STS Journals - Abdomen

Question 1

Cronin JSAP 2021 - A novel internal abdominal oblique muscle flap to close a major abdominal wall defect

What blood vessels supply the internal abdominal oblique?

Briefly describe the technique

What other options are available for major abdominal defects?

Answer 1

Deep circumflex iliac artery, the intercostal arteries and lateral branches of the deep caudal epigastric artery

A flap using the caudal internal abdominal oblique muscle with the base dorsally was elevated and rotated 90 degrees to fill the dorsal defect.

Mesh, xenografts (porcine small intestinal submucosa), external abdominal oblique, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis and cranial sartorius

Question 2

Morgan VS 2020 - Outcome after surgical and conservative treatments of canine peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia: A multi-institutional study of 128 dogs

Which dogs were more likely to have surgery?

What was the survival to discharge rate of the surgically treated dogs?

What was the rate of recurrence in the surgically treated population?

Intraop and post op complication rate?

MST?

Answer 2

Younger, sexually intact dogs who had clinical signs (more likely to have other congenital abnormalities)

97%

0%

Intraop 22% post-op 41%

MST ST 8.2y, CT 5y

Question 3

Rossanese JSAP 2019 - Congenital pleuroperitoneal hernia presenting as gastrothorax in five cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs

What were the presenting clinical signs?

What part of the diaphragm was affected in all cases?

Answer 3

Tension gastrothorax - acute onset dyspnoea and resp. distress

Left crus of the diaphragm

Question 4

Seibert JAVMA 2021 - Relationship between congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia or congenital central diaphragmatic hernia and ductal plate malformations in dogs and cats

What are ductal plate malformations?

What recommendation was given by the authors?

Answer 4

Concurrent congenital fibropolycystic liver or kidney
malformations. Ductal plate malformations represent embryonic
abnormalities secondary to dysfunction of the primary cilia that result in defective tubulogenesis and affect the formation of bile ducts. Results in cholestasis.

Non-herniated liver tissue should be biopsied during surgical correction of PPDH/CCDH

Question 5

Blondel VS 2021 - Comparison of imaging techniques to detect migrating foreign bodies. Relevance of preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography for diagnosis and surgical removal

What was the sensitivity of US vs CT/MRI?

What was associated with the use of intraoperative ultrasound?

Answer 5

US - 88%
CT/MRI 57%

Intra-op ultrasound resulted in higher success for FB retrieval (89% vs 59% without)

Question 6

Jacques JSAP 2022 - Clinical, computed tomographic, surgical findings and outcome in dogs with sublumbar abscessation: 16 cases (2013-2019)

In what % of cases was foreign material found?

What was the recurrence rate?

Answer 6

7/16 - 44%

13/16 - 87%

Question 7

Lopez-Jiminez JSAP 2022 - Use of computed tomography sinography for evaluation of draining tracts in 27 dogs and one cat

How was sinography performed?

In what % of cases did the sinography show more extensive tracts, and what % did sinography affect case management?

Did use of CT sinography improve chances of finding FB on imaging?

Answer 7

With urinary catheter with iohexol

6/28 - 21% - showed more extensive tracts
3/28 - 11% - affected case management

No - 31% FB detected on post-IV contrast CT vs 23% on CT sinography

Question 8

Anderson JSAP 2021 - Outcome following surgery to treat septic peritonitis in 95 cats in the United Kingdom

What was the most common cause?

What was the overall survival rate?

What was associated with non-survival?

What was associated with survival?

Answer 8

GI perf

66%

Intraoperative hypotension

Survival >1d post-op

Question 9

Bellamy JFMA 2023 - Feline ventral abdominal wall angiosarcoma: haemangiosarcoma or lymphangiosarcoma? Clinical and pathological characteristics in 9 cases

What types of tumours are angiosarcomas?

Describe their nature?

How were they diagnosed?

MST?

Answer 9

Rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of endothelial cell origin (predilection to ventral abdo wall)

Locally aggressive

Histopath with IHC required to differentiate between haemangiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma

(5-6m)
Haemangiosarcoma was 166 days (range 137–381)
Lymphangiosarcoma was 197 days (range 67–208)

Question 10

Cinti VS 2023 - Laparoscopic extra-abdominal transfascial suturing technique for diaphragmatic rupture repair in a cat

What type of diaphragm rupture was observed?

Where were the ports placed?

What pressure was used? What is the max pressure advised in the thorax?

Complications?

When were the sutures removed?

Answer 10

Acute circumferential

The first 5 mm cannula (n.1) was introduced on the midline 3 cm caudal to the umbilicus. The other 2 cannulae were placed on either side of the midline for triangulation

3mmHg (max is 5mmHg - but authors felt there was no difference)

Minor irritation from sutures

3 weeks

Question 11

Griffeuille JAVMA 2021 - Comparison of computed tomography and surgical findings and investigation of their associations with outcomes for dogs with sublumbar abscesses

What % of CTs identified migrating vegetal FB?

What was the rate of abscess recurrence?

What factor was associated with abscess recurrence?

Answer 11

77%

25% @ median of 6 months

Presence of discospondylitis

Question 12

Cudney JAVMA 2021 - Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasonography for evaluation of dogs with nontraumatic hemoabdomen: 94 cases (2014–2017)

What was the accuracy of US in NTH?

What organs did AUS have the lowest sensitivity?

Answer 12

54%

31% mesentery, 0% peritoneal diffuse modular mets

Question 13

Snipes JAVMA 2023 - Acute kidney injury is common in dogs with septic peritonitis and is associated with increased mortality

What % of dogs had aki?

