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Ansc 212 > Organ Systems > Flashcards

Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Constituents (2)

A

Protein and water

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2
Q

___________________ are the building blocks of protein

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

Muscle is approx __% water

A

70

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4
Q

Lean tissue is __________ to deposit than fat tissue

A

cheaper

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5
Q

Carbs cal/g

A

4 cal/g

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6
Q

Protein cal/g

A

4 cal/g

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7
Q

Fat cal/g

A

9 cal/g

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8
Q

Types of muscle tissue (3)

A

Skeletal (striated)
Smooth
Cardiac

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9
Q

Striations are caused by

A

Actin (thin)
Myosin (thick)

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10
Q

Muscle that is voluntary and striated

A

skeletal

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle functions (4)

A

movement/work
maintain body temp
maintain posture
stabilize joints

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12
Q

Extensor muscles cause

A

part to straighten

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13
Q

Flexor muscles cause

A

part to bend

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14
Q

Abductor muscles cause

A

part to move away from body

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15
Q

Adductor muscles cause

A

part to move towards the body

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16
Q

A, AA, AAA, B1-4 are all quality meat of

A

youthful cattle

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17
Q

D1-4 or E are all quality meat of

A

mature cattle

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18
Q

Meat yield is based on (4)

A

External fat depth
ribeye area
hot carcass weight
estimates kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH)

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19
Q

Smooth muscle cells are __________ shaped containing a ______ nucleus

A

spindle
single

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20
Q

smooth muscle contracts _______________ than other muscles

A

slower

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21
Q

what muscles are involuntary

A

smooth and cardiac

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22
Q

Why are muscles striated

A

to allow for quick and strong contraction

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23
Q

Parts of the circulatory system (5)

A

heart
arteries
capillaries
veins
lymph system

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24
Q

Function of the circulatory system

A

transport nutrients, waste products, gases, water and hormones
distribute heat

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25
Q

heart to lungs type of circulation

A

pulmonary

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26
Q

heart to body type of circulation

A

systemic

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27
Q

Arteries characteristics (4)

A

carries blood away from heart (oxygenated)
bright red
high pressure
no valves

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28
Q

Veins (4)

A

carries blood towards the heart (non-oxygenated)
dull red/blue
low pressure
valves to prevent backflow

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29
Q

Functions of blood (6)

A

carries nutrients, waste, oxygen, and hormones
transports heat
contains buffers to maintain pH
Osmotic control to provide fluid to tissue
clotting mechanisms
Disease control

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30
Q

Buffy coat in blood is made of

A

white blood cells

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31
Q

blood is made up of __-__% plasma and __-__% red blood cells and a small ________

A

50-60%
40-50%
buffy coat

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32
Q

Erthrocytes

A

red blood cells

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33
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

34
Q

Thrombocytes

A

platlets

35
Q

Red blood cells are formed in ______________ and contain no ________ except in _________

A

Bone marrow
nucleus
birds

36
Q

Substance in blood that binds to oxygen

A

hemoglobin

37
Q

Nitrate poisoning

A

Nitrates interact with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin which reduces ability to transport O2, animal suffocates
Caused by high nitrate levels in feed (plant stressors such as drought, frost, etc)

38
Q

Typical count for red blood cells

A

7 million / microliter

39
Q

typical count for white blood cells

A

7-10 thousand / microliter

40
Q

Cells not confined to blood

A

white blood cells

41
Q

where are white blood cells formed

A

bone marrow
lymph glands

42
Q

Function of Neutrophils and monocytes

A

ingest and destroy bacteria

43
Q

Function of Eosinophils

A

control allergic and parasitic infections

44
Q

Function of Basophils

A

Role in allergic and inflammatory responses

45
Q

Types of Lymphocytes

A

T- cellular immunity (not antibody reliant)
B- humoral immunity (passed down from mother)

46
Q

Types of WBC counts

A

Total WBC count (up- bacteria, down- virus)
Somatic Cell Count in milk (health and milk quality index)
Differential WBC count (# of each type)

47
Q

How do platelets work?

A

attaching to injuries in blood vessels and releasing chemicals to clot

48
Q

Fibrinogen

A

chemical necessary for clotting

49
Q

Primary function of the respiratory system

A

deliver oxygen to lungs to be exchanged with CO2

50
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm

A

moving down, pulls air in

51
Q

Relaxation of diaphragm

A

moving up, pushing air out

52
Q

What makes a lung collapse

A

a puncture of the thoracic cavity resulting in loss of vaccuum

53
Q

Structures of the urinary system (4)

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

54
Q

Three main parts of a nephron

A

glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
tubule (proximal and distal, loop of henle)

55
Q

Functions of the kidney (6)

A

excretion of waste products
water regulation
pH maintenance
regulate osmotic pressure
regulate electrolyte levels
recycle water and nutrients

56
Q

Hormones key for the kidneys

A

Antidiuretic (ADH) water regulation
Aldosterone Na/K balance

57
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

muscle movement, info from ears, eyes, skin

58
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary body functions

59
Q

Nerve cells are called

A

neurons

60
Q

axon

A

single long fiber

61
Q

dendrites

A

several branched threads

62
Q

each neuron has ___-______’s synaptic connections

A

100-1000s

63
Q

Cerebrum (3)

A

decision making center
sensory and motor processing
memory, learning, reasoning, judgement

64
Q

Cerebellum (1)

A

coordinator of muscle activity

65
Q

Thalamus (3)

A

Information relay station
all information except smell
sleep, wake, consciousness, learning and memory

66
Q

Brain stem (2)

A

Relays information
Maintains homeostasis

67
Q

4 parts of brain stem and functions

A

Midbrain (eye movement)
Pons (facial movement, hearing, balance)
Medulla Oblongata (Breathing,, swallowing, blood pressure, heart rhythms)
Spinal cord (connects brain and peripheral nervous system)

68
Q

Endocrine system is made up of ____________ glands

A

ductless

69
Q

Parts of the endocrine system (9)

A

hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pineal
pancreas
ovaries
testes

70
Q

Hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis
control center

71
Q

pituitary

A

releases trophic hormones (stimulates other glands to produce hormones)

72
Q

Thyroid

A

metabolism

73
Q

Parathyroid

A

control of calcium levels

74
Q

Adrenal

A

metabolism, blood pressure, sexual development, stress

75
Q

Pineal

A

Sleep cycle

76
Q

Pancreas

A

Insulin
glucagon
somatostatin

77
Q

Ovaries/testes

A

sex hormones

78
Q

3 structures of hormones and examples

A

Proteins/polypeptides (insulin, growth hormone)
Steroids (estrogen, cortisol)
Modified amino acids (Thyroid hormones, catecholamines)

79
Q

access for microbial invasion (3)

A

intestine, respiratory, skin

80
Q

Innate immunity

A

physical barriers
inflammatory response

81
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

long lasting “memory cells”

Ansc 212 (13 decks)

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