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CVNT2 > Minor surgical conditions > Flashcards

Minor surgical conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Localised collection of purulent material lined with granulation and fibrous tissue

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2
Q

What are the complications of an abscess?

A

Toxaemia/pyaemia
Sinus
Skin necrosis

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3
Q

What are the signs of an abscess?

A

Pyrexia, anorexia, vomiting, pain, swelling, discharge

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4
Q

How should an abscess be treated?

A

Lance and flush with saline/weak disinfectant (surgery if deep abscess)

Regular bathing/flushing of abscess (surgical drain if deep)

Treatment with antibiotics, consider pain relief

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5
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Distribution of pus through tissue (non-localised)

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6
Q

What are the signs of cellulitis?

A

Pain, area sensitive to touch, pyrexia, generalised swelling

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7
Q

How is cellulitis treated?

A

Systemic antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, analgesics

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8
Q

What is a sinus?

A

An infected blind-ending tract leading from a focus of infection to the body surface/mucous membrane

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9
Q

What type of tissue lines a sinus?

A

Granulation tissue

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10
Q

What are the signs of a sinus?

A

Pyrexia, pain, sensitive to touch, disease-specific signs (e.g. anal furunculosis)

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11
Q

What type of condition does a grass seed usually cause?

A

Foreign body sinus

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12
Q

What is a fistula?

A

An abnormal tract between 2 epithelial surfaces OR connecting an epithelial surface to the skin
(e.g. oro-nasal, recto-vaginal)

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13
Q

What are the signs of a fistula?

A

Chronic infection
Visually abnormal
Physiologically abnormal

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14
Q

Does a fistula always require surgical repair?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is an ulcer defined as?

A

The loss of the epithelial surface of a tissue (skin/mucous membrane)
Shallow lesions caused by trauma, aggravated by poor blood supply and/or infection

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16
Q

What are the signs of an ulcer?

A

Pain, swelling, visual appearance, secondary problems (e.g. infection)
Often slow to heal

17
Q

What is the treatment for an ulcer?

A

Remove the cause
Keep surface clean
Dress wound if possible
Surgical treatment if necessary

18
Q

Which areas are most commonly affected by ulcers?

A

Skin
GI tract
Cornea

19
Q

What are the possible causes of ulcers?

A

Pathogens (e.g. Calici virus)
Irritants (e.g. chemicals, urine)
Poor blood supply
Pressure

20
Q

What are the causes of a corneal ulcer?

A

Trauma
Bacteria
Eyelash/eyelid disorders

21
Q

What are the signs of a corneal ulcer?

A

Increased lacrimation
Ocular pain and discharge
Blepharospasm

22
Q

What is a decubitus ulcer?

A

Pressure sore

23
Q

What are the signs of a decubitus ulcer?

A 
Pain
Open wound 
Pyrexia due to secondary infection 
Sensitivity around area 
Restricted movement
24
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Abnormal sac filled with fluid or semi-solid matter lined with epithelium

25
Q

What are the main types of cyst?

A

Sebaceous
Interdigital
Ovarian
Meibomian

26
Q

What is a meibomian cyst?

A

Benign age-related tumour of the eye

27
Q

What are the symptoms of a cyst?

A

Swelling
Visual appearance
Restriction of movement
Secondary infection (dependent upon type)

28
Q

What is a haematoma?

A

Accumulation of blood in a tissue due to a burst blood vessel

29
Q

What are the signs of a haematoma?

A

Swelling
Pain
Discolouration of skin

30
Q

What is a rupture?

A

Protrusion of organs/soft tissue through an unnatural opening/tear

31
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Abnormal protrusion of organs or soft tissue through a natural opening

32
Q

How does a rupture typically occur?

A

Usually arises as a result of trauma (weakness may predispose)

33
Q

What is a reducible hernia?

A

Contents can be repositioned to the original anatomical location - corrected by gentle pressure

34
Q

What is an irreducible/incarcerated hernia/rupture?

A

Contents cannot be repositioned to the original anatomical condition due to adhesions/other complications

35
Q

What is a strangulated hernia/rupture?

A

Where the contents become devitalised due to restriction of blood vessels (life-threatening emergency)

36
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Herniation through the inguinal canal

37
Q

How is a perineal hernia caused?

A

Excessive straining - muscle layers around the anal sphincter gradually break down

38
Q

What is a ventral/abdominal rupture?

A

A general term referring to a tear anywhere on the abdominal wall other than the umbilical/inguinal areas (usually arises due to trauma)

CVNT2 (47 decks)

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