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Ansc 212 > Dairy Production > Flashcards

Dairy Production Flashcards

1
Q

canadian dairy is concentrated in

A

ontario and quebec

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2
Q

reasons for decline in dairy farm numbers (3)

A

changing population demographics
economic change
unfavourable cost of quota

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3
Q

Canada dairy herd size has increased ____% since 1970

A

411%

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4
Q

certifications for organic dairy production (3)

A

grown without use of pesticides
produced without nitrogen based fertilizers/sewage sludge and GMO
produced without synthetic hormones or antibiotics

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5
Q

transition time for organic dairy production

A

3 years

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6
Q

reason for decline in processing facilities

A

mergers, consolidation

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7
Q

fluid milk consumption trend

A

decrease

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8
Q

total cream consumption trend

A

increase

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9
Q

cheese consumption trend

A

increase

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10
Q

yogurt consumption trend

A

increase

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11
Q

butter consumption trend

A

steady

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12
Q

ice cream consumption trend

A

decrease

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13
Q

overall dairy consumption trend
reasons (3)

A

decline
population demographic (aging, immigration)
Low fat food push
competition (alternative milks)

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14
Q

tie stall barns (2)

A

limited movement
welfare concerns

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15
Q

free stall barns overstocking rate

A

can overstock by 20%

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16
Q

where is tie stall still popular

A

Ont and Qu
smaller farms

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17
Q

major breed in canada

A

holstein

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18
Q

high butterfat and protein breed

A

jersey

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19
Q

high milk producer breed

A

holstein

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20
Q

milk production per cow trend
reasons (5)

A

increase
milking technology, disease control, genetic advancement, feed research, welfare improvement

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21
Q

how is quota measured

A

kg butterfat

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22
Q

quota is managed by provincial milk marketing board
what is it in sask?

A

sask milk

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23
Q

fluid milk classes and %butterfat

A

class 1
40%

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24
Q

industrial milk classes and %butterfat

A

class 2-5
60%

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25
Q

overproduction consequence

A

not paid for milk overage

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26
Q

underproduction consequence

A

fines
repeated=loss of quota

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27
Q

WMP group vs P5 group

A

WMP is SK AB BC MB
P5 is the rest of canada

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28
Q

Far off cows

A

several weeks pre calving

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29
Q

close up/pre fresh cows

A

2-3 wks pre calve

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30
Q

late lactation

A

3-4months before dry

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31
Q

dry off time in the cycle

A

305-320 days

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32
Q

dry period length

A

60 days

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33
Q

mean culling age for dairy cows

A

4-5 years

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34
Q

first lactation average

A

28kg/d

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35
Q

second lactation average

A

33kg/d

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36
Q

culling rate target

A

20-30%

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37
Q

involuntary culling reasons(4)

A

disease, injury, infertility, death

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38
Q

voluntary culling reasons

A

low milk, surplus animals

39
Q

top 2 reasons for culling

A

infertility/reproduction
mastitis

40
Q

when are dairy calves weaned

41
Q

when are heifers bred

A

13-15 months

42
Q

when do heifers have their first calf

A

22-24 months

43
Q

lactation curve body weight trend

A

down with milk production increase
high in dry period

44
Q

lactation curve milk production

A

starts with high increase then gradual decrease

45
Q

lactation curve dry matter intake

A

lags behind milk production max

46
Q

lactation length

47
Q

peak lactation

A

60-90 dyas after calving

48
Q

what is persistency and what is a typical number

A

% of this moths milk production compared to last months
94-96%

49
Q

max production is reached at (years and lactations)

A

6-8 years
4-6 lactations

50
Q

anatomy of mammary gland

A

4 quarters operate independently
rear produces 60%
alveoli are the milk secreting cells

51
Q

how does nutrients get to the udder

A

blood transport

52
Q

blood also contains hormones. for what?

