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Anatomy > Posterior Triangle & Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle & Root of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Hyoid bone

A

unpaired bone, located inferior to inferior aspect of the mandible
single bone with a central body and greater horns/cornua on each side
lies in anterior neck at the level cv3
-does not articulate with any other bone
-larynx suspended here from thyrohyoid membrane

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2
Q

unpaired bone, located inferior to inferior aspect of the mandible
single bone with a central body and greater horns/cornua on each side
lies in anterior neck at the level cv3
-does not articulate with any other bone
-larynx suspended here from thyrohyoid membrane

A

hyoid bone

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3
Q

name the structures in the neck found at Cv6

A

junction of pharynx and esophagus
middle cervical sympathetic ganglion
vertebral artery enters the first transverse foramen

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4
Q

the posterior triangle is covered by which dermatomes

A

c2, c3, c4

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5
Q

what are the nerves that make up the cutaneous component of the cervical plexus?

A

lesser occipital nerve - c2
great auricular nerve - C2 C3
transverse cervical nerve - C2, C3
supraclavicular nerves - C3, C4

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6
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A 
anterior= posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
posterior = anterior border of the trapezius
inferior = clavicle
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7
Q

what are the muscles of the floor of the posterior triangle?

they are covered by which fascia?

A 
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis 
levator scapulae
posterior scalene
middle scalene
anterior scalene

prevertebral fascia

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8
Q

which components are found between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and investing layers of fascia in the posterior triangle?

A

spinal accessory nerve
inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
transverse cervical vessels
cutaneous nerves to the skin

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9
Q

which components are found between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and the floor of the posterior triangle?

A 
dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
phrenic nerve
proximal portion of the brachial plexus
third part of the subclavian artery
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10
Q

where are these structures located?

dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
phrenic nerve
proximal portion of the brachial plexus
third part of the subclavian artery
A

between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and the floor of the posterior triangle

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11
Q

where are these structures located?

spinal accessory nerve
inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
transverse cervical vessels
cutaneous nerves to the skin

A

between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and the investing layers of the posterior triangle

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12
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle =

A

anterior border of the posterior triangle

origin = the manubrium and the medial end of the clavicle
insertion = mastoid process
innervation = accessory nerve (motor) and branches of C2 and C3 (sensory)
action = 1 side contracts - turns head to opposite side, 2 sides contract - flexion of the neck
*accessory muscle of respiration - shows in signs of respiratory distress

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13
Q

anterior border of the posterior triangle

origin = the manubrium and the medial end of the clavicle
insertion = mastoid process
innervation = accessory nerve (motor) and branches of C2 and C3 (sensory)
action = 1 side contracts - turns head to opposite side, 2 sides contract - flexion of the neck
*accessory muscle of respiration - shows in signs of respiratory distress

A

sternocleidomastoid

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14
Q

lie on the floor of lateral neck covered by cervical fascia
3 groups
all originate from anterior or posterior tubercle of transverse processes
innervated by cervical nerves
action = muscles acting together are muscles of inspirations, also act on vertebral column of neck

A

scalene muscles

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15
Q

anterior scalene (scalenus anterior)

A

landmark muscle in floor of the neck

origin = anterior tubercle of transverse process of Cv3-Cv6
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib between the grooves for subclavian vessels
innervation = C5-c7

phrenic nerve crosses anterior to this muscle

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16
Q

landmark muscle in floor of the neck

origin = anterior tubercle of transverse process of Cv3-Cv6
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib between the grooves for subclavian vessels
innervation = C5-c7

phrenic nerve crosses anterior to this muscle

A

anteior scalene

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17
Q

middle scalene

A

largest of this group of muscles

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv3-cv7
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib immediately posterior to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery 
innervation = C2-C8
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18
Q

largest of this group of muscles

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv3-cv7
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib immediately posterior to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery 
innervation = C2-C8
A

middle scalene

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19
Q

posterior scalene

A

smallest and most posterior of this group

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv5-Cv7
insertion = second rib
innervation = Cv7-Cv8
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20
Q

smallest and most posterior of this group

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv5-Cv7
insertion = second rib
innervation = Cv7-Cv8
A

posterior scalene

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21
Q

omohyoid muscle

A

one of the infrahyoid muscles
2 bellies connected by a tendon
inferior belly is in the posterior triangle

origin = upper border of the scapula
insertion = lower border of the hyoid bone
innervation = ansa cervicalis
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22
Q

one of the infrahyoid muscles
2 bellies connected by a tendon
inferior belly is in the posterior triangle

origin = upper border of the scapula
insertion = lower border of the hyoid bone
innervation = ansa cervicalis
A

omohyoid muscle

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23
Q

which structures are found between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscle?