What clinical signs increase the risk of presenting with AKI?

Answer 13

40%

Tachypnoea, hypotension, increased BCS

Question 14

Kerby VS 2023 - Epiploic foramen entrapment in a dog

What are the landmarks for the epiploic foramen?

What viscera became entrapped?

Answer 14

Caudal to the caudate liver lobe
Cranial to the celiac artery
Dorsal to the portal vein and hepatic artery
Ventral to the caudal vena cava

Question 15

Rossanese JAVMA 2023 - Prevalence of malignancy and factors affecting outcome of cats undergoing splenectomy

What % had splenic neoplasia?

What was the most common tumour types?

What features were associated with a poorer prognosis?

Answer 15

81%

MCT (42%), haemangiosarcoma (40%), lymphoma (6%) and histiocytic sarcoma (6%)

Presence of metastatic disease and anaemia

Question 16

Rossanese JAVMA 2023 - Prevalence of malignancy and factors affecting outcome of cats undergoing splenectomy

What features were associated with a diagnosis of HSA?

What was the MST for non-neoplastic and neoplastic disease?

Answer 16

Presence of anaemia, a splenic mass identified on imaging or spontaneous haemorrhage
100% of NT haemorrhage had splenic neoplasia

Non-neoplastic 715d
Neoplastic 136d

Question 17

Phipps JAVMA 2020 - Postoperative thrombocytosis and thromboelastographic evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses

For how long were these changes noted?

Answer 17

During the first 2 weeks - could increase the risk of clots

Question 18

Menard JAVMA 2023 - Assessing major influences on decision-making and outcome for dogs presenting emergently with nontraumatic hemoabdomen

How did the MST differ between surgery vs palliative care?

What advantage of surgery was observed (over palliative care)?

Answer 18

Sx - 213d
Palliative care - 39d

Sx had better QoL

Question 19

Panissidi VS 2021 - Development of perioperative premature ventricular contractions as an indicator of splenic hemangiosarcoma and median survival times

What % of dogs with HSA had VPCs post-operatively?

What was the association between HMST and VPCs?

Answer 19

72%

No association

Question 20

Story VS 2020 - Outcomes of 43 small breed dogs treated for splenic hemangiosarcoma

How did small breed dogs differ to large breed dogs?

What other variables were associated with a survival time?

Answer 20

No difference in MST (116d overall, 207d sx and chemo)
Longer DFI for small breed dogs (441d c.f. 80d)

Presence of mets decreased ST
Admin of chemo (e.g. doxo and cyclophosphamide) increased ST

Question 21

Burgess JAVMA 2021 - Development and validation of a multivariable model and online decision-support calculator to aid in preoperative discrimination of benign from malignant splenic masses in dogs

What clinical variables were associated with the probability of malignancy?

Answer 21

Probability of malignancy increased as mass diameter approached 7cm BUT… if >7cm, less likely malignant

Question 22

Michael JAVMA 2023 - Perioperative ventricular arrhythmias are increased with hemoperitoneum and are associated with increased mortality in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses

What rate of dogs had VPCs?

How does this paper’s findings differ with previous reports? And why might it?

Answer 22

44%

Panissidi reported that VPCs had association between VPCs and MST
In-hospital mortality rather than MST
Panissidi just evaluated HSA not all splenic masses

Question 23

Sirochman VS 2020 - Influence of use of a bipolar vessel sealing device on short-term postoperative mortality after splenectomy: 203 dogs (2005-2018)

How did use of a bipolar vessel sealing device affect post-op mortality?

What factors were associated with death prior to discharge?

Answer 23

It didn’t affect it

Blood administration, longer anaesthetic, intraop ventricular arrhythmias

Question 24

McGaffey JAVMA 2022 - Complications and outcomes associated with laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy in dogs

What was the most common reason for the splenectomy?

What size was the average mass?

What % of cases required conversion to open laparotomy?

What was the rate of complications?

Answer 24

Splenic masses in 91%

1.3 cm3/kg body weight

6%

78/136 dogs (57%) - all minor and resolved spontaneously or w. medical tx

Question 25

Miller JAVMA 2022 - Premature death in dogs with nontraumatic hemoabdomen and splenectomy with benign histopathologic findings

What % of NT haemoabdomens were associated with a malignant disease? and what % were HSA?

What % of non-malignant histopath had adverse outcome and premature death?

Answer 25

73% malignant disease
64% of all dogs had HSA (87% of malignant)

17% - MST 49d

Question 26

Fairfield JAVMA 2023 - Minimally invasive splenectomy is associated with a low perioperative complication rate and short operative time in cats

What % of total lap surgery required conversion?

What % of lap-assisted surgery required conversion?

Answer 26

2/7 (29%)

1/10 (10%)

Question 27

Menard JAVMA 2023 - Assessing major influences on decision-making and outcome for dogs presenting emergently with nontraumatic hemoabdomen

What was the conclusion?

Answer 27

Better QoL with surgery than palliative care

Question 28

Schick JAVMA 2023 - Evaluation of the validity of the double two-thirds rule for diagnosing hemangiosarcoma in dogs with nontraumatic hemoperitoneum due to a ruptured splenic mass: a systematic review

What % were malignant?

Of the malignant tumours, what % were HSA?

Answer 28

73% malignant

87% of malignant HSA

Question 29

Bates VS 2023 - Influence of 4 drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in an instillation model

Which drain configuration had the greatest surface area coverage?

Answer 29

Diagonal