Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVNT2 > Surgical Approaches - Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Surgical Approaches - Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

what is an -otomy surgery?

A

cutting open/dividing tissue during surgery, after which the tissue is repaired to allow it to heal normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an -ostomy surgery?

A

the creating of an opening/stoma which communicates with the outside through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an -oscopy preocedure?

A

use of a device or instrument to give visual access inside a cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an -ectomy procedure?

A

the surgical removal of all/part of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the roles of the veterinary nurse in GI surgery?

A

pre-op care of the animal

surgical prep of the animal

preparation of surgical equipment

assistance during surgery

anaesthetic management

post-op care of animal

post-op advice to owners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the main factor involved in pre-op care of the GI surgical patient?

A

identification and stabilisation of fluid and electrolyte status via IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is pre-op starving recommended for GI surgery?

A

yes, 12 hours but may not have enough warning if emergency surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

are enemas commonly performed before GI surgery?

A

not usually required - often just makes faecal material more liquid and harder to deal with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are antibiotics used pre-op?

A

usually only used intra- and post-op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what pre-op step may be considered in a GDV patient?

A

passing a stomach tube to relieve pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do you prep for oral surgery?

A

flush mouth with saline to remove debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do you prep the patient for a ventral midline laparotomy?

A

clip and aseptically prep a wide area to allow for a large incision and examination of entire abdominal contents

area should cover from above xiphoid to below pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do you prep the patient for anal/rectal surgery?

A

specific positioning - check with surgeon

anal ops may require packing and/or a purse string suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the temperature concerns during GI surgery?

A

high heat loss due to open abdomen - plan temperature regulation and warming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do you reduce the risk of regurgitation during GI surgery?

A

ensure a good seal on ET tube

patient can be tilted slightly with head lowered (allows drainage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what specific instruments/equipment might you need for GI surgery?

A

laparotomy swabs + suction

histopathology pots

specific instruments - gelpis, atraumatic bowel clamps

2 sets of surgical kits/tray drapes/gloves, additional spare instruments

pre-warmed saline for lavage

stomach tube and bucket

endoscope (depending on procedure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the role of the vet nurse during GI surgery?

A

surgical assistance - clamping intestines

keep exposed GI contents moist

keep contaminated instruments separate

control suction machine

have additional swabs and instruments to hand

take biopsy samples from surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of suture material is best for GI viscera?

A

short duration absorbable, synthetic monofilament (avoid braided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the best suture needle choice for GI surgery?

A

round body is least traumatic (avoid cutting needle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of surgery is GI surgery (cleanliness-wise)?

A

Considered clean-contaminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when is GI surgery NOT considered clean-contaminated?

A

if tissue viability is in question

if contamination has already occurred

if gross contamination occurs during surgery e.g. spillage of GI contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the common antibiotics used peri/post-operatively in GI surgery?

A

broad spectrum e.g. amoxycillin + clavulanic acid (amoxyclav) and metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when are antibiotics always needed with GI surgery?

A

if contamination occurs peri-operatively

24
Q

why do oronasal fistulae need surgical repair?

A

to stop food material impacting in nasal cavity

25
Q

what are the common types of oral surgery?

A

oral tumour removal

oral fistulae repair

cleft palate surgery

foreign bodies and penetrating injuries

26
Q

what are the pre-op considerations for oral surgery?

A

make sure to thoroughly flush any debris form mouth

27
Q

what are the post-op nursing considerations for oral surgery?

A

ensure patient can eat/drink - soft but formed food

feeding tube may be required

28
Q

what are the main types of oesophageal surgeries?

A

oesophageal foreign bodies

oesophageal stricture

29
Q

what are the pre-op nursing considerations for oesophageal surgeries?

A

treatment of hypovolaemia/dehydration as needed - IVFT

30
Q

what are the post-op nursing considerations for oesophageal surgery?

A

consider use of feeding tube if oesophagus damaged and needs time to heal
liquidised diet may be necessary

31
Q

what are the main types of gastric surgery?

A 
foreign body removal 
pyloric obstruction 
gastric neoplasia 
GDV 
tube gastrotomy
32
Q

what is the main sign of a gastric foreign body?

