Organ Systems

Question 1

Muscle Constituents (2)

Answer 1

Protein and water

Question 2

___________________ are the building blocks of protein

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

Muscle is approx __% water

Answer 3

70

Question 4

Lean tissue is __________ to deposit than fat tissue

Answer 4

cheaper

Question 5

Carbs cal/g

Answer 5

4 cal/g

Question 6

Protein cal/g

Answer 6

4 cal/g

Question 7

Fat cal/g

Answer 7

9 cal/g

Question 8

Types of muscle tissue (3)

Answer 8

Skeletal (striated)
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 9

Striations are caused by

Answer 9

Actin (thin)
Myosin (thick)

Question 10

Muscle that is voluntary and striated

Answer 10

skeletal

Question 11

Skeletal muscle functions (4)

Answer 11

movement/work
maintain body temp
maintain posture
stabilize joints

Question 12

Extensor muscles cause

Answer 12

part to straighten

Question 13

Flexor muscles cause

Answer 13

part to bend

Question 14

Abductor muscles cause

Answer 14

part to move away from body

Question 15

Adductor muscles cause

Answer 15

part to move towards the body

Question 16

A, AA, AAA, B1-4 are all quality meat of

Answer 16

youthful cattle

Question 17

D1-4 or E are all quality meat of

Answer 17

mature cattle

Question 18

Meat yield is based on (4)

Answer 18

External fat depth
ribeye area
hot carcass weight
estimates kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH)

Question 19

Smooth muscle cells are __________ shaped containing a ______ nucleus

Answer 19

spindle
single

Question 20

smooth muscle contracts _______________ than other muscles

Answer 20

slower

Question 21

what muscles are involuntary

Answer 21

smooth and cardiac

Question 22

Why are muscles striated

Answer 22

to allow for quick and strong contraction

Question 23

Parts of the circulatory system (5)

Answer 23

heart
arteries
capillaries
veins
lymph system

Question 24

Function of the circulatory system

Answer 24

transport nutrients, waste products, gases, water and hormones
distribute heat

Question 25

heart to lungs type of circulation

Answer 25

pulmonary

Question 26

heart to body type of circulation

Answer 26

systemic

Question 27

Arteries characteristics (4)

Answer 27

carries blood away from heart (oxygenated) bright red high pressure no valves

Question 28

Veins (4)

Answer 28

carries blood towards the heart (non-oxygenated) dull red/blue low pressure valves to prevent backflow

Question 29

Functions of blood (6)

Answer 29

carries nutrients, waste, oxygen, and hormones transports heat contains buffers to maintain pH Osmotic control to provide fluid to tissue clotting mechanisms Disease control

Question 30

Buffy coat in blood is made of

Answer 30

white blood cells

Question 31

blood is made up of __-__% plasma and __-__% red blood cells and a small ________

Answer 31

50-60% 40-50% buffy coat

Question 32

Erthrocytes

Answer 32

red blood cells

Question 33

Leukocytes

Answer 33

white blood cells

Question 34

Thrombocytes

Answer 34

platlets

Question 35

Red blood cells are formed in ______________ and contain no ________ except in _________

Answer 35

Bone marrow nucleus birds

Question 36

Substance in blood that binds to oxygen

Answer 36

hemoglobin

Question 37

Nitrate poisoning

Answer 37

Nitrates interact with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin which reduces ability to transport O2, animal suffocates Caused by high nitrate levels in feed (plant stressors such as drought, frost, etc)

Question 38

Typical count for red blood cells

Answer 38

7 million / microliter

Question 39

typical count for white blood cells

Answer 39

7-10 thousand / microliter

Question 40

Cells not confined to blood

Answer 40

white blood cells

Question 41

where are white blood cells formed

Answer 41

bone marrow lymph glands

Question 42

Function of Neutrophils and monocytes

Answer 42

ingest and destroy bacteria

Question 43

Function of Eosinophils

Answer 43

control allergic and parasitic infections

Question 44

Function of Basophils

Answer 44

Role in allergic and inflammatory responses

Question 45

Types of Lymphocytes

Answer 45

T- cellular immunity (not antibody reliant) B- humoral immunity (passed down from mother)

Question 46

Types of WBC counts

Answer 46

Total WBC count (up- bacteria, down- virus) Somatic Cell Count in milk (health and milk quality index) Differential WBC count (# of each type)

Question 47

How do platelets work?

