Ruminant Helminths

Question 1

what is the general life cycle of GI strongylida?

Answer 1

direct

Question 2

what unifies the hot complex?

Answer 2

strongyle-type eggs

Question 3

what is Haemonchus contortus important in?

Answer 3

small ruminants

Question 4

what do Haemonchus spp do to get through winter?

Answer 4

arrested larval development

Question 5

what do Haemonchus spp feed on?

Answer 5

blood

Question 6

what are the clinical signs of Haemonchus spp?

Answer 6

hyperacute, acute, chronic forms
anemia
edema
melena
death

Question 7

what GI nematode is of major importance in cattle?

Answer 7

Ostertagia ostertagi

Question 8

where do the L3 of Haemonchus spp go?

Answer 8

between gastric epithelial cells

Question 9

where do the L3 of Ostertagia ostertagi go?

Answer 9

in gastric glands of abomasum

Question 10

what is type I ostertagiosis?

Answer 10

recently ingested L3 develop to adults without arrested larval development
young cattle grazing pasture for first time

Question 11

what is type II ostertagiosis?

Answer 11

arrested L4 resume development weeks-months after L3 ingested
usually 2-4 years of age

Question 12

what are the clinical signs of ostertagia and teladorsagia?

Answer 12

diarrhea
weight loss
dehydration
hypoproteinemia

Question 13

where does Trichostrongylus axei inhabit?

Answer 13

abomasum in ruminants
stomach in horses

Question 14

where does Trichostrongylus colubriformis inhabit?

Answer 14

small intestine in ruminants

Question 15

where does Cooperia spp inhabit?

Answer 15

small intestine
cattle, small ruminants

Question 16

where does Oesophagostomum spp inhabit?

Answer 16

large intestine
not usually primary pathogens

Question 17

what is the pathophysiology of Oesophagostomum spp?

Answer 17

hemorrhagic or purulent nodules
mucus
leakage of blood and plasma proteins

Question 18

where does Nematodirus spp inhabit?

Answer 18

small intestine

Question 19

what is the important species in Nematodirus spp and what does it infect?

Answer 19

N. battus
sheep

Question 20

what development occurs in the egg of Nematodirus spp?

Answer 20

L1-L3

Question 21

where do Bunostomum spp inhabit and what do they eat?

Answer 21

small intestine
blood

Question 22

what life cycle do Bunostomum spp have?

Answer 22

direct

Question 23

how does Bunostomum spp usually infect the host?

Answer 23

skin penetration

Question 24

what are the clinical signs of Bunostomum spp?

Answer 24

irritation of skin at entry point
loss of villi, hemorrhagic lesions, diarrhea, emaciation, anemia, hypoproteinemia
death in heavy infections

Question 25

what life cycle do Strongyloides papillosus have?

Answer 25

free-living alternating with parasitic

Question 26

when are the peak infections of Strongyloides papillosus in ruminants?

Answer 26

1-3 month old calves 2-6 week old lambs/kids

Question 27

what are the clinical signs of Strongyloides papillosus?

Answer 27

calves and lambs: cardiac arrest goats, small ruminants: diarrhea, anorexia, ataxia

Question 28

what is the direct life cycle infectious stage in Trichuris spp?

Answer 28

L1 in egg

Question 29

what is the most common cestode of ruminants?

Answer 29

Moniezia

Question 30

what life cycle do Moniezia spp have?

Answer 30

indirect

Question 31

what is the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?

Answer 31

indirect intermediate host is aquatic snail

Question 32

is Fasciola hepatica zoonotic?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

what does Fasciola hepatica cause?

Answer 33

biliary duct hyperplasia and fibrosis cholangitis anemia

Question 34

what are the clinical signs of Fasciola hepatica?

Answer 34

acute disease: anorexia, anemia, jaundice, ascites, depression, death subacute disease: decreased weight gain, liver failure, anemia, death chronic disease: emaciation, anemia, bottle jaw, subtle production losses

Question 35

what are the hosts of Fascioloides magna?

Answer 35

natural: cervids aberrant: sheep and goats dead-end: cattle, pigs, llamas, horses, moose

Question 36

what are the clinical signs of Fascioloides magna in aberrant and dead-end hosts?

Answer 36

aberrant: uninterrupted migration of larvae through liver: chronic disease, sudden death dead-end: thick-walled capsules of adult flukes in liver, may not have disease

Question 37

what does Dictyocaulus viviparus infect?

Answer 37

cattle and cervids

Question 38

where does Dictyocaulus spp infect?

Answer 38

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 39

describe the life cycle of Dictyocaulus viviparus

Answer 39

direct L3 infective L1 in feces L3 ingested to small intestine to lungs

Question 40

what are the clinical signs of Dictyocaulus viviparus?

Answer 40

respiratory: chronic bronchitis, tachypnea, crepitation anorexia febrile death

Question 41

what is the life cycle of Muellerius spp?

Answer 41

indirect intermediate host: snail

Question 42

what is the life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

Answer 42

indirect intermediate host: snail

Question 43

what does Parelaphostrongylus tenuis do?

Answer 43

brain worm or meningeal worm

Question 44

what are the clinical signs of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

Answer 44

none in natural host abnormal: encephalitis, neurological signs

Question 45

what transmits Thelazia and where do they infect?

Answer 45

flies eyes