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C1 Modules > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the identification of cranial nerves?

A
  1. Diameter
  2. Course
  3. Vessels
  4. CSF
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2
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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3
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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4
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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5
Q

What is cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens nerve

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6
Q

What are the segments of CN?

A
  1. Central (nuclei, central fascicles)
  2. cisternal (brainstem > dura)
  3. Cavernous sinus (SOF) - intraforaminal/intracanalicular
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7
Q

What can cisternal segments be visualised with? 1.5T

A
  1. 2D-SE/FSE/TSE
  2. 3D-CISS (Siemens)
  3. 3D-FSE/TSE
  4. 3D-FASE (Toshiba)
  5. FIESTA (GE)
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8
Q

What is CISS?

A

assessment of the anatomical variations and various pathologies involving the cranial nerves and central nervous system

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9
Q

What can cisternal segments be visualised with? 3.0T

A 
3D-CISS (Siemens)
SPACE (Siemens) 
FIESTA-C (GE)
CUBE (GE)
Balanced fast-field echo [b-FFE] (Philips)
VISTA (Philips)
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10
Q

What are the features of CISS?

A
  1. Steady-state-gradient-echo sequence
  2. Flow compensated
  3. MR cisternography
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11
Q

What are the 3D set of data for CISS?

A
  1. Reconstructions in any desired plane
  2. Slice orientation - course of cranial nerves
  3. 0.7 (0.5) mm slice thickness
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12
Q

What are examples of big cranial nerves?

A
  1. Optic nerve
  2. Trigeminal nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
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13
Q

What are the percentages that can be observed for the big cranial nerves on T2w TSE and 3D-CISS?

A

Optic nerve;
T2-w TSE: 100%
3D-CISS: 100%

Trigeminal nerve:
T2-w TSE: 100%
3D-CISS: 100%

Oculomotor nerve:
T2-w TSE: 82.5%
3D-CISS: 100%

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14
Q

What are examples of the small cranial nerves?

A

Abducent nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Trochlear nerve

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15
Q

What are the percentages that can be observed for the small cranial nerves on T2w TSE and 3D-CISS

A

Abducent nerve:
T2-w TSE: 32.5%
3D-CISS: 100%

Hypoglossal nerve:
T2-w TSE: 10%
3D-CISS: 100%

Trochlear nerve:
T2-w TSE: 7.5%
3D-CISS: 47.5%

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16
Q

Big CN: CN II, CN III, CN V (sensory)

A

3D-CISS = conventional 2D TSE

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17
Q

Small CN: CN IV, CN VI, CN XII

A

3D-CISS&raquo_space; conventional 2D TSE

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18
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

3D-CISS: limitations

Technique has to be optimised

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19
Q

What sequences are intracanalicular and intraforaminal segment sensitive to with contrast?

A 
T1w 
	3D-TOF (MRA) + CM 
	3D-MPRAGE (Siemens) + CM 
	3D-GRASS (GE) + CM
	3D-SPGR (GE) + CM
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20
Q

What is the nucleus of oculomotor nerve?

A

Tegmentum of mesencephalon

superior colliculi

Diametr 2.5-3mm

21
Q

Where is the trochlear nerve located?

A

Caudal mesencephalon beneath the cerebral aqueduct

22
Q

What are the nucleus of trochlear nerve?

A
  1. Tegmentum of mesencephalon

2. Inferior colliculi

23
Q

Where does the decussation of central fascicles occur for the trochlear nerve?

A

Superior medullary velum

24
Q

What are the problems of cisternal segments?

A 
Smallest CN				0.2-1 mm 
Longest intracranial course 	60 mm
Longest cisternal segment 	15-20 mm 
Differentiation from 	SCA branches
						small veins joining 					petrosal vein
“Hidden” between two folds of tentorium
Subtentorial segment
25
Q

What are the initial cisternal segments?

A

A) Short segment close to the brainstem > Quadrigeminal cistern

B) Long segment far from brainstem

  1. Subtentorial segment
    > Ambient cistern
26
Q

What is CN IV (trochlear nerve) identification?

A

3D-CISS + 3D-TOF ± CM

27
Q

What are the landmarks for trochlear nerve?

A
  1. Inferior colliculi

2. Superior medullary velum

28
Q

What is velum?

A

Very thin sheet covering the aqueduct

29
Q

What are the segments for abducent nerve (CN VI)?

A
  1. Nucleus: Floor of 4th ventricle
  2. Pontomedullary sulcus
  3. Prepontine cisterne
  4. Dorello’s canal
  5. Cavernous sinus (SOF)
  6. Orbita (lateral straight muscle)
    Diameter: 2.2 mm
30
Q

What are the landmark for Abducent nerve?

A
  1. Facial colliculus
  2. Dorello’s canal
  3. Length of CSF invagination
    < 1-3mm
31
Q

What is found within cavernous sinus?

A

3rd, 4th , part of 5th nerve and 6th nerve

32
Q

What are frontal eye field?

A

Region located in the frontal cortex

Responsible for saccadic eye movement for the purpose of visual field perception and awareness

33
Q

What is Trigeminal ganglion?

A

Sensory ganglion of trigeminal nerve that occupies a cavity in the dura mater, covering the trigeminal impression near apex of petrous part of temporal bone

34
Q

What is the identification for trigeminal ganglion?

A

3D-CISS + CM

35
Q

How is facial nerve located?

A

Anteriorly

36
Q

How is cochlear nerve located?

A

Superior and Inferior

37
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)?

A
  1. Information comes from cochlea
  2. Vestibular nuclei
  3. Relay station
  4. Up to the cortex
38
Q

What are the components of Hypoglossal nerve?

A
  1. Premedullary cistern (3-6 rootlets)
  2. Hypoglossal canal (1-2 truncs)
  3. Extracranial segments (1 trunc)
39
Q

What are the lower cranial nerve complex?

A

CN IX-XI

  1. Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
  2. Vagus N (CN X)
  3. Accessory N (CN XI)
40
Q

What is located in CN VII?

A

chorda tympani & greater petrosal nerves

41
Q

What is located in CN IX?

A

lingual branch

42
Q

What is located in CN X?

A

superior laryngeal branch

43
Q

How is CNVII located?

A

Rostral

44
Q

Hhow is CN X located?

A

Caudal

45
Q

What is the identification for hypoglossal canal?

A

3D-CISS + CM

3D-MPRAGE
+ CM

46
Q

How can all cisternal segments of all CN be visualised?

A

in vivo at 1.5 T

47
Q

Cranial nerve techniques

A

Location of nuclei
Course of cisternal segments
Exit through dura
Neurovascular contacts

48
Q

Optimised MRI technique

A

Cisternal S; Meckel‘s cave > 3D-CISS
Intraforaminal/ intracanalicular S; Cavernous Sinus &raquo_space; 3D-CISS / 3D-TOF / 3D-MPRAGE + CM
Trigeminal ganglion > 3D-CISS / 3D-TOF + CM
Neurovascular contacts ; CN IV > 3D-CISS + 3D-TOF ± CM

C1 Modules (20 decks)

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