Answer 47

attaching to injuries in blood vessels and releasing chemicals to clot

Question 48

Fibrinogen

Answer 48

chemical necessary for clotting

Question 49

Primary function of the respiratory system

Answer 49

deliver oxygen to lungs to be exchanged with CO2

Question 50

Contraction of the diaphragm

Answer 50

moving down, pulls air in

Question 51

Relaxation of diaphragm

Answer 51

moving up, pushing air out

Question 52

What makes a lung collapse

Answer 52

a puncture of the thoracic cavity resulting in loss of vaccuum

Question 53

Structures of the urinary system (4)

Answer 53

kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra

Question 54

Three main parts of a nephron

Answer 54

glomerulus bowman's capsule tubule (proximal and distal, loop of henle)

Question 55

Functions of the kidney (6)

Answer 55

excretion of waste products water regulation pH maintenance regulate osmotic pressure regulate electrolyte levels recycle water and nutrients

Question 56

Hormones key for the kidneys

Answer 56

Antidiuretic (ADH) water regulation Aldosterone Na/K balance

Question 57

Somatic nervous system

Answer 57

muscle movement, info from ears, eyes, skin

Question 58

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 58

involuntary body functions

Question 59

Nerve cells are called

Answer 59

neurons

Question 60

axon

Answer 60

single long fiber

Question 61

dendrites

Answer 61

several branched threads

Question 62

each neuron has ___-______'s synaptic connections

Answer 62

100-1000s

Question 63

Cerebrum (3)

Answer 63

decision making center sensory and motor processing memory, learning, reasoning, judgement

Question 64

Cerebellum (1)

Answer 64

coordinator of muscle activity

Question 65

Thalamus (3)

Answer 65

Information relay station all information except smell sleep, wake, consciousness, learning and memory

Question 66

Brain stem (2)

Answer 66

Relays information Maintains homeostasis

Question 67

4 parts of brain stem and functions

Answer 67

Midbrain (eye movement) Pons (facial movement, hearing, balance) Medulla Oblongata (Breathing,, swallowing, blood pressure, heart rhythms) Spinal cord (connects brain and peripheral nervous system)

Question 68

Endocrine system is made up of ____________ glands

Answer 68

ductless

Question 69

Parts of the endocrine system (9)

Answer 69

hypothalamus pituitary thyroid parathyroid adrenal pineal pancreas ovaries testes

Question 70

Hypothalamus

Answer 70

maintains homeostasis control center

Question 71

pituitary

Answer 71

releases trophic hormones (stimulates other glands to produce hormones)

Question 72

Thyroid

Answer 72

metabolism

Question 73

Parathyroid

Answer 73

control of calcium levels

Question 74

Adrenal

Answer 74

metabolism, blood pressure, sexual development, stress

Question 75

Pineal

Answer 75

Sleep cycle

Question 76

Pancreas

Answer 76

Insulin glucagon somatostatin

Question 77

Ovaries/testes

Answer 77

sex hormones

Question 78

3 structures of hormones and examples

Answer 78

Proteins/polypeptides (insulin, growth hormone) Steroids (estrogen, cortisol) Modified amino acids (Thyroid hormones, catecholamines)

Question 79

access for microbial invasion (3)

Answer 79

intestine, respiratory, skin

Question 80

Innate immunity

Answer 80

physical barriers inflammatory response

Question 81

Adaptive immunity

Answer 81

long lasting "memory cells"