Protozoa 1 Flashcards
what describes protozoa?
unicellular
eukaryotic
specialized organelles
how many species of protozoa are there?
about 65,000
are most protozoa free-living or not?
free-living
how does the phylum Heterolobosea locomote?
pseudopodia
what is in the phylum Heterolobosea?
amoebas
how does the phylum Heterolobosea get nutrition?
endocytosis
how do Heterolobosea (amoebas) reproduce?
binary fission
what is a family of Heterolobosea (amoebas) that is not free-living?
Entamoeba spp
what is the life cycle of Entamoeba spp?
direct
cyst ingested
after an Entamoeba spp is ingested, how many trophozoites emerge?
8
describe an Entamoeba histolytica cyst
spherical
1-4 nuclei: ring and dot chromatin
distinct cyst wall
10-20 micrometers in diameter
infectious
describe an Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
motile, dividing, phagocytic
pseudopodia
1 nucleus
20-30 micrometers in diameter
food vacuoles
how do you diagnose Entamoeba histolytica?
cysts in stool
fecal flotation
serology
trophozoites may be present in diarrhea
who does Entamoeba histolytica infect?
primates
dogs
pigs
what is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?
metronidazole
what are some flagellated protozoa?
giardia
histomonas
tritrichomonas
trichomonas
trypanosoma
leishmania
describe Parabasalia and Diplomonads
flagellates
flagellated protozoa
sometimes highly motile
binary fission
mostly parasitic
what is the life cycle of Parabasalia and Diplomonads?
direct
what is the life cycle of Giardia lamblia?
direct
cyst-trophozoite
what is the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia?
zoonotic
waterborne, fecal-oral cysts frequent in dogs/domestic animals
what is the pathology of Giardia lamblia?
trophozoites lead to diarrhea
asymptomatic carriers
what is in a Giardia lamblia cyst?
4 x 2n
what is in a Giardia lamblia trophozoite?
2 x 2n
who can Giardia lamblia infect?
dogs (kennels)
cats
what is the public health significance of Giardia lamblia?
immune compromised
backpackers
children
how do you treat Giardia lamblia?
metronidazole
fenbendazole
what can you use metronidazole to treat?
anaerobic bacteria
Giardia
Trichomonas
Entamoeba
how are Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
direct transmission by coitus
no cyst stage
describe Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis
trophozoites 15-20 micrometers
multiple flagella
undulating membrane
how can you identify Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis?
microscopic examination of vaginal secretion: trophozoites visible
who does tritrichomonas foetus infect? what is the common name?
bovine: bovine genital trichomonosis
feline: feline trichomonal diarrhea
what are the clinical signs of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
vaginitis
early abortion
endometritis
pyometra
asymptomatic in bulls
how is feline trichomonosis diagnosed?
young cat from shelter or cattery
chronic waxing and waning, large bowel diarrhea, malodorous
normal appetite
trophozoites observed in species unresponsive to treatment for Giardia spp
direct
culture
PCR
what does Histomonas meleagridis cause?
blackhead or infectious enterohepatitis
what are the histopathologic signs of Histomonas meleagridis?
small raised ulcers in cecal wall
ulcers enlarge and involve most of cecal mucosa
mucosa thickens, becoming necrotic
cecum contains hard, caseous core
can Histomonas meleagridis go to the liver?
yes, histomonads can be carried to liver
what are some more prevalent species of heterolobosea?
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Naegleira fowleri
who does Entamoeba histolytica impact?
primates
dogs
pigs
how do you treat Entamoeba histolytica?
metronidazole
how is Giardia lamblia treated?
metronidazole
fenbendazole
albendazole
quanacrine
describe the impact of Histomonas meleagridis?
small raised ulcers in cecal wall
enlarge, coalesce
mucosa thickens and becomes necrotic
cecum contains hard, caseous core
histomonads may be carried to liver
