Poultry Production

Question 1

What are poultry

Answer 1

domestic foul that produce an economic service to humans

Question 2

3 size/classifications of meat chickens

Answer 2

rock cornish game hen
Broiler
roaster

Question 3

pullets vs hens

Answer 3

pullets are prior to sexual maturity
hens are after

Question 4

poult

Answer 4

newly hatched chick

Question 5

meat bird categories (5)

Answer 5

broiler <5kg
light hen 5-7kg
heavy hen 7-9kg
light tom 9-11kg
heavy tom >11kg

Question 6

what is unique about pigeons (squib)

Answer 6

need mothers

Question 7

what is unique about ostriches

Answer 7

sensitive diets

Question 8

what is unique about guinea fowl

Answer 8

eat bugs
tougher meat

Question 9

3 stages of life

Answer 9

brooding (supplemental heat required)
rearing (before sexual maturity)
reproductive stage (meat birds dont make it that far)

Question 10

why has chicken demand increased

Answer 10

white meat is considered healthier
more cost effective
religiously neutral

Question 11

backyard poultry industry (2)

Answer 11

not considered part of the commercial industry (not supply managed)
includes commercial and heritage breeds

Question 12

commercial poultry industry excels at (4)

Answer 12

intensification (highly automates, new tech)
economies of scale
disease control
precise nutrition

Question 13

supply management benefits (3)

Answer 13

retention of family farms
stead income for producers
no major shortages or surplus

Question 14

quota (3)

Answer 14

must have for commercial production
makes product more expensive for consumers
difficult to get into ($$$)

Question 15

vertical integration

Answer 15

most steps of production owned by one company
improved industry communication
decreases producer ownership and individual farm ownership

Question 16

genetics are controlled by _____________. this means…

Answer 16

primary breeder groups
all dna is trademarked, cant create own breeds

Question 17

role of primary breeder groups (4)

Answer 17

genetic selection
technical assistance for producers
multiplication of stock
hybrid vigor

Question 18

biosecurity principal

Answer 18

prevention rather than treatment

Question 19

biosecurity factors (5)

Answer 19

all in all out
traffic control
location of farms
traceability
cleaning and disinfecting

Question 20

digestive anatomy of a chicken (5)

Answer 20

crop
proventriculus
gizzard
small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
ceca

Question 21

feed forms and descriptions

Answer 21

pellets, crumbles, mash
mash is the powderized feed, it can be compressed into pellets, and broken down slightly into crumbles

Question 22

benefits of pellets/crumbles (6)

Answer 22

increase body weight gain
less waste
less subject to mould
pelleting kills some bacteria
ability to improve palatability and digestibility
limits ability to pick out certain components

Question 23

benefits of mash feeds (3)

Answer 23

keep body weight lower
reduced processing cost
can be done on farm easier

Question 24

energy sources (3)

Answer 24

cereal grains > fat > protein

Question 25

Protein sources (3)

Answer 25

protein concentrates > cereal grains > purified amino acids

Question 26

nutrient priority of meat vs egg producers

Answer 26

meat: energy and protein muscle deposition eggs: calcium and phosphorus for egg shell formation

Question 27

Automated feed delivery

Answer 27

bins outside- feed lines- monitors on feeders to keep full (check eating amounts)

Question 28

options of water delivery (2)

Answer 28

nippler drinkers (primary) bell drinkers (older method, get dirty)

Question 29

aspects of housing controlled(4)

Answer 29

temperature humidity ventilation light (length and intensity)

Question 30

how are laying hens utilized at their end of life

Answer 30

in ont/qu due to bigger numbers they have processing plants to use for animal food western provinces mostly compost/burn

Question 31

canadian codes of practice

Answer 31

set minimal requirements for all livestock not a legal document but can be used in court

Question 32

conventional cages are being converted to ___________ by ____

Answer 32

enriched cages (perches, nesting boxes, dustbathing, more space) 2032

Question 33

disadvantages of cage free systems for laying hens

Answer 33

hard to deal with specific birds increased injury harder to train some birds to lay in nest boxes

Question 34

main gases produced by poultry

Answer 34

CO2 and ammonia

Question 35

when were hormones last used in canadian broilers

Answer 35

1960s

Question 36

difference between turkey and broiler housing

Answer 36

turkeys need two houses as they grow bigger

Question 37

company for commercial egg production in sask

Answer 37

star eggs saskatoon

Question 38

companies for broiler meat processing in sask

Answer 38

lilydale sofina foods wynyard prairie pride natural foods inc saskatoon

Question 39

company for turkey processing in sask

Answer 39

prairie pride natural foods inc saskatoon

Question 40

precocial

Answer 40

hatch and ready to go. don't need mothers

Question 41

physiological zero

Answer 41

storage temp for eggs to halt embryo growth 10-18 C

Question 42

egg storage and length

Answer 42

70-80% humidity 1-7 days can be up to 14

Question 43

incubator feature

Answer 43

tilted occasionally so embryo doesn't stick to shell minimum 8 times a day

Question 44

how long are eggs in hatcher

Answer 44

3 days

Question 45

use of egg tooth

Answer 45

pip (internal and external) to get out

Question 46

egg orientation

Answer 46

incubate small side down placed on sides in hatcher

Question 47

egg remover

Answer 47

sorts out non viable eggs using candling improves chick quality

Question 48

chick processing

Answer 48

all in one machine to give vaccines, dull beak with IR light,and do toe treatment

Question 49

how can chickens be sexed, describe

Answer 49

vent: looking at anatomy, invasive, must be highly trained feathers: different in the first few days, time consuming

Question 50

total incubation for chickens, turkeys, duck, geese

Answer 50

chickens 21+ turkey 28+ duck 28+ geese 30+

Question 51

national and provincial boards for broiler production

Answer 51

chicken farmers of canada chicken farmers of sask

Question 52

sask broiler production stats (2)

Answer 52

70 broiler producers 28mil kg chicken (2.9% of national)

Question 53

broiler units are ran as _________________

Answer 53

all in all out

Question 54

broiler production works on an __ week cycle

Answer 54

8

Question 55

average time to market for broilers

Answer 55

5 weeks 30-49 days

Question 56

feed costs of broilers

Answer 56

40-50%

Question 57

loading out happens

Answer 57

at night

Question 58

broiler weight target

Answer 58

2.5kg in grocery stores 1.75kg for KFC

Question 59

target grade for broilers. what happens if they dont reach this

Answer 59

A sold as processed chicken products

Question 60

roasters (3)

Answer 60

usually males 3.6kg live weight 8-9wks of age whole carcass

Question 61

number to sask turkey producers

Answer 61

11

Question 62

newly hatched turkey

Answer 62

poult

Question 63

juvenile male turkey

Answer 63

young tom

Question 64

juvenile female turkey

Answer 64

young turkey hen

Question 65

mature male turkey

Answer 65

turkey tom

Question 66

mature female turkey

Answer 66

turkey hen

Question 67

typical growth of turkey

Answer 67

20kg in 18 weeks

Question 68

how do turkeys reproduce

Answer 68

too large to have sex AI