Helminths of Small Animals II

Question 1

what are the life cycles of Ancylostoma and Uncinaria spp?

Answer 1

direct
hookworms

Question 2

how are Ancylostoma and Uncinaria spp transmitted?

Answer 2

L3
skin penetration
transmammary infection

Question 3

summarize the life cycle of Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 3

eggs develop to infective larvae 5-7 days
larvae penetrate the skin or are ingested
skin to bloodstream to lungs to small intestine

Question 4

what are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma and Uncinaria spp?

Answer 4

hookworms: bloodsuckers
anemia, black tarry feces, death
dermatitis

Question 5

what is the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 5

direct
free-living stage possible

Question 6

what are the two routes that Strongyloides stercoralis take in their life cycle?

Answer 6

direct: adult females pass eggs and males stay in the environment. some go on to infect at L3
indirect: some become free-living in the environment and reproduce sexually and their offspring go on to infect
may autoinfect in some cases

Question 7

what is the route of Strongyloides stercoralis in infection?

Answer 7

penetrate skin in mouth or elsewhere, to bloodstream
then to lungs and up trachea where swallowed
small intestine

Question 8

what are the clinical signs of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 8

adults usually nothing
puppies: diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, coughing, wheezing, pneumonia

Question 9

is Strongyloides stercoralis zoonotic?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

how is Strongyloides stercoralis diagnosed?

Answer 10

L1 larvae in feces
smear or Bauermann test

Question 11

what are the host(s) of Taenia spp?

Answer 11

definitive: dogs and cats
intermediate: grazing animals

Question 12

what is the difference between a coenurus and a cysticrcus?

Answer 12

coenurus larval stage: multiple protoscolices
cysticercus: single protoscloex

Question 13

what are the clinical signs of Taenia spp?

Answer 13

rarely, more cosmetic

Question 14

how are Taenia spp diagnosed?

Answer 14

eggs on fecal float: round and radially striated
proglottids seen in feces

Question 15

what is the morphology of Echinococcus spp?

Answer 15

3-4 segments- small

Question 16

what is the definitive host and intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus?

Answer 16

dogs or other canids
herbivores, pigs, humans, other mammals

Question 17

what are the definitive host and intermediate host of Echinococcus multilocularis?

Answer 17

red fox, sometimes dogs/cats
microtene rodents, humans

Question 18

how are Echinococcus spp treated and diagnosed?

Answer 18

praziquantel
eggs look same as Taenia spp

Question 19

what is the public health significance of Echinococcus granulosus?

Answer 19

hydatid disease

Question 20

what is the public health significance of Echinococcus multilocularis?

Answer 20

alveolar hydatid disease

Question 21

what are the hosts of Diphylidium caninum?

Answer 21

definitive: dogs, cats, humans
intermediate: fleas, lice

Question 22

what is the public health significance of Diphylidium caninum?

Answer 22

humans can become infected by ingesting fleas

Question 23

what are the clinical signs of Diphylidium caninum?

Answer 23

rarely causes
see in feces

Question 24

how do you treat Diphylidium caninum?

Answer 24

praziquantel

Question 25

what is the life cycle of Trichuris spp?

Answer 25

whipworms
direct: L1 infective

Question 26

what does Trichuris vulpis infect?

Answer 26

dogs

Question 27

what does Trichuris campanula infect?

Answer 27

cats- rare

Question 28

what are the clinical signs of Trichuris spp?

Answer 28

mucoid diarrhea, mushy stools, rarely blood

Question 29

how are Trichuris spp treated?

Answer 29

febendazole
control: milbemycin and moxidectin

Question 30

what parasites cause hydatid disease and alveolar hydatid disease?

Answer 30

Echinococcus granulosa
Echinococcus multilocularis