A

persistent or intermittent vomiting

33
Q

what is a pyloric obstruction?

A

foreign body or thickening/neoplasia at outflow of stomach - surgery may widen or remove the pylorus

34
Q

what other life-threatening conditions can GDV result in?

A

severe hypovolaemia

toxic shock

gastric wall necrosis

ventricular dysrhythmia

disseminated intravascular coagulation

35
Q

what is a tube gastrotomy?

A

surgical or endoscopic placement of a tube for nutritional support or decompression of the stomach - tube is anchored in the stomach and exits through the body wall

36
Q

what are the pre-/intra-op nursing considerations for gastric surgery?

A

treatment of dehydration/hypovolaemia as needed - IVFT

preparation of a wide surgical site

keep a close eye on heat and moisture loss during surgery

37
Q

what are the post-op nursing considerations for gastric surgery?

A

feeding a low fat/bland diet (liquidised if pyloric obstruction)

continued treatment of fluid/electrolyte losses

monitor for arrhythmias in GDV

38
Q

what are the 6 stages of the treatment plan for GDV?

A
  1. Rapid IV fluid admin to treat shock
  2. IV antibiotics
  3. decompression of stomach by passing stomach tube
  4. right lateral radiograph to confirm GDV
  5. ECG to check for ventricular dysrhythmias
  6. surgery to decompress and de-rotate stomach and assess stomach wall viability; gastropexy may be performed
39
Q

what are the main types of small intestinal surgery?

A 
intestinal biopsy 
enterotomy - foreign body removal
enterectomy - removal of section of SI 
intussusception
tumour removal
40
Q

what is intussusception?

A

where the small intestine invaginates into itself - tissue may become necrotic and need resecting

41
Q

what are the pre-op nursing considerations for SI surgery?

A

treatment of hypovolaemia/dehydration as needed - IVFT

preparation of a wide surgical site

42
Q

what are the intra-op nursing considerations for SI surgery?

A

keep intestinal contents moist whilst lifted out of abdomen

keep careful eye on heat loss

bowel clamps or a scrubbed assistant’s fingers ay be used to ‘clamp off’ gut whilst operated on

43
Q

what are the post-op nursing considerations for SI surgery?

A

make sure biopsy samples are labelled with site

encourage eating/drinking - bland low fat diet

44
Q

what are the main types of large intestinal surgery?

A

intestinal biopsy - endoscopy or laparotomy

colectomy - removal of colon

45
Q

which is LI surgery higher risk than SI surgery?

A

LI has increased bacterial load and slower healing time

46
Q

what are the pre-op nursing considerations for LI surgery?

A

avoid enemas - slurry more likely to spill

pre-operative antibiotics may be indicated

47
Q

what are the post-op nursing considerations fo LI surgery?

A

make sure biopsy samples are labelled with site

post-op nutritional support to aid healing

48
Q

what are the main types of anal/rectal surgery?

A 
rectal polyps/tumours 
rectal prolapse 
imperforate anus 
anal sac removal 
anal furunculosis
49
Q

what is an imperforate anus?

A

congenital condition where anus does not join with rectum - can sometimes be corrected surgically

50
Q

why might the anal sacs need to be removed?

A

due to chronic sacculitis/impaction/abscessation

51
Q

what are the pre-/intra-op considerations for anal/rectal surgery?

A

ask surgeon for preferred positioning

protect prolapses prior to surgery - keep moist and lubricated, prevent self-mutilation

peri-anal surgery may require purse-string suture placement

52
Q

what are the post-op considerations for anal/rectal surgery?

A

post-operative nutritional support to aid healing

53
Q

what is peritonitis?

A

contamination or irritation of the peritoneum leading to an inflammatory response

infection develops and leads to severe illness, sepsis, shock and cardiovascular collapse

54
Q

what are the clinical signs of peritonitis?

A 
pyrexia 
anorexia 
depression 
tachycardia 
vomiting 
ascites 
abdominal pain
55
Q

how is peritonitis treated?

A

surgical exploration of abdomen to find source of contamination + thorough lavage

infection managed with open peritoneal drainage

intensive nursing - IVFT, bandage care, close monitoring of albumin and electrolytes

CVNT2 (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions