Protozoa 1

Question 1

what describes protozoa?

Answer 1

unicellular
eukaryotic
specialized organelles

Question 2

how many species of protozoa are there?

Answer 2

about 65,000

Question 3

are most protozoa free-living or not?

Answer 3

free-living

Question 4

how does the phylum Heterolobosea locomote?

Answer 4

pseudopodia

Question 5

what is in the phylum Heterolobosea?

Answer 5

amoebas

Question 6

how does the phylum Heterolobosea get nutrition?

Answer 6

endocytosis

Question 7

how do Heterolobosea (amoebas) reproduce?

Answer 7

binary fission

Question 8

what is a family of Heterolobosea (amoebas) that is not free-living?

Answer 8

Entamoeba spp

Question 9

what is the life cycle of Entamoeba spp?

Answer 9

direct
cyst ingested

Question 10

after an Entamoeba spp is ingested, how many trophozoites emerge?

Answer 10

8

Question 11

describe an Entamoeba histolytica cyst

Answer 11

spherical
1-4 nuclei: ring and dot chromatin
distinct cyst wall
10-20 micrometers in diameter
infectious

Question 12

describe an Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

Answer 12

motile, dividing, phagocytic
pseudopodia
1 nucleus
20-30 micrometers in diameter
food vacuoles

Question 13

how do you diagnose Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 13

cysts in stool
fecal flotation
serology
trophozoites may be present in diarrhea

Question 14

who does Entamoeba histolytica infect?

Answer 14

primates
dogs
pigs

Question 15

what is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 15

metronidazole

Question 16

what are some flagellated protozoa?

Answer 16

giardia
histomonas
tritrichomonas
trichomonas
trypanosoma
leishmania

Question 17

describe Parabasalia and Diplomonads

Answer 17

flagellates
flagellated protozoa
sometimes highly motile
binary fission
mostly parasitic

Question 18

what is the life cycle of Parabasalia and Diplomonads?

Answer 18

direct

Question 19

what is the life cycle of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 19

direct
cyst-trophozoite

Question 20

what is the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 20

zoonotic
waterborne, fecal-oral cysts frequent in dogs/domestic animals

Question 21

what is the pathology of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 21

trophozoites lead to diarrhea
asymptomatic carriers

Question 22

what is in a Giardia lamblia cyst?

Answer 22

4 x 2n

Question 23

what is in a Giardia lamblia trophozoite?

Answer 23

2 x 2n

Question 24

who can Giardia lamblia infect?

Answer 24

dogs (kennels)
cats

Question 25

what is the public health significance of Giardia lamblia?

Answer 25

immune compromised backpackers children

Question 26

how do you treat Giardia lamblia?

Answer 26

metronidazole fenbendazole

Question 27

what can you use metronidazole to treat?

Answer 27

anaerobic bacteria Giardia Trichomonas Entamoeba

Question 28

how are Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

Answer 28

direct transmission by coitus no cyst stage

Question 29

describe Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 29

trophozoites 15-20 micrometers multiple flagella undulating membrane

Question 30

how can you identify Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 30

microscopic examination of vaginal secretion: trophozoites visible

Question 31

who does tritrichomonas foetus infect? what is the common name?

Answer 31

bovine: bovine genital trichomonosis feline: feline trichomonal diarrhea

Question 32

what are the clinical signs of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?

Answer 32

vaginitis early abortion endometritis pyometra asymptomatic in bulls

Question 33

how is feline trichomonosis diagnosed?

Answer 33

young cat from shelter or cattery chronic waxing and waning, large bowel diarrhea, malodorous normal appetite trophozoites observed in species unresponsive to treatment for Giardia spp direct culture PCR

Question 34

what does Histomonas meleagridis cause?

Answer 34

blackhead or infectious enterohepatitis

Question 35

what are the histopathologic signs of Histomonas meleagridis?

Answer 35

small raised ulcers in cecal wall ulcers enlarge and involve most of cecal mucosa mucosa thickens, becoming necrotic cecum contains hard, caseous core

Question 36

can Histomonas meleagridis go to the liver?

Answer 36

yes, histomonads can be carried to liver

Question 37

what are some more prevalent species of heterolobosea?

Answer 37

Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba dispar Entamoeba moshkovskii Naegleira fowleri

Question 38

who does Entamoeba histolytica impact?

Answer 38

primates dogs pigs

Question 39

how do you treat Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 39

metronidazole

Question 40

how is Giardia lamblia treated?

Answer 40

metronidazole fenbendazole albendazole quanacrine

Question 41

describe the impact of Histomonas meleagridis?

Answer 41

small raised ulcers in cecal wall enlarge, coalesce mucosa thickens and becomes necrotic cecum contains hard, caseous core histomonads may be carried to liver