Ectoparasites 1 Flashcards
what is the life cycle of Ctenocephalides felis?
21 days
adults to eggs to larvae to pupae to adults
what does the life cycle of Ctenocephalides felis depend on?
environment temperature and relative humidity
do fleas need to continuously feed for mating?
yes
what is the most important ectoparasite of dogs and cats worldwide?
Ctenocephalides felis
what are the impacts on the host health from Ctenocephalides felis?
vector-borne diseases- zoonotic
irritation
hypersensitivity
anemia
what can dogs and cats get from fleas?
Dipylidium caninum
Acanthocheilonema reconditum
what types of hypersensitivity is flea bite hypersensitivity?
Type I
Type IV
is flea bite hypersensitivity common?
one of most common hypersensitivities in dogs/cats
what is the allergen in flea bite hypersensitivity?
flea saliva allergen 18kD in dogs
is flea bite hypersensitivity associated with other allergies?
often, yes
what feline skin reaction patterns can be seen with allergies?
self-induced alopecia
miliary dermatitis
eosinophilic dermatitis and granuloma
head and neck pruritus
where are lesions from flea bite hypersensitivity usually seen on the dog?
dorsal caudal around back legs
neck
inguinal area
what are the lesions seen in dogs with flea bite hypersensitivity?
acute: erythematous macules, papules, crusted papules, hot spots
chronic: self-induced alopecia, lichenification, hyperpigmentation
where do you see lesions from flea bite hypersensitivity on cats?
head
inguinal area
tail and base of tail
what is an unusual result of flea bite hypersensitivity in cats?
eosinophilic granuloma
what are the different eosinophilic presentations for cats with fleas?
eosinophilic granuloma
eosinophilic plaques
eosinophilic dermatitis
what are some diagnostic tests for ectoparasites?
flea combing +/- wet paper +/- microscope slide
acetate tape cytology
impression smear cytology
fecal floatation
therapeutic trial
what is the differential diagnostics list for an animal presenting with possible fleas?
ectoparasites
allergies
neoplasia
infections
are flea combs sensitive?
no
is acetate tape impression cytology sensitive?
no
is impression smear cytology invasive?
no
what are the downsides to doing a fecal float for ectoparasites?
not specific
not very sensitive
what is the aim of serology or intradermal tests?
detect presence of IgE against flea allergens
why are serology or intradermal tests used?
to select allergens for immunotherapy treatment, not diagnosis
what environmental measures can be taken to reduce fleas?
treat other pets in the household
fences to avoid feral animals
pesticides
vacuuming
steam/carpet cleaning
foggers
volatile silicone, 0.4% dimeticone, spray, immobilized larval, adult fleas
what are the categories for on-animal treatment of fleas?
spot on
collars
oral
what is the most common allergic skin disease in horses?
equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity
what breeds are at increased risk or equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?
icelandic
german shire
welsh and shetland ponies
arabian
swiss warmblood
quarter horse, connemara
what type of hypersensitivity is equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?
Type I and type IV hypersensitivity to salivary glands antigens Culicoides spp
what is the median age of equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?
3-4 years
what is the nature of equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity?
pruritic disease
pruritis to erythema/papules to scales/crusts to alopecia/excoriations/lichenification
what are some antipruritic drugs you can treat equine insect (culicoides) bite hypersensitivity with?
antihistamines
systemic steroids
topical steroids
oral oclacitinib
immunotherapy (anti IL-5) (in progress)
what diseases are transmitted by the cat flea?
Rickettsia felis
Rickettsia typhi
Batonella henselae
what diseases are transmitted by the dog and cat flea?
Dipylidium caninum
Acanthocheilonema reconditum
what is the most important ectoparasite of dogs and cats worldwide?
Ctenocephalides felis
what is transmitted by the rat flea?
Yersinia pestis
what is Myxoma and Shope fibroma virus in rabbits transmitted by?
cat, dog, and rabbit fleas
how much blood does a gravid female drink a day? 74 females a day?
1.6 microliters
1 milliliter
what distinguishes irritation from flea bites?
infestation
pruritis, skin inflammation
nonimmune-mediated
many hosts
what distinguishes flea bite hypersensitivity?
single bite
pruritis, skin inflammation
type I, IV hypersensitivity
immunopathogenesis proven in some: dogs, cat, mice, goat, sheep
is allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) often successful?
not usually
how long can flea pupae survive?
up to 140 days
how many adults can be produced after two months after one female flea starts?
20,000
