Surgical Methods Flashcards
Power VS 2022 - Incidence and severity of short-term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs
Complications were identified in what % of cases?
What was the conclusion of the study?
20%
Surgical wound classification or type of orthopedic procedure did not seem to influence incisional complications of infiltrated surgical sites.
Complications seemed more common after soft-tissue procedures (32/123; 26.0%) than orthopaedic procedures (11/95; 11.6%).
Rengert VS 2021 - Effect of bupivacaine concentration and formulation on canine chondrocyte viability in vitro
What was the main finding of this paper?
In vitro toxicity of SFB on canine chondrocytes is concentration dependent. Liposomal encapsulated bupivacaine may have time-dependent effects resulting in chondrotoxicity.
Clonogenicity was lower with all tested LEB concentrations compared with saline or medium (P < .02). No effect on clonogenicity by SFB
Viilmann VCOT 2022 - Success Rate and Perioperative Complications of Lumbosacral Extradural Anaesthesia in Dogs Undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Double-Centre Retrospective Study
What % of dogs did not require additional analgesia?
What were some of the post-op complications observed?
88%
Urinary retention, GI signs and sciatic neuropraxia
Lotti JSAP 2021 - Effect of two different pre-anaesthetic omeprazole protocols on gastroesophageal reflux incidence and pH in dogs
What was seen with the addition of Omeprazole?
Incidence of GE reflux did not change
PH of reflux was higher in omeprazole (in PM and 3h pre-op), than pre-op alone or control
Bauquier JFMS 2022 - Randomised clinical trial comparing the perioperative analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and intramuscular tramadol in cats
What was the outcome?
No significant difference between oral and intramuscular tramadol
Teixeira JFMS 2022 - Grapiprant or carprofen following ovariohysterectomy in the cat: analgesic efficacy, haematological, biochemical and urinalysis evaluation
What % of cats given gapiprant required rescue analgesia? Carprofen?
67% - gapiprant
18% - carprofen
Reader JAVMA 2020 - Comparison of liposomal bupivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride for control of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
What was the outcome of this study?
How is liposomal bupivicaine administered?
Dogs administered liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine were less likely to require rescue analgesia and received lower amounts of opioids than 0.5% bupivacaine.
By tissue infusion
Jones JAVMA 2019 - Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative administration of maropitant citrate and metoclopramide hydrochloride in preventing postoperative clinical gastroesophageal reflux in dogs
How did preop Maropitant and Metoclopramide admin affect the ris of GE reflux?
What variables were associated with an increased risk of GER?
No decrease in risk of GE reflux
Male (OR 9.2), overweight (OR 12.3), GI surgery (OR 30) and requirement for dexmed CRI post-op (OR 9.6)
Araos VS 2024 - Effect of continuous positive airway pressure helmet on respiratory function following surgical procedures in brachycephalic dogs: A randomized controlled trial
How did use of the CPAP affect the resp function?
SpO2, PaCO2 or rectal temp not affected
Improved PaO2/FiO2 (increased)
Kazmir-Lysak JFMS 2023 - Use of wound infusion catheters for postoperative local anaesthetic administration in cats
What factor was associated with an increased complication rate?
Volume of single dose of LA delivered through catheter (larger volume - higher risk of comp)
Li JFMS 2024 - Effect of oral administration of pregabalin on physiological and echocardiographic variables in healthy cats
What complication was seen upon administration of pregabalin? And what doses was it associated with?
Hypotension - 5 and 10mg/kg - not seen in 2.5mg/kg group
Quimby JFMS 2024 - Assessment of the effect of gabapentin on blood pressure in cats with and without chronic kidney disease
What was observed?
Gabapentin may decrease arterial BP in cats w. and w.out CKD
Yu LU JAVMA 2023 - Evaluation of complications and long-term outcomes associated with 101 dogs and cats discharged with and without subcutaneous active closed-suction drains (2014–2022)
What was the rate of complications with discharging an animal from hosp w. an active drain (vs removing prior to discharge?
37% for outpatient active suction drains vs 4%
Gomes Quitzan VS 2020 - Evaluation of the performance of an endoscopic 3mm electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device intended for single use after multiple use-and-resterilisation cycles
What resterilisation technique was utilised?
How many uses did the VSD fail after?
Hydrogen peroxide plasma resterilization
10
McChesney VS 2021 - Evaluation of depth gauge accuracy in a canine tibial plateau levelling osteotomy model
Which types of drill holes had the greatest bone measurement variability?
What feature of the depth gauge influenced it’s measurements?
Stacked combination hole
Mean depth gauge measurements were smaller (c.f. micrometer by:
2.20 mm for the compression hole
0.82 mm for the combination hole
3.57 mm for the stacked combination hole
Base diameter <5mm - smaller than values measured with base diameter >5.5mm
Wood VS 2024 - Influence of a single locking throw on the in vitro holding security of five friction throws
Which of the 5 friction knots leaked below physiological arterial pressure (prior to application of the locking throw)?
