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Ansc 212 > Beef Production > Flashcards

Beef Production Flashcards

1
Q

single greatest varable food cost in beef production

A

feed

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2
Q

nutrients of concern (5)

A

energy
protein
minerals
vitamins
water!

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3
Q

literature for nutrition requirements of cattle

A

NRC 2000
NASEM 2016

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4
Q

profitability effectors (7)

A

fuel
drought
fertilizer
feed cost (predominant)
Market/prices (fluctuation)
% calf crop
feed efficiency (intake and productivity)

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5
Q

backgrounding

A

slow growth prior to finishing to grow skeleton rather than putting on mucle and fat

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6
Q

stocker

A

young pasture based animal

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7
Q

5 weight calf

A

500lbs calf

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8
Q

canadas beef industry is reliant on _________

A

exports

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9
Q

beef industry is concentrated in ____________ canada

A

western

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10
Q

largest stomach

A

rumen

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11
Q

cattle upgrade plants of ________ nutritional value to _____ quality protein

A

little
high

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12
Q

GHG of beef cattle can be ____________ back into the environment while ________ cannot

A

recycled
fossilfuels

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13
Q

VBP+ (5)

A

voluntary
market oriented
producer managed
on farm food safety program
upholds consumer confidence in products and practices

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14
Q

4 sectors of beef industry

A

cow calf
background/stocker
feedlot
packer

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15
Q

side sectors of the beef industry (3)

A

hay production
replacement heifers
pasture management

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16
Q

cow calf production (3)

A

lower cost of production
reliance on land parcels
forage and crop residue based diets

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17
Q

Backgrounding/stocker operations (3)

A

manage weaned calves (5m)
distribute supply of cattle for finishing throughout the year
grown to a desired gain before finishing

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18
Q

finishing operations(% cereal grain in diet)

A

confined feedlot finishing (85% cereal grains)

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19
Q

ADG yearling steers on grass

A

1.5-2lbs / day on pasture

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20
Q

cattle breeds vary by (5)

A

colour
carcass quality
behaviour
frame size
feed efficiency

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21
Q

highland cattle (3)

A

evolved in harsh climate
not great reproduction
only exhibit profitability compared to others in harsh climates

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22
Q

dominant breeds (5)

A

angus
simmental
hereford
charolais
limousin

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23
Q

frame size variation british vs continental

A

british small continental large

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24
Q

Angus (4)

A

polled
red and black
medium frame
mature early

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25
Q

Hereford (4)

A

red with white face and underline
medium frame
matures early
horned and polled

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26
Q

Charolais (4)

A

dilute red, tan,
large frame
matures later
horns or polled

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27
Q

Limousin (3)

A

medium size
red or black
horned or polled

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28
Q

Simmental (4)

A

dual purpose (meat and milk)
large frame
mature later
red and white, now black

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29
Q

Gelbvieh (3)

A

yellow, can be red/black
horned or polled
medium-large

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30
Q

Dexter (4)

A

black/red brown
very small
dwarfism if disproportional animals mate
dual purpose

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31
Q

Braunvieh (3)

A

brown cow
dual purpose
horned or polled

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32
Q

Galloway (3)

A

polled
black
medium size

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33
Q

Belgian Blue (3)

A

solid/roan/white
white heifer disease
double muscled

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34
Q

Pinzgauer (3)

A

colour sided oe lineback
triple purpose (meat, milk, draught)
polled

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35
Q

Speckled park (2)

A

developed in SK
shorthorn, angus, park pattern breed

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36
Q

Fullblood

A

only one breed in ancestry

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37
Q

purebred

A

born to registered parents

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38
Q

percentage animals/composites

A

many breeds graded up to some level

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38
Q

beef grade determines

A

price based on visual assessment

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38
Q

A grade

A

youthful cattle

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38
Q

Straightbred

A

purebred unregistered

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39
Q

B grade

A

no marbling

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40
Q

D grade

A

cows

41
Q

E grade

A

bulls

42
Q

grades that end up as sausage and ground beef

A

C and D

43
Q

which grade has the most marbling

A

Canada Prime

44
Q

Yield grade basis in the USA (4)

A

amount of external fat
amount of KPH fat
area of rib eye muscle
carcass weight

45
Q

Yield grade basis in Canada (3)

A

rib eye length
rib eye width
rib eye fat depth

46
Q

Dark cutting beef

A

2% of cattle downgraded to B or lower
stress or injury

47
Q

Sale options for weaned calves (4)

A

sale barns as groups
internet/video sales (manages risk)
forward contract (pre arranged price)
retail ownership in custom feedlot (receive %)

