surface anatomy 1 - subdivisions Flashcards
What did Brodmann establish?
There is unity between an area which has a similar cytoarchitecture structure and function
These areas did not border with gyri and sulci
How many brains did Brodmann use?
1 brain or half a brain
What happened in the late 1960?
Scientist looking into language
Certain area of the brain is larger on language non-dominance side
What are the subdivisions of the cortex?
- Surface
- Lobes
- Gyri and Sulci
- Cytoarchitectonic
What does the surface of the cortex consist of?
- Medial
- Lateral (convexity)
- Inferior (Basal)
what is pneumoencephalography?
a radiographic technique (now largely superseded) for examining the brain. It involved displacing the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain by air or oxygen, which served as a contrast medium.
What was the consequence of pneumoencephalography?
Patients entire body would be rotated into different positions to allow air to displace CSF in different areas of ventricular system and around the brain
1970-1974
See the brain:CT-inside brain
1980
MRI
What are the current concepts of lobes?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
Who described the Insula and called it a lobe?
Anatomist Rile in 1809
Who described the Limbic Lobe?
Broca
Who described the Central Lobe?
G. Yasargil
What is the historical evolution of 3 centuries for the lobe?
1664 - 2 lobes - T. Willis
1822 - 5 lobes - C. Burdach
1878 - 6 lobes - P. Broca
1994 - 7 lobes - G. Yasargil
Define Lobe
Subdivision of group of structures in the brain
What are the historical evolution of boundaries for lobes?
- Defined by bony structures
- T. Willis, C-Burdach, Varoli - Defined by cortical structures
- A. Pansch, P.Broca, J.Jensen
What is the role of central sulcus?
Separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.
What is the role of sylvian fissure?
a large diagonal fissure on the lateral surface of the brain which separates off the temporal lobe from frontal lobe
What is seen on the occipital lobe?
Artificial line on the complexity, connecting 2 points: Central sulcus and pre-occipital notch
What is the role of the pre-occipital notch?
marks the boundary between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe in the human
Lateral surface: Frontal Lobe
3+1
3 Longitudinal Gyri + 1 Transverse Gyri
F1+F2+F3
Transverse G: Precentral G
What are the 2 sulci that the frontal lobe is separated by?
- Superior Frontal Sulcus
2. Inferior Frontal Sulcus
Lateral surface: Temporal Lobe
3+1
T1 + T2 + T3
Transverse G: Heschl’s Gyrus
No middle temporal sulcus
Lateral Surface: Occipital Lobe
3
No Transverse
O1 + O2 + O3
Lateral Surface: Parietal Lobe
Postcentral G and 2 lobule
What are the 2 lobule of Parietal Lobe?
- Superior Parietal Lobule
2. Inferior Parietal Lobule
What are the 2 gyri that inferior parietal lobule consists of?
- Supramarginal G
2. Angular Gyrus
Supramarginal Gyrus
Sits like a horse shoe on sylvian fissure
Angular Gyrus
Sits on Temporal sulcus
What is P2?
Deep Sulcus
between 2 parietal lobule –> Intra parietal sulcus
What lobes does the medial surface consist of?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Limbic Lobe
Medial Surface: Frontal Lobe
- Gyrus Rectus
- Superior Frontal Gyrus
- Paracentral Lobule (ant)
Medial Surface: Parietal Lobe
- Paracentral lobule (post)
2. Precuneus
Medial Surface: Occipital Lobe
- Cuneus
2. Lingual Gyrus
Medial surface: Limbic Lobe
- Limbic Gyrus
2. Intralimbic Gyrus
Inferior Surface: Frontal Lobe
- Gyrus Rectus
2. Orbital Gyri
Orbital Gyrus
here are four gyri and they are divided by the H-shaped orbital sulci
Inferior Surface: Temporal/occipital lobes
- Inferior temporal/occipital gyrus (T3/O3)
- Fusiform gyrus (T4/O4)
(lateral occipito-temporal)\ - Parahippocampal/Lingual gyrus (T5/O5)
(Medial occipito-temporal)
Subdivisions of the cerebrum
purely arbitrary and do not correspond
exactly to any known functional
divisions