Square and surgeon’s throw
(strangle and millers leaked above arterial pressure)
Balsa VS 2021 - A randomized controlled trial of three-dimensional versus two-dimensional imaging system on duration of surgery and mental workload for laparoscopic gastropexies in dogs
What was the outcome re duration of surgery for 3D vs 2D?
No difference in surgical time
Erickson VS 2020 - In vitro holding strength of the laparoscopic Miller’s knot compared with open Miller’s knot, open surgeon’s throw, and laparoscopic surgeon’s throw in a vascular pedicle model
Which knot was most secure/leaked at highest pressure?
Which knot leaked at <40mmHg of pressure?
Open Miller’s knot
Open and laparoscopic surgeon’s knot
Lap. Miller’s knot leaked at >300mmHg
Maurin VS 2020 - A systematic review of complications related to laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted procedures in dogs
What was the most common intraoperative complication?
What was the reported conversion rate for:
- female genital tract
- adrenal glands
- liver
- intestinal tract
Splenic laceration
1% - female genital tract
2% - adrenal glands
5% - liver
8% - intestinal tract
Mayhew VS 2020 - Cadaveric evaluation of fluoroscopy-assisted placement of one-lung ventilation devices for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in dogs
Which of the two one-lung ventilation devices was more efficient and easier to place?
EZ-blocker
(c.f. double-lumen endobronchial tube)
Anderson VS 2019 - Complications related to entry techniques for laparoscopy in 159 dogs and cats
What the reported complication rate? And what % were minor?
What two factors were associated with decreased complication rate?
21% of which 91% were minor (CO2 leak, requirement for repeated entry, omental insufflation)
Midline entry (c.f. paramedian), Ternamian visial entry (c.f. modified Hasson and Veress needle)
Valenzano VS 2019 - Performance and microbiological safety testing after multiple use cycles and hydrogen peroxide sterilisation of a 5-mm vessel-sealing device
What was the most common mechanism of failure for the Ligasure?
After how many cycles did it fail?
Activation button failure 11/12
7.7 cycles (4-12)
Hydrogen peroxide sterilisation achieved microbiological safety
Gordo JSAP 2020 - Feasibility of the single-incision subxiphoid approach for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in dogs
Describe the single-incision subxiphoid approach
What was the success rate?
See pic
50% (5/10) - 3 required additional intercostal port, 1 lacerated v.cava and 1 had adhesions
Smith VS 2024 - Variables affecting surgeons’ use of, and preferences for, instrumentation in veterinary laparoscopy
Which equipment was the most difficult for surgeon’s with small glove sizes (<6.5) to use?
Endoscopic stapler
Parlier VS 2024 - Prospective, randomized, clinical trial on the effects of laparoscopic insufflation pressures on portal pressures in dogs
By how much % did the portal pressure increase per mmHg of insufflation pressure?
7.45% - No systemic hemodynamic adverse events were observed
Buote VS 2023 - 3D printed cannulas for use in laparoscopic surgery in feline patients: A cadaveric study and case series
What was observed when 3D printed cannulas were utilised?
Reduction in sx time, reduction in instrument collision and cannula complications
Kuvaldina VS 2023 - Development of a minimally invasive endoscopic technique for excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes in dogs
Describe the approach
Lat recumbency.
Division between dorsal border of superficial pectoralis + ventral border latissimus dorsi
3 cm skin incision starting caudal to the caudal border of the m. triceps brachii
Muscular junction separated by blunt dissection and two stay sutures placed in these muscles.
Latissimus dorsi muscle margin was elevated and reflected through the incision to expose the deep surface of the muscle belly. When present, the accessory axillary node was located adhered to the deep surface of the muscle
Beer JSAP 2022 - Near-infrared fluorescent image-guided lymph node dissection compared with locoregional lymphadenectomies in dogs with mast cell tumours
What contrast is used for NIFI?
What % of l.nodes were identified w. near-infared fluorescent imaging?
What % of dogs had l.nodes that were not locoregional identified by NIFI?
Indocyanine green - peritumour injection 0.5-1ml divided in 4
83% w. NIFI (74% w. usual surgical technique)
43% (15/35)
Rossanese JAVMA 2022 - Ultrasound-guided placement of an anchor wire or injection of methylene blue to aid in the intraoperative localization and excision of peripheral lymph nodes in dogs and cats
Which was the most lymphadenectomy technique with the most success?
94% anchor wire
87% methylene blue
72% without localisation technique
Sx duration was shorter for anchor technique
Mankin VS 2021 - The impact of a surgical checklist on surgical outcomes in an academic institution
What factors were affected by the intro of a surgical checklist?
Reduced anaesthestic duration
Increased planned periop AB admin prior to first incision
Increased completion of safety measures
Decreased unexpected return to OR
NO DIFF. IN SSI, MORBIDITY OR MORTALITY
Brand VCOT 2023 - Evaluation of Surgical Gown Cuff Contamination During Orthopaedic Surgery in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital
What factors were associated with an INCREASED likelihood of a +ve culture?
Humidity in the operating room and number of individuals scrubbed in
Glenn VS 2024 - Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
What % of SSIs were detected ONLY by active surveillance?
19%
