Ectoparasites 1

Question 1

what is the life cycle of Ctenocephalides felis?

Answer 1

21 days
adults to eggs to larvae to pupae to adults

Question 2

what does the life cycle of Ctenocephalides felis depend on?

Answer 2

environment temperature and relative humidity

Question 3

do fleas need to continuously feed for mating?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what is the most important ectoparasite of dogs and cats worldwide?

Answer 4

Ctenocephalides felis

Question 5

what are the impacts on the host health from Ctenocephalides felis?

Answer 5

vector-borne diseases- zoonotic
irritation
hypersensitivity
anemia

Question 6

what can dogs and cats get from fleas?

Answer 6

Dipylidium caninum
Acanthocheilonema reconditum

Question 7

what types of hypersensitivity is flea bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 7

Type I
Type IV

Question 8

is flea bite hypersensitivity common?

Answer 8

one of most common hypersensitivities in dogs/cats

Question 9

what is the allergen in flea bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 9

flea saliva allergen 18kD in dogs

Question 10

is flea bite hypersensitivity associated with other allergies?

Answer 10

often, yes

Question 11

what feline skin reaction patterns can be seen with allergies?

Answer 11

self-induced alopecia
miliary dermatitis
eosinophilic dermatitis and granuloma
head and neck pruritus

Question 12

where are lesions from flea bite hypersensitivity usually seen on the dog?

Answer 12

dorsal caudal around back legs
neck
inguinal area

Question 13

what are the lesions seen in dogs with flea bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 13

acute: erythematous macules, papules, crusted papules, hot spots
chronic: self-induced alopecia, lichenification, hyperpigmentation

Question 14

where do you see lesions from flea bite hypersensitivity on cats?

Answer 14

head
inguinal area
tail and base of tail

Question 15

what is an unusual result of flea bite hypersensitivity in cats?

Answer 15

eosinophilic granuloma

Question 16

what are the different eosinophilic presentations for cats with fleas?

Answer 16

eosinophilic granuloma
eosinophilic plaques
eosinophilic dermatitis

Question 17

what are some diagnostic tests for ectoparasites?

Answer 17

flea combing +/- wet paper +/- microscope slide
acetate tape cytology
impression smear cytology
fecal floatation
therapeutic trial

Question 18

what is the differential diagnostics list for an animal presenting with possible fleas?

Answer 18

ectoparasites
allergies
neoplasia
infections

Question 19

are flea combs sensitive?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

is acetate tape impression cytology sensitive?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

is impression smear cytology invasive?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what are the downsides to doing a fecal float for ectoparasites?

Answer 22

not specific
not very sensitive

Question 23

what is the aim of serology or intradermal tests?

Answer 23

detect presence of IgE against flea allergens

Question 24

why are serology or intradermal tests used?

Answer 24

to select allergens for immunotherapy treatment, not diagnosis

Question 25

what environmental measures can be taken to reduce fleas?

Answer 25

treat other pets in the household fences to avoid feral animals pesticides vacuuming steam/carpet cleaning foggers volatile silicone, 0.4% dimeticone, spray, immobilized larval, adult fleas

Question 26

what are the categories for on-animal treatment of fleas?

Answer 26

spot on collars oral

Question 27

what is the most common allergic skin disease in horses?

Answer 27

equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity

Question 28

what breeds are at increased risk or equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 28

icelandic german shire welsh and shetland ponies arabian swiss warmblood quarter horse, connemara

Question 29

what type of hypersensitivity is equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 29

Type I and type IV hypersensitivity to salivary glands antigens Culicoides spp

Question 30

what is the median age of equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 30

3-4 years

Question 31

what is the nature of equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 31

pruritic disease pruritis to erythema/papules to scales/crusts to alopecia/excoriations/lichenification

Question 32

what are some antipruritic drugs you can treat equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity with?

Answer 32

antihistamines systemic steroids topical steroids oral oclacitinib immunotherapy (anti IL-5) (in progress)

Question 33

what diseases are transmitted by the cat flea?

Answer 33

Rickettsia felis Rickettsia typhi Batonella henselae

Question 34

what diseases are transmitted by the dog and cat flea?

Answer 34

Dipylidium caninum Acanthocheilonema reconditum

Question 35

what is the most important ectoparasite of dogs and cats worldwide?

Answer 35

Ctenocephalides felis

Question 36

what is transmitted by the rat flea?

Answer 36

Yersinia pestis

Question 37

what is Myxoma and Shope fibroma virus in rabbits transmitted by?

Answer 37

cat, dog, and rabbit fleas

Question 38

how much blood does a gravid female drink a day? 74 females a day?

Answer 38

1.6 microliters 1 milliliter

Question 39

what distinguishes irritation from flea bites?

Answer 39

infestation pruritis, skin inflammation nonimmune-mediated many hosts

Question 40

what distinguishes flea bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 40

single bite pruritis, skin inflammation type I, IV hypersensitivity immunopathogenesis proven in some: dogs, cat, mice, goat, sheep

Question 41

is allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) often successful?

Answer 41

not usually

Question 42

how long can flea pupae survive?

Answer 42

up to 140 days

Question 43

how many adults can be produced after two months after one female flea starts?

Answer 43

20,000