs moved from the nursery
20kg
72
6 management considerations of grower finishing
warmth (21-24)
adequate spacing (4ft sq/pig)
sort by size
may sort by sex
feed and water easily accessible
one waterer per 15-20 pigs
73
4 objectives of the feeder barn
max growth rate
max feed conversion
min death loss
improve carcass quality
74
use of swine antibiotics (3)
only medically important
vet-client relationship
no longer import by individuals
75
AMR
antimicrobial resistance
microbes evolving in ways that reduce drug effectiveness
76
5 main parts of the pig digestive tract
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
77
3 parts if the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
78
inner surface of the small intestine had projections called ________. what is their function
vili
provide absorptive surface area for nutrients
79
indispensable amino acids (9)
arg
his
ile
leu
lys
meth
phe
thr
val
80
gestating sows require higher amounts of vitamin ___ and ____
a and d
81
5 factors determining nutrient requirements
product
age
breed
production state
health
82
common energy sources ranked (4)
corn
wheat
barley
fat sources
83
common amino acid sources (6)
soybean meal
canola meal
peas
lentils
meat meal
synthetic amino acids
84
common mineral sources for swine (3)
mono/dicalcium phosphate
bonemeal
limestone
85
5 factors determining nutrient availability
antinutrients
feed processing
quantity
feeding frequency
ingredients in mix
86
feed accounts for ____% of swine production cost
~70%
87
swine brucellosis (3)
spreads by semen during breeding, ingestion, inhaling, or eye contact with the bacteria
joint issues leading to lameness
inflammatory lesions in the reproductive organs
88
pseudorabies (4)
spreads in direct animal-animal contact, sexual contact, or by inanimate objects
reproductive issues
respiratory issues
occasional death
89
pseudorabies symptoms in newborn(4) and adult(4) pigs
CNS clinical signs
sneezing
coughing
high mortality
coughing
fever
CNS signs
reproductive failure
90
porcine epidemic diarrhea (3)
transmission through feces and direct animal contact
dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea
can be prevented with biosecurity
91
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (4)
reproductive failure
respiratory diseases
diarrhea in weanling pigs
vaccines available
92
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome mortality (<7d, 7-10d)
<7-100%
7-10-30%
93
reportable diseases of swine (5)
trichinellosis
FMD
swine vesicular disease
african swine
hog cholera (classic swine fever)
94
FMD (3)
highly communicable
fever
blister like sores
95
swine vesicular disease (3)
fever
fluid filled blisters
rarely fatal
96
african swine fever (5)
high mortality
fever
hemorrhage
internal bleeding
virus can survive in processed pork
97
Hog cholera (classic swine fever) (4)
fever
discolouration of skin
hemorrhages
necrotic lesions of skin
98
trichinellosis
intramuscular roundworms
larvae are transferred between hosts through consumption of raw/undercooked meat
99
biosecurity principles (5)
isolation
sanitation
traffic control
herd health management
program maintenance
100
