Swine Helminths

Question 1

what are the gastrointestinal helminths of swine?

Answer 1

nematodes
small intestine: ascrais suum, strongyloides sp
large intestine: trichuris suis
stomach: hyostrongylus

Question 2

what is the major gastrointestinal nematode in pigs?

Answer 2

ascaris suum

Question 3

what are the clinical signs of ascaris suum?

Answer 3

unthriftiness
weight loss or not gaining weight
coughing, rapid shallow breathing- “thumps”
colic

Question 4

true/false: ascaris suum eggs are hardy and sticky and difficult to get rid of

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what are the pathophysiology signs of ascaris suum?

Answer 5

L3, L4: migration:
liver: interstitial hepatitis, localized fibrotic area
lungs: hemorrhage, bronchitis, edema, pneumonia
L4: small intestine: catarrhal enteritis, rarely obstruction/perforation

Question 6

is ascaris suum zoonotic?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

is strongyloides ransomi zoonotic?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

how is strongyloides ransomi transmitted?

Answer 8

transmammary

Question 9

what are the clinical signs of strongyloides ransomi?

Answer 9

piglets: bloody diarrhea, emaciation, anemia, stunteted growth, death
adults: usually none

Question 10

what is the prepatent period of strongyloides ransomi?

Answer 10

2-4 days if transmammary
6 is skin or mucosal penetration

Question 11

what is the life cycle of strongyloides ransomi?

Answer 11

direct
alternates between free-living and parasitic

Question 12

what is the pathophysiology of strongyloides ransomi?

Answer 12

piglets especially
acute enteritis
pulmonary migration
+/- lesions from percutaneous or mucosal transmission

Question 13

what are the clinical signs of trichuris suis?

Answer 13

primarily 2-6mo piglets
diarrhea
anemia
weight loss

Question 14

what stage is infectious in pigs of trichuris suis?

Answer 14

L1

Question 15

what is the life cycle and prepatent period of trichuris suis?

Answer 15

direct
6-7 weeks

Question 16

where do hyostrongylus rubidus go in the body?

Answer 16

stomach

Question 17

what are the clinical signs and pathophysiology of hyostrongylus rubidus?

Answer 17

older swine on pasture
diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, wasting
larvae invade gastric glands, gastritis

Question 18

what are the clinical signs of metastrongylus spp?

Answer 18

cough, shallow breathing, anorexia
piglets worse

Question 19

what is the pathophysiology of metastrongylus spp?

Answer 19

alveolitis, bronchitis, possible tracts in liver

Question 20

what does stephanurus sp infect?

Answer 20

retroperitoneal tissues and kidneys, ureters

Question 21

what are the clinical signs of stephanurus sp?

Answer 21

anorexia
weight loss

Question 22

what is the pathophysiology of stephanurus sp?

Answer 22

inflammation
abscesses due to larval migration

Question 23

what cells do trichinella spiralis inhabit?

Answer 23

small intestine mucosa: females deposit prelarvae
prelarvae to blood stream to myocytes: “nurse cells”

Question 24

is trichinella spiralis zoonotic?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

what are the hosts of taenia solium?

Answer 25

swine are intermediate hosts humans are definitive hosts, accidental intermediate hosts

Question 26

what life cycle do taenia solium have?

Answer 26

predator-prey

Question 27

what parasites have an L1 infectious stage?

Answer 27

Trichuris suis Trichinella spiralis

Question 28

what are the respiratory helminths of swine?

Answer 28

Metastrongylus spp

Question 29

what are the urinary helminths of swine?

Answer 29

Stephanurus sp

Question 30

what are the musculoskeletal helminths of swine?

Answer 30

Trichinella spiralis Taenia spp

Question 31

what are the hosts of ascaris suum?

Answer 31

swine paratenic: earthworm, beetle

Question 32

you see "milk spots" on a liver of a pig on necropsy. what parasite(s) are you worried about?

Answer 32

Ascaris suum Stephanurus dentatus Metastrongylus does not migrate in liver extensively

Question 33

what can be used to treat Ascaris suum?

Answer 33

multiple options: fenbendazole, levamisole, pyrantel tartarate, ivermectin

Question 34

what can be used to treat Strongyloides ransomi?

Answer 34

benzimidazoles, avermectins, especially prior to farrowing

Question 35

what is the intermediate host of Metastrongylus spp?

Answer 35

earthworm

Question 36

how is Metastrongylus spp diagnosed?

Answer 36

eggs with L1 in feces necropsy: bronchial tree

Question 37

what is the life cycle of Stephanurus spp?

Answer 37

indirect earthworm

Question 38

what can a swine get from eating earthworms?

Answer 38

Stephanurus spp Metastrongylus spp Ascaris suum (paratenic)

Question 39

what is a parasite that has no signs in swine but does have signs in other species?

Answer 39

Trichinella spiralis Taenia solium maybe: swine IH, humans DH

Question 40

what swine parasites have no treatment?

Answer 40

Trichinella spiralis