A

udder development
milk synthesis
regeneration of secretory cells during dry period

53
Q

how does machine milking work

A

negative pressure vacuum

54
Q

herringbone parlor (3)

A

double 4-double 24
cows at 45 angle to pit
cows handled in groups

55
Q

parallel side by side parlour (3)

A

90 angle to pit
difficult to access front tits
shorter distance between udders increasing efficiency

56
Q

Rotary parlour (2)

A

milker outside
not expandable

57
Q

robots for free stalls (2)

A

VMS-deLaval
Astronaut-Lely

58
Q

robots for tie stall (1)

A

milkomax system

59
Q

one robot can milk ________ cows __x a day

A

55-60 cows
3x a day

60
Q

where are robots best suited

A

small herds

61
Q

robot and culling relation and %

A

5-10% of cows must be culled as they run away

62
Q

Feed first pre selection robot

A

eat-sort based on recent milk- go for milk or bed

63
Q

milk first pre selection robot

A

sorting based on recent milk-either eat or milk then eat

64
Q

for complete milk removal (3)

A

proper pre stimulation
efficient machine operation
quick, gentle, efficient, clean milker

65
Q

_________ is key to milking

A

consistency

66
Q

_________ is released to let milk down
explain

A

oxytocin
myoepithelial cells contract 20-60 seconds after stimulus lasting 6-8 minutes

67
Q

milk ejection reflex SOP (3)

A

fetching cows for milking
entering parlour (sight and sound)
forestripping and udder prep

68
Q

good milking procedures (3)

A

2x a day (3 increases production but costs labour)
calm and consistent
emphasis on hygiene

69
Q

pre milking teat disinfection

70
Q

why is post milking disinfection important

A

mastitis prevention

71
Q

why is fresh food offered after milking

A

encouraging standing to prevent infection

72
Q

how is milk stored

A

1-4 degrees cooled rapidly

73
Q

how frequently is milk sampled
what is it sampled for (6)

A

every load
protein, fat, lactose, antibiotic residue, water, somatic cell count

74
Q

milk composition (water, fat, protein, lactose, minerals)

A

water-85-87%
fat-3-4.5%
protein-3.4-3.6%
Lactose-4.5-5%
minerals-0.7%

75
Q

2 major factors of profitability

A

production level of cows
composition of milk

76
Q

how much of a cows day is spent resting

A

13-15 hours

77
Q

most common feeding method of cows

A

TMR 1-2 times a day pushed up regularly
everything needed in one meal ground small enough that they cant pick apart

78
Q

benefit of dry period

A

optimizing production in the next lactation

79
Q

minimum dry period length

80
Q

how to dry off cows

A

withdraw grain
stop milking (abrupt or gradual)

81
Q

Dry cow therapy (2)

A

antibiotics into tit (blanket or individual)
keratin plug natural/tit sealant artificial

82
Q

when are calves removed? why

A

within 24 hours of birth
before bonding happens

83
Q

mandatory tags for dairy calves

A

RFID button
panel tag with unique animal number and producer herd number

84
Q

when does transition milk come in

A

24-72 hours after birth

85
Q

colostrometer

A

tests 25ml of milk
green=good
yellow=moderate
red=bad

86
Q

how much colostrum should be fed in the first 24 hours

A

at least 2 kg

87
Q

reasons for housing calved individually

A

reduced disease
prevent direct contact
protect from draft

88
Q

when is group housing mandatory

A

will become mandatory by 4wks of age by april 2031

89
Q

conventional calf feeding program

A

8-10% of body weight in 2 meals a day
4-5 kg milk/day

90
Q

accelerated feeding of calves

A

ad lib 16-20% of body weight
8-12 kg milk/day

91
Q

which stomach grows as calves age
what is growth dependent on
what feature develops

A

rumen
grain intake
papillae

92
Q

energy sources in calf starter

A

corn, barley, wheat, oats

93
Q

protein sources in calf starter

A

soybean meal
DDGS
wheat bran
canola meal

94
Q

what does calf starter intake need to be as trying to wean

A

0.7-1.0kg/d

Ansc 212 (13 decks)

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