48
Q

Grid pricing

A

packing plant negotiates a grid pricing scheme with the owner based on grade of beef that comes in (kinda like crop marketing)

49
Q

heifers age bred

A

14-15 months

50
Q

CCIA 3 factors

A

animal identification
premise identification
animal movement

51
Q

all cattle leaving property must have

A

RFID CCIA tag

52
Q

Potential animal performance =

A

genetics + environment

53
Q

whatis Unit of cost production

A

cost per 100lbs calf weaned

54
Q

UCOP=

A

total cowherd cost/total lbs of calf weaned

55
Q

fertility traits are _______ heritible

A

lowly

56
Q

female fertility traits (6)

A

conception rate
calving interval
fetal survival
calving ease/birth weight
twinning
survival of calf to weaning

57
Q

why should you preg check

A

avoid feeding cows that will not profit over winter

58
Q

when do you preg check (2 methods)

A

30 days by ultrasound
60 days palpation

59
Q

USE clean up bull

A

bulls released 7-10 days after AI to catch any cows that didnt get pregnant

60
Q

male reproductive traits (3)

A

scrotal circumference
sperm count
sperm morphology

61
Q

when do bulls hit puberty

A

12-15 months

62
Q

when should bulls be born to sell as yearlings for breeding

A

January

63
Q

how does freezing impact sperm

A

damages stored sperm
wait >90 days post freeze to have regenerates healthy sperm

64
Q

Bull:Cow
Yearling bull: Cow
typical

A

1 bull-25-30 cows
1 yearling bull-15-20 cows

65
Q

Bull:Cow
Yearling bull: Cow
rangeland/rough terrain

A

1 bull-10/15 cows
1 yearling bull-10 cows

66
Q

natural service conception rate and live calf rate

A

90-98% conception
85% live calves

67
Q

AI conception rate

A

55-65%

68
Q

Gomer bull

A

vasectomized bull to detect cows in heat

69
Q

pre breeding bull evaluation

A

BSE: physical condition, reproductive structures, scrotal circumference, semen evaluation
labido is harder to measure

70
Q

adjusted 205d wean weight=

A

wean weight-birth weight / wean age

71
Q

weaning age days

A

160-250 days

72
Q

twins are approx. ____% of expected weight

A

75%

73
Q

performance traits are _________ heritiable

A

highly

74
Q

performance traits (4)

A

birth weight
weaning weight
post weaning gain
carcass quality

75
Q

average age of a beef cow at cull

A

5-7 years

76
Q

benefits and losses of keeping cows longer

A

benefit: lower overall production cost
loss: higher open/cull rates increase with age

77
Q

ancestor of european breeds

A

Bos Taurus

78
Q

ancestor of zebu (brahma breeds)

A

bos indicus

79
Q

Jan-feb

A

feed cows well to allow for fetal growth

80
Q

march-april

A

calving
feed well for milk production

81
Q

may-june

A

move pairs to pasture

82
Q

june-july

A

breeding season

83
Q

august-september

A

creep feed calves

84
Q

october

A

weaning
select and cull

85
Q

november-december

A

feed cost effective
gradually increase feed quality

86
Q

breeding season length of cows and heifers

A

cows- 63 days
heifers- 45 days

87
Q

Backgrounding ADG

A

0.7-1.1kg/d

88
Q

finishing ADG

A

1.4-1.8kg/d

89
Q

grass finish makes the fat ______

A

white

90
Q

grouping of calves in feedlot

A

size, body type, age

91
Q

options for branding (2)

A

hot
freeze

92
Q

dehorning methods (3)

A

caustic paste (<1month of age)
cutting (wire saw)
heat cauterization

93
Q

pain control must be used in dehorning after _______

A

horn bud attachment

94
Q

methods of castration

A

surgical (2-3months of age)
Elastrator ring (birth)
Burdizzo

95
Q

when must pain control be used for castration

A

> 6 months of age

96
Q

antibiotics must be used (2)

A

treat/prevent disease
subQ injection

97
Q

Ionophores

A

type of low grade antibiotic that acts as a coccidiostat
increases ADG
decreases ruminal acidosis and bloat

98
Q

Canada antibiotic usage guidelines

A

must be prescribed by vet

99
Q

hormones are used for

A

anabolic growth promoter

100
Q

hormones are used in __% of feedlot cattle making them consume __% less feed

A

90
15

101
Q

cow calf sale weight

A

225-270 kg

102
Q

backgrounding sale weight

A

360-430 kg

103
Q

finishing sale weight

A

450-630 kg

104
Q
A

Ansc 212 (13 decks)

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