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General Parasitology > Helminths of Small Animals I > Flashcards

Helminths of Small Animals I Flashcards

1
Q

who do toxocara infect?

A

dogs
cats

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2
Q

who do ascaris infect?

A

pigs
people

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3
Q

where in the body do ascarididae reside?

A

small intestine

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4
Q

what animal(s) do Ascaris suum infect?

A

pigs

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5
Q

true/false: Ascaris suum have an indirect life cycle

A

false: direct

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6
Q

summarize the life cycle of Ascaris suum

A

infective eggs ingested
hatch in small intestine
L3 migrate intravascularly to liver, heart, lungs
burrow into bronchioles and migrate up
swallowed and mature and mate in small intestine

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7
Q

what animal(s) do Parascaris equorum infect?

A

horses

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8
Q

what animal(s) do Toxocara canis infect?

A

dogs
zoonotic

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9
Q

how does the life cycle/infection of Toxocara canis differ from that of Ascaris suum?

A

third stage larvae live in somatic tissues
transmammary and transplacental infection to pups
infection can occur by ingestion of paratenic hosts

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10
Q

what can migrating larvae impact?

A

viscera
eye
nervous system

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs of Toxocara canis?

A

not likely in older dogs
puppies: noisy breathing, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, stunted growth rate, distended abdomen
abdominal discomfort
death rarely due to obstruction/perforation
same in Toxocara cati

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12
Q

what is a way to identify Toxocara canis using a microscope?

A

cervical alae (clear cuticular flanges anterior end)

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13
Q

how can Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati be confirmed?

A

eggs in feces

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14
Q

how does transmission of Toxocara cati differ from Toxocare canis?

A

no transplacental transmission in cats

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15
Q

how can cats be infected with Toxocara cati?

A

ingest infective eggs
transmammary route
paratenic host

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16
Q

how can Toxocara cati be identified using a microscope?

A

cervical alae are broad and end abruptly

17
Q

how can Toxocara canis be treated to keep newborn puppies from getting it?

A

dose bitch starting 3 weeks before and ending 3 weeks after birthing with fenbendazole

18
Q

what animal(s) does Toxoscaris leonina infect?

A

dogs and cats

19
Q

what other worm is Toxoscaris leonina similar to morphologically as an adult?

A

Toxocara canis: similar cervical alae

20
Q

summarize the life cycle of Toxoscaris leonina

A

ingest eggs or L2 larvae (dogs) or paratenic host (cats)
larvae to mature adult in small intestine: no migratory phase

21
Q

what are the clinical signs of Toxoscaris leonina?

A

not serious in light infections
heavier: diarrhea, dehydration, poor health, rarely death

22
Q

how can Toxoscaris leonina be identified in feces?

A

eggs: thick, smooth outer shell, with empty space inside of egg

23
Q

what animal(s) do Baylisascaris procyonis infect?

A

raccoons are host
zoonotic

24
Q

summarize the life cycle of Baylisascaris procyonis

A

ingest eggs
larvae hatch and enter wall of small intestine
develop to adult worms in small bowel

25
Q

what makes infection of Baylisascaris procyonis so pathogenic?

A

large and highly neurotropic
fatal nervous system disease

26
Q

what are Baylisascaris procyonis’ diagnostic features?

A

prominent lateral alae
excretory columns

27
Q

how does Nanophyetus salmincola make organisms sick?

A

bacteria called Neorickettsia helminotheca: gram-negative in Anaplasmataceae family

28
Q

how is Nanophyetus salmincola transmitted?

A

eating undercooked/raw salmon, trout, pacific giant salamander

29
Q

how is salmon poisoning disease treated and what are the clinical signs?

A

tetracyclines and praziquantel, albendazole, fenbendazole
high fever, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, death 7-10 days

30
Q

what parasites can cause visceral larva migrans?

A

Toxocara canis
Ascaris suum
Toxocara cati

31
Q

what parasite causes fatal central nervous system disease?

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

32
Q

what is the treatment for Baylisascaris procyonis in incidental hosts?

A

none, but anthelminthics may slow

33
Q

what causes enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, weight loss, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea?

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca
disseminates in blood and lymph to lymphoid tissues

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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