Helminths of Small Animals II Flashcards
what are the life cycles of Ancylostoma and Uncinaria spp?
direct
hookworms
how are Ancylostoma and Uncinaria spp transmitted?
L3
skin penetration
transmammary infection
summarize the life cycle of Ancylostoma caninum
eggs develop to infective larvae 5-7 days
larvae penetrate the skin or are ingested
skin to bloodstream to lungs to small intestine
what are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma and Uncinaria spp?
hookworms: bloodsuckers
anemia, black tarry feces, death
dermatitis
what is the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis?
direct
free-living stage possible
what are the two routes that Strongyloides stercoralis take in their life cycle?
direct: adult females pass eggs and males stay in the environment. some go on to infect at L3
indirect: some become free-living in the environment and reproduce sexually and their offspring go on to infect
may autoinfect in some cases
what is the route of Strongyloides stercoralis in infection?
penetrate skin in mouth or elsewhere, to bloodstream
then to lungs and up trachea where swallowed
small intestine
what are the clinical signs of Strongyloides stercoralis?
adults usually nothing
puppies: diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, coughing, wheezing, pneumonia
is Strongyloides stercoralis zoonotic?
yes
how is Strongyloides stercoralis diagnosed?
L1 larvae in feces
smear or Bauermann test
what are the host(s) of Taenia spp?
definitive: dogs and cats
intermediate: grazing animals
what is the difference between a coenurus and a cysticrcus?
coenurus larval stage: multiple protoscolices
cysticercus: single protoscloex
what are the clinical signs of Taenia spp?
rarely, more cosmetic
how are Taenia spp diagnosed?
eggs on fecal float: round and radially striated
proglottids seen in feces
what is the morphology of Echinococcus spp?
3-4 segments- small
what is the definitive host and intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus?
dogs or other canids
herbivores, pigs, humans, other mammals
what are the definitive host and intermediate host of Echinococcus multilocularis?
red fox, sometimes dogs/cats
microtene rodents, humans
how are Echinococcus spp treated and diagnosed?
praziquantel
eggs look same as Taenia spp
what is the public health significance of Echinococcus granulosus?
hydatid disease
what is the public health significance of Echinococcus multilocularis?
alveolar hydatid disease
what are the hosts of Diphylidium caninum?
definitive: dogs, cats, humans
intermediate: fleas, lice
what is the public health significance of Diphylidium caninum?
humans can become infected by ingesting fleas
what are the clinical signs of Diphylidium caninum?
rarely causes
see in feces
how do you treat Diphylidium caninum?
praziquantel
what is the life cycle of Trichuris spp?
whipworms
direct: L1 infective
what does Trichuris vulpis infect?
dogs
what does Trichuris campanula infect?
cats- rare
what are the clinical signs of Trichuris spp?
mucoid diarrhea, mushy stools, rarely blood
how are Trichuris spp treated?
febendazole
control: milbemycin and moxidectin
what parasites cause hydatid disease and alveolar hydatid disease?
Echinococcus granulosa
Echinococcus multilocularis
