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Ansc 212 > Digestive Physiology > Flashcards

Digestive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Key factor in delivering nutritional requirements

A

meeting requirements for the specific stage of production while also being cost effective

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2
Q

Digestion

A

breaking down large complexes into simpler molecules

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3
Q

Major complex molecules (3)

A

Proteins
fats
carbs

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4
Q

Herbivore

A

depend entirely on plants
sheep

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5
Q

carnivore

A

depend almost entirely on meat
wolf

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6
Q

omnivore

A

consume both meat and plants
swine

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7
Q

Monogastric

A

one stomach
human

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8
Q

Ruminants key feature and example species

A

4 stomachs
cattle

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9
Q

Pseudo-ruminants

A

missing omasum
llama

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10
Q

Functions (steps) of digestive tract (4)

A

Prehension
Mastication
Digestion/fermentation
Elimination

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11
Q

Parts of monogastric digestive tract (8)

A

Mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach(s)
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
accessory glands (salivary)

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12
Q

Prehension

A

harvesting fee into mouth using lips, teeth, tongue

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13
Q

Concentrate selectors

A

seek highly nutritious and digestible feed
deer

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14
Q

Grass roughage eaters

A

handle more fibrous diets, less selective, diet based
cattle

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15
Q

Enzyme in saliva to break down food

A

amaylase

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16
Q

Mastication
cattle vs chicken

A

mechanical reduction of particle size
cattle chew quickly and remasticate whereas chickens rely on grit in gizzard

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17
Q

Digestive system with limited ability to digest fiber

A

monogastric

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18
Q

Limited microbial activity type of GI system

A

monogastric

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19
Q

Break down mechanism in monogastric

A

enzymes
low pH

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20
Q

where are digestive enzymes secreted from?

A

pancreas

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21
Q

Parts of small intestine monogastric (and purpose)

A

Duodenum (chemical digestion)
Jejunum (physical mixing, digestion and absorption)
Ileum (primarily absorptive)

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22
Q

Where does limited microbial fermentation occur in monogastric systems

A

large intestines

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23
Q

Parts of large intestine monogastric (and purpose)

A

Cecum (microbial digestion)
Colon (water reabsorption)
Rectum (excretion of waste products)

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24
Q

Some functions of saliva

A

lubrication
enzymatic activity
nutrients for ruminant microorganisms
buffering capacity
antifoaming agent
antibodies

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25
Q

Rumination

A

happens when animal is resting
regurgitate ingesta
remastication

26
Q

Eructation

A

gases formed in fermentation being released

27
Q

Rumen is located on the left or right?

A

left

28
Q

Characteristic feature of rumen

A

papillae to increase SA

29
Q

Blood supply on rumen walls absorb ____

A

short chain fatty acids

30
Q

Functions of the rumen

A

major feed storage
digestion through anaerobic fermentation
microorganism habitat

31
Q

Why do ruminants have microbes?

A

microbes eat the feed the animal takes in, these microorganisms are what is providing energy for the animal. not the feed intake

32
Q

_______________ is the primary source of proteins for ruminants

A

bacterial growth

33
Q

Too much acid production in ruminants can cause

A

ruminal acidosis

34
Q

An example of something that would cause ruminal acidosis

A

grain overload

35
Q

which vitamins do microbes produce for ruminants

A

vitamin K and B

36
Q

What gases to microbes produce in ruminants

A

CO2 and CH4

37
Q

pH range of rumen

A

5.5-6.9

38
Q

Microbes provide energy and protein, what does the cow give the microbes

A

warmth
ground up food
anaerobic home

39
Q

How long does it take microbes to adapt to changes

A

3 weeks ish

40
Q

one thing regarding mastication that can mess with gut bugs

A

food particles being too large or too small

41
Q

Defining structure of the reticulum

A

honey comb structure

42
Q

purpose of the esophageal groove

A

muscular fold to allow milk to bypass the rumen to the abomasum in developing calves reliant on milk

43
Q

location of reticulum

A

forward, close to the heart

44
Q

shape of omasum

A

globe shaped

45
Q

How is the omasum compartmentalized

A

laminae

46
Q

what is the role of the omasum

A

squeezing and absorbing
SCFA, water, electrolytes, minerals

47
Q

Only compartment of the ruminant system with glands

A

abomasum

48
Q

acid and enzymatic digestion in cattle location

A

abomasum

49
Q

pH of abomasum

A

2-4

50
Q

Fiber mat in ruminants

A

stimulates rumen contractions, separated gas and liquid levels

51
Q

_________ can break down more complex carbohydrates

A

bacteria

52
Q

Parts of avial digestive tract (10)

A

mouth
esophagus
crop
proventriculus
gizzard
small intestine
ceca
large intestine
cloaca
vent

53
Q

Crop function

A

feed storage and moistening

54
Q

Proventriculus function

A

chemical breakdown

55
Q

Gizzard function

A

mechanical breakdown

56
Q

Avian small intestine function

A

enzymatic digestion and absorption

57
Q

Ceca function

A

essentially non functioning in poultry

58
Q

Avian large intestine funtion

A

bacterial activity, water absorption, waste storage

59
Q

Cloaca function

A

common GI and urinary chamber

60
Q

Vent function

A

common GI and urinary exit

61
Q
A

Ansc 212 (13 decks)

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