Helminths of Small Animals III

Question 1

where and who do Dirofilaria immitis infect?

Answer 1

heartworm
dogs, cats, ferrets, rarely humans
intermediate host: mosquito

Question 2

what life cycle does Dirofilaria immitis have and what stage is infective?

Answer 2

indirect
L3

Question 3

summarize the life cycle of Dirofilaria immitis

Answer 3

mosquito feeds, ingesting larvae
larvae mature to L3
L3 deposited, mature to L4 in subcutaneous tissue then migrate and mature to sexually immature adults
worms migrate to heart/lungs, mature in pulmonary artery

Question 4

what is the pathology of Dirofilaria immitis?

Answer 4

obstruction pulmonary arteries
progressive pulmonary endarteritis and fibrosis
right heart failure due to chronic pulmonary hypertension
vena cava syndrome

Question 5

what are the clinical signs of Dirofilaria immitis?

Answer 5

cough
exercise intolerance
weight loss
ascites
death

Question 6

what animal(s) does Dipetalonema reconditum infect and are there intermediate hosts?

Answer 6

dogs
yes: Ctenocephalides felis flea and Heterodoxus spiniger lice

Question 7

what are the hosts of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 7

definitive: dogs, cats, raccoons, mink, foxes, skunks
intermediate: copepods
paretenic: frogs can harbor L3 larvae (infective)

Question 8

what is the pathology of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 8

migration GI to SQ to skin for female
exteriorizes her posterior
L1 larvae released into water

Question 9

what are the clinical signs of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 9

dermal ulceration
vizualization

Question 10

summarize the life cycle of Filaroides osleri

Answer 10

L1 larvae ingested
larvae travel via blood or lymphatics to lungs
adults reside in large airway nodules
larvae coughed up and swallowed

Question 11

what is the host of Filaroides osleri?

Answer 11

dog

Question 12

what are the clinical signs and pathology of Filaroides osleri?

Answer 12

coughing, dyspnea, stridor, emaciation, anorexia
bronchitis, nodule formation in trachea/major bronchi

Question 13

summarize the life cycle of Capillaria aerophila

Answer 13

adult females lay eggs in lungs, which are coughed up and swallowed
eggs passed in feces, then are infective eggs in 5-7 weeks (L1)
host eats infective eggs and they hatch in intestines and migrate to lungs

Question 14

what are the hosts of Capillaria aerophila?

Answer 14

dog, cat, fox and other wild mammals

Question 15

what is the prepatent period of Capillaria aerophila?

Answer 15

40 days

Question 16

what is the pathology of Capillaria aerophila?

Answer 16

local tracheal and bronchial irritation

Question 17

what are the clinical signs of Capillaria aerophila?

Answer 17

usually incidental
maybe chronic cough and nasal discharge

Question 18

summarize the life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Answer 18

eggs produced hatch in lungs, then out in feces
ingested larvae penetrate mucosa in intestine, migrate in blood to lungs
alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles 8-9 days after infection

Question 19

what is the life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

Answer 19

indirect
L3 infective, L1 passed in feces

Question 20

what are the hosts of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

Answer 20

definitive: cat
intermediate: snails, slugs
paratenic: birds, rodents, amphibians, reptiles

Question 21

what is the prepatent period of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

Answer 21

6 weeks

Question 22

what are the pathology and clinical signs of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

Answer 22

eggs in lung parenchyma
usually none, but maybe chronic cough or dyspnea

Question 23

how is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus diagnosed?

Answer 23

washes best
radiographs
Bauermann
direct fecal

Question 24

how is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus treated?

Answer 24

fenbendazole or ivermectin

Question 25

who does Paragonimus kellicotti affect?

Answer 25

those that eat raw crayfish dogs cats humans

Question 26

summarize the life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti

Answer 26

indirect eggs in feces, hatch in water miracidium penetrate snail: intermediate host cercaria infect crayfish: second intermediate host metacercarial form infective

Question 27

what are the clinical signs of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 27

coughing malaise fever pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 28

what is the pathway for Paragonimus kellicotti inside the body?

Answer 28

penetrate intestinal tract migrate to peritoneal cavity penetrate lungs, pair up

Question 29

who and where do Pearsonema plica infect?

Answer 29

cat, dog, many wild animals bladder

Question 30

summarize the life cycle of Pearsonema plica

Answer 30

eggs shed in urine L1 in eggs ingested by earthworm and hatch earthworm ingested: L2 burrow through intestinal wall and molt into L3 L3 migrate through circulation to kidneys to urinary bladder reproduce sexually in urinary bladder

Question 31

what are the pathology and clinical signs of Pearsonema plica?

Answer 31

bladder irritation and inflammation usually asymptomatic, but maybe cystitis, stranguria, pollakiuria, incontinence

Question 32

what are the life cycle and hosts of Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 32

indirect definitive: dogs and other carnivores- mink- pass unembryonated eggs in urine intermediate: earthworm- L3 infective paretenic: fish, frogs

Question 33

what is the path of Dioctophyme renale in the body?

Answer 33

L3 through gastric wall to liver to kidney- usually right

Question 34

what are the clinical signs and pathology of Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 34

usually none, if both kidney infected: uremia, peritonitis if renal capsule ruptures necrosis destroys kidney parenchyma

Question 35

is Thelazia californiensis zoonotic?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

what are the hosts of Thelazia californiensis?

Answer 36

definitive: deer, dog, cat, sheep, human intermediate: diptera

Question 37

summarize the life cycle of Thelazia californiensis

Answer 37

indirect female produces L1 in conjunctival sac flies consume L1 to L3 in fly L3 escapes to orbit of definitive host when fly feeds no migration

Question 38

which parasites in this lecture have an L1 infective stage?

Answer 38

Filaroides osleri Capillaria aerophila

Question 39

how is Dirofilaria immitis diagnosed?

Answer 39

blood antigen detection antibody detection radiography echocardiography necropsy