Beef Production Flashcards by Sydney H

single greatest varable food cost in beef production

feed

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nutrients of concern (5)

energy
protein
minerals
vitamins
water!

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literature for nutrition requirements of cattle

NRC 2000
NASEM 2016

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profitability effectors (7)

fuel
drought
fertilizer
feed cost (predominant)
Market/prices (fluctuation)
% calf crop
feed efficiency (intake and productivity)

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backgrounding

slow growth prior to finishing to grow skeleton rather than putting on mucle and fat

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stocker

young pasture based animal

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5 weight calf

500lbs calf

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canadas beef industry is reliant on _________

exports

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beef industry is concentrated in ____________ canada

western

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largest stomach

rumen

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cattle upgrade plants of ________ nutritional value to _____ quality protein

little
high

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GHG of beef cattle can be ____________ back into the environment while ________ cannot

recycled
fossilfuels

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VBP+ (5)

voluntary
market oriented
producer managed
on farm food safety program
upholds consumer confidence in products and practices

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4 sectors of beef industry

cow calf
background/stocker
feedlot
packer

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side sectors of the beef industry (3)

hay production
replacement heifers
pasture management

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cow calf production (3)

lower cost of production
reliance on land parcels
forage and crop residue based diets

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Backgrounding/stocker operations (3)

manage weaned calves (5m)
distribute supply of cattle for finishing throughout the year
grown to a desired gain before finishing

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finishing operations(% cereal grain in diet)

confined feedlot finishing (85% cereal grains)

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ADG yearling steers on grass

1.5-2lbs / day on pasture

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cattle breeds vary by (5)

colour
carcass quality
behaviour
frame size
feed efficiency

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highland cattle (3)

evolved in harsh climate
not great reproduction
only exhibit profitability compared to others in harsh climates

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dominant breeds (5)

angus
simmental
hereford
charolais
limousin

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frame size variation british vs continental

british small continental large

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Angus (4)

polled
red and black
medium frame
mature early

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Hereford (4)

red with white face and underline medium frame matures early horned and polled

Charolais (4)

dilute red, tan, large frame matures later horns or polled

Limousin (3)

medium size red or black horned or polled

Simmental (4)

dual purpose (meat and milk) large frame mature later red and white, now black

Gelbvieh (3)

yellow, can be red/black horned or polled medium-large

Dexter (4)

black/red brown very small dwarfism if disproportional animals mate dual purpose

Braunvieh (3)

brown cow dual purpose horned or polled

Galloway (3)

polled black medium size

Belgian Blue (3)

solid/roan/white white heifer disease double muscled

Pinzgauer (3)

colour sided oe lineback triple purpose (meat, milk, draught) polled

Speckled park (2)

developed in SK shorthorn, angus, park pattern breed

Fullblood

only one breed in ancestry

purebred

born to registered parents

percentage animals/composites

many breeds graded up to some level

beef grade determines

price based on visual assessment

A grade

youthful cattle

Straightbred

purebred unregistered

B grade

no marbling

D grade

cows

E grade

bulls

grades that end up as sausage and ground beef

C and D

which grade has the most marbling

Canada Prime

Yield grade basis in the USA (4)

amount of external fat amount of KPH fat area of rib eye muscle carcass weight

Yield grade basis in Canada (3)

rib eye length rib eye width rib eye fat depth

Dark cutting beef

2% of cattle downgraded to B or lower stress or injury

Sale options for weaned calves (4)

sale barns as groups internet/video sales (manages risk) forward contract (pre arranged price) retail ownership in custom feedlot (receive %)

Grid pricing

packing plant negotiates a grid pricing scheme with the owner based on grade of beef that comes in (kinda like crop marketing)

heifers age bred

14-15 months

CCIA 3 factors

animal identification premise identification animal movement

all cattle leaving property must have

RFID CCIA tag

Potential animal performance =

genetics + environment

whatis Unit of cost production

cost per 100lbs calf weaned

UCOP=

total cowherd cost/total lbs of calf weaned

fertility traits are _______ heritible

lowly

female fertility traits (6)

conception rate calving interval fetal survival calving ease/birth weight twinning survival of calf to weaning

why should you preg check

avoid feeding cows that will not profit over winter

when do you preg check (2 methods)

30 days by ultrasound 60 days palpation

USE clean up bull

bulls released 7-10 days after AI to catch any cows that didnt get pregnant

male reproductive traits (3)

scrotal circumference sperm count sperm morphology

when do bulls hit puberty

12-15 months

when should bulls be born to sell as yearlings for breeding

January

how does freezing impact sperm

damages stored sperm wait >90 days post freeze to have regenerates healthy sperm

Bull:Cow Yearling bull: Cow typical

1 bull-25-30 cows 1 yearling bull-15-20 cows

Bull:Cow Yearling bull: Cow rangeland/rough terrain

1 bull-10/15 cows 1 yearling bull-10 cows

natural service conception rate and live calf rate

90-98% conception 85% live calves

AI conception rate

55-65%

Gomer bull

vasectomized bull to detect cows in heat

pre breeding bull evaluation

BSE: physical condition, reproductive structures, scrotal circumference, semen evaluation labido is harder to measure

adjusted 205d wean weight=

wean weight-birth weight / wean age

weaning age days

160-250 days

twins are approx. ____% of expected weight

75%

performance traits are _________ heritiable

highly

performance traits (4)

birth weight weaning weight post weaning gain carcass quality

average age of a beef cow at cull

5-7 years

benefits and losses of keeping cows longer

benefit: lower overall production cost loss: higher open/cull rates increase with age

ancestor of european breeds

Bos Taurus

ancestor of zebu (brahma breeds)

bos indicus

Jan-feb

feed cows well to allow for fetal growth

march-april

calving feed well for milk production

may-june

move pairs to pasture

june-july

breeding season

august-september

creep feed calves

october

weaning select and cull

november-december

feed cost effective gradually increase feed quality

breeding season length of cows and heifers

cows- 63 days heifers- 45 days

Backgrounding ADG

0.7-1.1kg/d

finishing ADG

1.4-1.8kg/d

grass finish makes the fat ______

white

grouping of calves in feedlot

size, body type, age

options for branding (2)

hot freeze

dehorning methods (3)

caustic paste (<1month of age) cutting (wire saw) heat cauterization

pain control must be used in dehorning after _______

horn bud attachment

methods of castration

surgical (2-3months of age) Elastrator ring (birth) Burdizzo

when must pain control be used for castration

>6 months of age

antibiotics must be used (2)

treat/prevent disease subQ injection

Ionophores

type of low grade antibiotic that acts as a coccidiostat increases ADG decreases ruminal acidosis and bloat

Canada antibiotic usage guidelines

must be prescribed by vet

hormones are used for

anabolic growth promoter

hormones are used in __% of feedlot cattle making them consume __% less feed

90 15

cow calf sale weight

225-270 kg

backgrounding sale weight

360-430 kg

finishing sale weight

450-630 kg