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General Parasitology > Equine Parasitology > Flashcards

Equine Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the equine stomach worms?

A

Draschia megastoma
Habronema muscae
Habronema microstoma

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2
Q

what equine stomach worm causes the most severe lesions?

A

Draschia megastoma

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3
Q

what is the life cycle of the equine stomach worms?

A

indirect
intermediate host: muscid fly
L3 infective: swallowed to stomach and produce L1 or cutaneous lesions with immature larvae

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4
Q

what is the most common equine stomach worm?

A

Habronema muscae

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs of equine stomach worms?

A

usually none, can be gastritis
Draschia megastoma is rare: nodules of necrotic material and worms
if deposited in skin: cutaneous habronemiasis aka summer sores

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6
Q

what are the equine small intestinal worms?

A

Strongyloides westeri
Parascaris equorum

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7
Q

what is the life cycle of Strongyloides westeri?

A

direct but complex with free-living option
infectious L3 penetrate skin or transmammary

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8
Q

what does Strongyloides westeri cause?

A

small intestinal enteritis and diarrhea
skin irritation
“frenzied behavior”
foals affected primarily

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9
Q

how can you prevent Strongyloides westeri from being transmitted to a foal?

A

ivermectin to mare within 24 hours after foaling

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10
Q

what is the life cycle of Parascaris equorum?

A

direct
infective L2 within egg
hatch in gut, migrate to liver to lung
L3 up to trachea and swallowed, mature fully in small intestine

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs of Parascaris equorum?

A

larval migration: fibrous tissue in liver, coughing, nasal discharge
small intestine: weight loss, hyporexia, decreased albumin, death due to impaction
nursing and weaned foals less than a year old

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12
Q

what are the equine large intestinal worms?

A

large strongyles
small strongyles
Oxyuris equi

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13
Q

what are the species of large strongyles?

A

Strongylus vulgaris
Strongylus edentatus
Strongylus equinus

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14
Q

what is the life cycle of Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

indirect
intermediate host: Oribatid (forage) mite

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15
Q

where does Anoplocephala perfoliata attach?

A

ileocecal junction

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16
Q

what are the clinical signs of Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

usually none
damage to intestinal mucosa can lead to: ileal impaction, spasmodic colic, cecal intussusception and rupture
large numbers can obstruct bowel

17
Q

how do you treat Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

praziquantel or pyrantel pamoate at a double dose

18
Q

what is the life cycle of the large strongyles?

A

direct
L3 larvae infective and ingested
migrate via vasculature in abdomen
return to cecum once mature

19
Q

where does Strongylus vulgaris migrate?

A

cranial mesenteric artery and its branches

20
Q

what are the clinical signs of the large strongyles (general)?

A

unthriftiness
lethargy
anemia
hypoproteinemia
dependent edema
diarrhea

21
Q

how do the clinical signs of the large strongyles differ between species?

A

Strongylus vulgaris: fatal infarction of bowel, damaged vascular endothelium leads to arteritis, thrombosis, embolism of artery
Strongylus edentates: relatively harmless because migration confined to liver
Strongylus equinus: relatively harmless because migration confined to liver and pancreas

22
Q

what is the most numerous parasite of the horse?

A

small strongyles

23
Q

what is the life cycle of the small strongyles?

A

direct
no migration
larvae can undergo hypobiosis within nodules in GI tract

24
Q

what are the clinical signs of the small strongyles?

A

usually harmless unless heavily parasitized
irritation/inflammation if nodules erupt all at once: unthriftiness, lethargy, anemia, hypoproteinemia, dependent edema, diarrhea

25
Q

how do you treat small strongyles?

A

double dose panacur to get nodules too

26
Q

what are Oxyuris equi?

A

equine pinworms

27
Q

what is the life cycle of Oxyuris equi?

A

egg of L3 are ingested
larvae emerge and go to large intestine
adults females to anus and lay eggs on perianal skin

28
Q

what are the clinical signs of Oxyuris equi?

A

heavily infected: nervous and lose appetite
rubbing/scratching on perianal region: irritation, dull hair coat, loss of hair on tail
ulceration in intestine

29
Q

how is Oxyuris equi diagnosed?

A

scotch tape test

30
Q

what worms infect the respiratory system of equines?

A

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

31
Q

what is the life cycle of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi?

A

direct
primary host is donkeys but also horses
L3 larvae infective, penetrate GI mucosa and migrate via lymphatics and vasculature to lungs
mature in bronchioles and bronchi
eggs and/or larvae are swallowed and passed in stool

32
Q

what are the clinical signs of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi?

A

pulmonary disease: chronic, nonsuppurative, eosinophilic, granulomatous pneumonia
coughing, dyspnea, unthriftiness, exercise intolerance, death
donkey: no signs, can handle higher worm burden

33
Q

where does Thelazia lacrymalis infect?

A

eyes

34
Q

what is the life cycle of Thelazia lacrymalis?

A

indirect
intermediate host: muscoid flies (face fly and house fly)
L3 larvae infective, deposited in ocular mucosa
eggs ingested by flies, mature to L3 larvae in ovarian follicles of fly

35
Q

what are the species of Onchocerca and what do they infect?

A

Onchocerca cervicalis
Onchocerca reticulata
Onchocerca railliti
integument

36
Q

what is the life cycle of Onchocerca?

A

indirect
intermediate: black fly
infective L3 to subcutaneous tissue, L1 migrate distally
L1 picked up by fly when feeding

37
Q

where does Onchocerca reticulate affect?

A

connective tissue of distal limb

38
Q

where does Onchocerca cervicalis affect?

A

connective tissue of nuchal ligament

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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