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General Parasitology > Ectoparasites 1 > Flashcards

Ectoparasites 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the life cycle of Ctenocephalides felis?

A

21 days
adults to eggs to larvae to pupae to adults

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2
Q

what does the life cycle of Ctenocephalides felis depend on?

A

environment temperature and relative humidity

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3
Q

do fleas need to continuously feed for mating?

A

yes

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4
Q

what is the most important ectoparasite of dogs and cats worldwide?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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5
Q

what are the impacts on the host health from Ctenocephalides felis?

A

vector-borne diseases- zoonotic
irritation
hypersensitivity
anemia

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6
Q

what can dogs and cats get from fleas?

A

Dipylidium caninum
Acanthocheilonema reconditum

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7
Q

what types of hypersensitivity is flea bite hypersensitivity?

A

Type I
Type IV

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8
Q

is flea bite hypersensitivity common?

A

one of most common hypersensitivities in dogs/cats

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9
Q

what is the allergen in flea bite hypersensitivity?

A

flea saliva allergen 18kD in dogs

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10
Q

is flea bite hypersensitivity associated with other allergies?

A

often, yes

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11
Q

what feline skin reaction patterns can be seen with allergies?

A

self-induced alopecia
miliary dermatitis
eosinophilic dermatitis and granuloma
head and neck pruritus

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12
Q

where are lesions from flea bite hypersensitivity usually seen on the dog?

A

dorsal caudal around back legs
neck
inguinal area

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13
Q

what are the lesions seen in dogs with flea bite hypersensitivity?

A

acute: erythematous macules, papules, crusted papules, hot spots
chronic: self-induced alopecia, lichenification, hyperpigmentation

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14
Q

where do you see lesions from flea bite hypersensitivity on cats?

A

head
inguinal area
tail and base of tail

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15
Q

what is an unusual result of flea bite hypersensitivity in cats?

A

eosinophilic granuloma

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16
Q

what are the different eosinophilic presentations for cats with fleas?

A

eosinophilic granuloma
eosinophilic plaques
eosinophilic dermatitis

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17
Q

what are some diagnostic tests for ectoparasites?

A

flea combing +/- wet paper +/- microscope slide
acetate tape cytology
impression smear cytology
fecal floatation
therapeutic trial

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18
Q

what is the differential diagnostics list for an animal presenting with possible fleas?

A

ectoparasites
allergies
neoplasia
infections

19
Q

are flea combs sensitive?

A

no

20
Q

is acetate tape impression cytology sensitive?

A

no

21
Q

is impression smear cytology invasive?

A

no

22
Q

what are the downsides to doing a fecal float for ectoparasites?

A

not specific
not very sensitive

23
Q

what is the aim of serology or intradermal tests?

A

detect presence of IgE against flea allergens

24
Q

why are serology or intradermal tests used?

A

to select allergens for immunotherapy treatment, not diagnosis

25
Q

what environmental measures can be taken to reduce fleas?

A

treat other pets in the household
fences to avoid feral animals
pesticides
vacuuming
steam/carpet cleaning
foggers
volatile silicone, 0.4% dimeticone, spray, immobilized larval, adult fleas

26
Q

what are the categories for on-animal treatment of fleas?

A

spot on
collars
oral

27
Q

what is the most common allergic skin disease in horses?

A

equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity

28
Q

what breeds are at increased risk or equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

A

icelandic
german shire
welsh and shetland ponies
arabian
swiss warmblood
quarter horse, connemara

29
Q

what type of hypersensitivity is equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

A

Type I and type IV hypersensitivity to salivary glands antigens Culicoides spp

30
Q

what is the median age of equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

A

3-4 years

31
Q

what is the nature of equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?

A

pruritic disease
pruritis to erythema/papules to scales/crusts to alopecia/excoriations/lichenification

32
Q

what are some antipruritic drugs you can treat equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity with?

A

antihistamines
systemic steroids
topical steroids
oral oclacitinib
immunotherapy (anti IL-5) (in progress)

33
Q

what diseases are transmitted by the cat flea?

A

Rickettsia felis
Rickettsia typhi
Batonella henselae

34
Q

what diseases are transmitted by the dog and cat flea?

A

Dipylidium caninum
Acanthocheilonema reconditum

35
Q

what is the most important ectoparasite of dogs and cats worldwide?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

36
Q

what is transmitted by the rat flea?

A

Yersinia pestis

37
Q

what is Myxoma and Shope fibroma virus in rabbits transmitted by?

A

cat, dog, and rabbit fleas

38
Q

how much blood does a gravid female drink a day? 74 females a day?

A

1.6 microliters
1 milliliter

39
Q

what distinguishes irritation from flea bites?

A

infestation
pruritis, skin inflammation
nonimmune-mediated
many hosts

40
Q

what distinguishes flea bite hypersensitivity?

A

single bite
pruritis, skin inflammation
type I, IV hypersensitivity
immunopathogenesis proven in some: dogs, cat, mice, goat, sheep

41
Q

is allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) often successful?

A

not usually

42
Q

how long can flea pupae survive?

A

up to 140 days

43
Q

how many adults can be produced after two months after one female flea starts?

A

20,000

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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