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General Parasitology > Protozoa 1 > Flashcards

Protozoa 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what describes protozoa?

A

unicellular
eukaryotic
specialized organelles

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2
Q

how many species of protozoa are there?

A

about 65,000

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3
Q

are most protozoa free-living or not?

A

free-living

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4
Q

how does the phylum Heterolobosea locomote?

A

pseudopodia

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5
Q

what is in the phylum Heterolobosea?

A

amoebas

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6
Q

how does the phylum Heterolobosea get nutrition?

A

endocytosis

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7
Q

how do Heterolobosea (amoebas) reproduce?

A

binary fission

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8
Q

what is a family of Heterolobosea (amoebas) that is not free-living?

A

Entamoeba spp

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9
Q

what is the life cycle of Entamoeba spp?

A

direct
cyst ingested

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10
Q

after an Entamoeba spp is ingested, how many trophozoites emerge?

A

8

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11
Q

describe an Entamoeba histolytica cyst

A

spherical
1-4 nuclei: ring and dot chromatin
distinct cyst wall
10-20 micrometers in diameter
infectious

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12
Q

describe an Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

A

motile, dividing, phagocytic
pseudopodia
1 nucleus
20-30 micrometers in diameter
food vacuoles

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13
Q

how do you diagnose Entamoeba histolytica?

A

cysts in stool
fecal flotation
serology
trophozoites may be present in diarrhea

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14
Q

who does Entamoeba histolytica infect?

A

primates
dogs
pigs

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15
Q

what is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

metronidazole

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16
Q

what are some flagellated protozoa?

A

giardia
histomonas
tritrichomonas
trichomonas
trypanosoma
leishmania

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17
Q

describe Parabasalia and Diplomonads

A

flagellates
flagellated protozoa
sometimes highly motile
binary fission
mostly parasitic

18
Q

what is the life cycle of Parabasalia and Diplomonads?

A

direct

19
Q

what is the life cycle of Giardia lamblia?

A

direct
cyst-trophozoite

20
Q

what is the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia?

A

zoonotic
waterborne, fecal-oral cysts frequent in dogs/domestic animals

21
Q

what is the pathology of Giardia lamblia?

A

trophozoites lead to diarrhea
asymptomatic carriers

22
Q

what is in a Giardia lamblia cyst?

A

4 x 2n

23
Q

what is in a Giardia lamblia trophozoite?

A

2 x 2n

24
Q

who can Giardia lamblia infect?

A

dogs (kennels)
cats

25
Q

what is the public health significance of Giardia lamblia?

A

immune compromised
backpackers
children

26
Q

how do you treat Giardia lamblia?

A

metronidazole
fenbendazole

27
Q

what can you use metronidazole to treat?

A

anaerobic bacteria
Giardia
Trichomonas
Entamoeba

28
Q

how are Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

direct transmission by coitus
no cyst stage

29
Q

describe Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis

A

trophozoites 15-20 micrometers
multiple flagella
undulating membrane

30
Q

how can you identify Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

microscopic examination of vaginal secretion: trophozoites visible

31
Q

who does tritrichomonas foetus infect? what is the common name?

A

bovine: bovine genital trichomonosis
feline: feline trichomonal diarrhea

32
Q

what are the clinical signs of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?

A

vaginitis
early abortion
endometritis
pyometra
asymptomatic in bulls

33
Q

how is feline trichomonosis diagnosed?

A

young cat from shelter or cattery
chronic waxing and waning, large bowel diarrhea, malodorous
normal appetite
trophozoites observed in species unresponsive to treatment for Giardia spp
direct
culture
PCR

34
Q

what does Histomonas meleagridis cause?

A

blackhead or infectious enterohepatitis

35
Q

what are the histopathologic signs of Histomonas meleagridis?

A

small raised ulcers in cecal wall
ulcers enlarge and involve most of cecal mucosa
mucosa thickens, becoming necrotic
cecum contains hard, caseous core

36
Q

can Histomonas meleagridis go to the liver?

A

yes, histomonads can be carried to liver

37
Q

what are some more prevalent species of heterolobosea?

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Naegleira fowleri

38
Q

who does Entamoeba histolytica impact?

A

primates
dogs
pigs

39
Q

how do you treat Entamoeba histolytica?

A

metronidazole

40
Q

how is Giardia lamblia treated?

A

metronidazole
fenbendazole
albendazole
quanacrine

41
Q

describe the impact of Histomonas meleagridis?

A

small raised ulcers in cecal wall
enlarge, coalesce
mucosa thickens and becomes necrotic
cecum contains hard, caseous core
histomonads may be carried to liver

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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