Poultry Production Flashcards
What are poultry
domestic foul that produce an economic service to humans
3 size/classifications of meat chickens
rock cornish game hen
Broiler
roaster
pullets vs hens
pullets are prior to sexual maturity
hens are after
poult
newly hatched chick
meat bird categories (5)
broiler <5kg
light hen 5-7kg
heavy hen 7-9kg
light tom 9-11kg
heavy tom >11kg
what is unique about pigeons (squib)
need mothers
what is unique about ostriches
sensitive diets
what is unique about guinea fowl
eat bugs
tougher meat
3 stages of life
brooding (supplemental heat required)
rearing (before sexual maturity)
reproductive stage (meat birds dont make it that far)
why has chicken demand increased
white meat is considered healthier
more cost effective
religiously neutral
backyard poultry industry (2)
not considered part of the commercial industry (not supply managed)
includes commercial and heritage breeds
commercial poultry industry excels at (4)
intensification (highly automates, new tech)
economies of scale
disease control
precise nutrition
supply management benefits (3)
retention of family farms
stead income for producers
no major shortages or surplus
quota (3)
must have for commercial production
makes product more expensive for consumers
difficult to get into ($$$)
vertical integration
most steps of production owned by one company
improved industry communication
decreases producer ownership and individual farm ownership
genetics are controlled by _____________. this means…
primary breeder groups
all dna is trademarked, cant create own breeds
role of primary breeder groups (4)
genetic selection
technical assistance for producers
multiplication of stock
hybrid vigor
biosecurity principal
prevention rather than treatment
biosecurity factors (5)
all in all out
traffic control
location of farms
traceability
cleaning and disinfecting
digestive anatomy of a chicken (5)
crop
proventriculus
gizzard
small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
ceca
feed forms and descriptions
pellets, crumbles, mash
mash is the powderized feed, it can be compressed into pellets, and broken down slightly into crumbles
benefits of pellets/crumbles (6)
increase body weight gain
less waste
less subject to mould
pelleting kills some bacteria
ability to improve palatability and digestibility
limits ability to pick out certain components
benefits of mash feeds (3)
keep body weight lower
reduced processing cost
can be done on farm easier
energy sources (3)
cereal grains > fat > protein
Protein sources (3)
protein concentrates > cereal grains > purified amino acids
nutrient priority of meat vs egg producers
meat: energy and protein muscle deposition
eggs: calcium and phosphorus for egg shell formation
Automated feed delivery
bins outside- feed lines- monitors on feeders to keep full (check eating amounts)
options of water delivery (2)
nippler drinkers (primary)
bell drinkers (older method, get dirty)
aspects of housing controlled(4)
temperature
humidity
ventilation
light (length and intensity)
how are laying hens utilized at their end of life
in ont/qu due to bigger numbers they have processing plants to use for animal food
western provinces mostly compost/burn
canadian codes of practice
set minimal requirements for all livestock
not a legal document but can be used in court
conventional cages are being converted to ___________ by ____
enriched cages (perches, nesting boxes, dustbathing, more space)
2032
disadvantages of cage free systems for laying hens
hard to deal with specific birds
increased injury
harder to train some birds to lay in nest boxes
main gases produced by poultry
CO2 and ammonia
when were hormones last used in canadian broilers
1960s
difference between turkey and broiler housing
turkeys need two houses as they grow bigger
company for commercial egg production in sask
star eggs saskatoon
companies for broiler meat processing in sask
lilydale sofina foods wynyard
prairie pride natural foods inc saskatoon
company for turkey processing in sask
prairie pride natural foods inc saskatoon
precocial
hatch and ready to go. don’t need mothers
physiological zero
storage temp for eggs to halt embryo growth
10-18 C
egg storage and length
70-80% humidity
1-7 days can be up to 14
incubator feature
tilted occasionally so embryo doesn’t stick to shell
minimum 8 times a day
how long are eggs in hatcher
3 days
use of egg tooth
pip (internal and external) to get out
egg orientation
incubate small side down
placed on sides in hatcher
egg remover
sorts out non viable eggs using candling
improves chick quality
chick processing
all in one machine to give vaccines, dull beak with IR light,and do toe treatment
how can chickens be sexed, describe
vent: looking at anatomy, invasive, must be highly trained
feathers: different in the first few days, time consuming
total incubation for chickens, turkeys, duck, geese
chickens 21+
turkey 28+
duck 28+
geese 30+
national and provincial boards for broiler production
chicken farmers of canada
chicken farmers of sask
sask broiler production stats (2)
70 broiler producers
28mil kg chicken (2.9% of national)
broiler units are ran as _________________
all in all out
broiler production works on an __ week cycle
8
average time to market for broilers
5 weeks
30-49 days
feed costs of broilers
40-50%
loading out happens
at night
broiler weight target
2.5kg in grocery stores
1.75kg for KFC
target grade for broilers. what happens if they dont reach this
A
sold as processed chicken products
roasters (3)
usually males
3.6kg live weight
8-9wks of age
whole carcass
number to sask turkey producers
11
newly hatched turkey
poult
juvenile male turkey
young tom
juvenile female turkey
young turkey hen
mature male turkey
turkey tom
mature female turkey
turkey hen
typical growth of turkey
20kg in 18 weeks
how do turkeys reproduce
too large to have sex
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