Superficial Face and Parotid Flashcards
sensory innervation over the face comes from which nerve?
trigeminal nerve, CN 5
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic division (V1) maxillary division (V2) mandibular division (V3)
-three twins; three paired divisions
the ophthalmic division branches into what five nerves
supraorbital nerve supratrochlear lacrimal infratrochlear neerve external nasal nerve
where does the trigeminal nerve come from?
lateral aspect of the pons, follows into the trigeminal ganglion
where does the supraorbital nerve travel?
middle of eyebrow, travels upward up the forward and over the top head
largest branch of ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
where does the supratrochlear nerve travel
medial to the supraorbital nerve; inner portion of the eyebrow up to the middle of the forehead
medial to the supraorbital nerve; inner portion of the eyebrow up to the middle of the forehead
supratrochlear nerve trajectory
middle of eyebrow, travels upward up the forward and over the top head
largest branch of ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
supraorbital nerve trajectory
where does the infratrochlear nerve travel?
travels from inner edge of eyebrow downward to corner of the eye
-between trochlea and medial angle of the yee
where does the lacrimal nerve travel
travels from outer edge of eyebrow downward toward middle of the eye
-superior and lateral
where does the external nasal nerve travel?
on nose
-immediately inferior to nasal bone
the maxillary division branches into what three nerves
infraorbital
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal
where does the infraorbital nerve travel?
comes out of the skull under the middle of the eye, inferiorly
through the infraorbital foramen
where does the zygomaticotemporal nerve travel?
pierces the temporal fascia and travels superiorly up the side of the face
where does the zygomaticofacial nerve travel
comes out of skill medial to the ear on side of face and travels inferiorly
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve branches into what three nerves
auriculotemporal nerve
buccal nerve
mental nerve
the auriculotemporal nerve travels with what artery?
superficial temporal artery
the auriculotemporal nerve travels where?
comes out of skull slightly medial to the ear on the side of face and travels superiorly
the buccal nerve (sensory) travels where
to cheek
the mental nerve travels where
to chin and lower lip
what components travels through the superficial fascia of the face?
muscles of facial expression
blood vessels, motor nerves to facial muscles, sensory nerves to skin
what are the three kinds of deep fascia of the face?
parotid fascia
buccopharyngeal fascia
temporal fascia
- covers the buccinator muscle
- extends posteriorly to cover the pharyngeal constrictor muscle
buccopharyngeal fascia
- strong fascia over the temporal fossa
- attached to superior temporal line above and to zygomatic arch below
temporal fascia
dicuss the muscles of facial expression as a whole
- generally arise from bones or fascia of head and neck and are inserted into the skin of the face
- phylogenetically developed from a continuous sheath so sometimes indistinct at borders
- generally (except 1) grouped in relation to the openings they modify (ex orbit, nasal aperture, mouth)
- all innervated by branches of the facial nerve (CN 7)
what nerve innervates all the muscles of facial expression
the facial nerve CN VII
epicranius muscle
frontalis (frontal belly) and occipital belly
aka occipitalfrontalis
draws the scalp backwards and elevates the eyebrows
-surprise
bells palsy = can’t wrinkly forehead or raise eyebrows
oblicularis oculi
protects the eye from trauma, light, drying
palpebral and orbital parts
closes orbit, covers the globe
bell’s palsy = can’t wink or close eye; risk of cornea drying/damaged
corrugator supercilii
deeper plane than oblicularis oculi and frontalis
creates vertical wrinkles in skin between eyebrows
orbicularis oris
important in closing the mouth
bells palsy = lips pursed/protruded
buccinator
deeper plane
origin = pterygomandibular raphe, maxilla, and mandible
insertion = lips
innervation = facial nerve
action = important for chewing food; aids in closing lips
bells palsy = cant suck cheeks inward
pteryhomandibular raphe
one origin of the buccinator muscles
connective tissue like attached to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate and below the mandible behind the third tooth
serves as the origin for the superior pharyngeal constrictor (gives continuity to the cheek and pharyngeal wall)
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
important in opening mouth and facial expressions
levator labii superioris
elevates upper lip
zygomaticus minor
elevates lateral part of upper lip
forms the nasolabial furrow (deeps during an expression of contempt)
bells palsy = inabiliy to smile (on damaged side); flatted nasolabial furrow
levator anguli oris
deeper plane
used in smiling - raises corners of lips
zygomaticus major
pulls corners of mouth upward and lateral, as in laughing
bells palsy = inabiliy to smile (on damaged side); flatted nasolabial furrow
risorius
broadens smile
depressor anguli oris
depresses the corner of mouth
bells palsy = corners of mouth drawn downward
paralysis of cranial nerve VII results in what?
Bells palsy
platysma
largest muscle of facial expression
draws corner of mouth downward; widens oral aperture, assists in depressing the mandible
expression of surprise (corners of mouth pulled downward, partially opens mouth)
bells palsy = can’t draw corner of mouth downward or tense the skin of the neck
depressor labii inferioris
depresses the lower lip
mentalis
dimples the chin
what structures pass through the parotid gland?
facial nerve and its branches (TZBMC)
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery
what structures emerge from the margin of the gland (face side, not ear side)
parotid duct superficial temporal artery and vein auriculotemporal nerve branches of facial nerve transverse facial artery posterior auricular artery and vein
where does the facial nerve come through the skull?
stylomastoid foramen
what muscles are supplied by the facial nerve
muscles of facial expression
digastric
stylohyoid
what nerve does the facial nerve give off right as it passes through the stylomastoid foramen
posterior auricular nerve
the upper division of the facial nerve gives off which branches?
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
the lower division of the facial nerve gives off:
buccal
mandibular
cervical branches
what are the important arteries in the face
facial artery
inferior labial artery
superior labial artery
transverse facial artery
the transverse facial artery comes from what branch of the external carotid artery?
superficial temporal artery (a terminal branch of the ex carotid artery)
what are the important veins in the face?
ophthalmic, maxillary, retromanidublar, facial vein, pterygoid plexus of veins
facial vein
angular vein
the facial vein begins as what and goes where?
angular vein –> facial vein –> joins retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein –> internal jugular vein
what drains into the external jugular vein?
superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein –> retromandibular vein (in parotid gland) –> posterior division of retromandibular vein joins posterior auricular vein –> external jugular vein
what are the layer of the scalp?
skin connective tissie aponeurosis loose connective tissue (allows the epicranius to move) periosteum of skill
discuss the blood supply of the scalp
internal carotid artery branches : supraorbital branches, supratrochlear branches (from opthalmic artery)
external carotid artery: maxillary, superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, occipital artery
what nerves supply the scalp?
all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
anterior primary rami of C2 and C3 of cervical plexus
posterior primary rami of C2 and C3