A

subclavian artery

anterior/ventral primary rami (forming the brachial plexus)

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24
Q

where do these structures pass in the posterior triangle?

subclavian artery
anterior/ventral primary rami

A

between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

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25
Q

which structures lie superficial to the scalenus anterior muscle?

A 
prevertebral fascia
subclavian vein
phrenic nerve
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery 
omohyoid muscle
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26
Q

where do these structures pass in the posterior triangle?

prevertebral fascia
subclavian vein
phrenic nerve
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery
omohyoid muscle
A

anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle

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27
Q

name the structures immediately above the first rib from anterior to posterior

A 
subclavian vein
anterior scalene
subclavian artery
lower portion of brachial plexus
middle scalene
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28
Q

where is the brachial plexus in the posterior triangle?

A

between the middle and anterior scalene muscles

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29
Q

where are these structures found?

subclavian vein
anterior scalene
subclavian artery
lower portion of brachial plexus
middle scalene
A

immediately above the first rib in the posterior triangle

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30
Q

where is the sternoclavicular joint

A

at the root of the neck

between the medial end of the clavical and the manubrium

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31
Q

describe the sternoclavicular joint

A

an articular disk divides the joint cavity into two separate spaces
ligaments of the joint include
-articular capsule
-interior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
-interclavicular ligament
-costoclavicular ligament

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32
Q

what does the subclavian artery branch into?

A 
vertebral artery 
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery

(VIT. C and D)

33
Q

where do these branches come from?

vertebral artery 
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery
A

subclavian artery

34
Q

what does the thryocervical trunk branch into?

A

inferior thyroid artery
suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery

35
Q

where do these branches come from?

inferior thyroid artery
suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery

A

thyrocervical trunk

36
Q

where does the inferior thyroid artery come from and branch into?

A

comes from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery

branches into the ascending cervical artery and the inferior laryngeal artery

37
Q

what artery is this?

comes from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery

branches into the ascending cervical artery and the inferior laryngeal artery

A

inferior thyroid artery

38
Q

where does the transverse cervical artery come from and branch into

A

comes from the thyrocervical trunk

branches into a superficial branch and a deep branch

39
Q

what artery is this?

comes from the thyrocervical trunk

branches into a superficial branch and a deep branch

A

transverse cervical artery

40
Q

where does the dorsal scapular artery come from?

A

can either branch off of the thyrocervical trunk (deep branch of the transverse cervical artery) or directly from the subclavian artery

41
Q

what does the costocervical trunk branch into?

A

deep cervical artery

highest intercostal artery

42
Q

where does the internal thoracic artery travel and supply?

A

arises from the antero-inferior aspect of the subclavian artery
descends posterior to the sternal end of the clavical to enter the thorax
travels down the middle

43
Q

where does the vertebral artery travel and supply

A

arises from the postero-superior aspect of the subclavian artery
enters the transverse foramen of CV6
ascends up the transverse foramina until it lies on the superior aspect of the atlas
enters the suboccipital triangle to supply the brain/brainstem

44
Q

arises from the antero-inferior aspect of the subclavian artery
descends posterior to the sternal end of the clavical to enter the thorax
travels down the middle

A

internal thoracic artery

45
Q

arises from the postero-superior aspect of the subclavian artery
enters the transverse foramen of CV6
ascends up the transverse foramina until it lies on the superior aspect of the atlas
enters the suboccipital triangle to supply the brain/brainstem

A

vertebral artery

46
Q

where does the thyrocervical trunk arise?

A

short trunk from the superior aspect of the subclavian artery

47
Q

which artery is this?

short trunk from the superior aspect of the subclavian artery

A

thyrocervical trunk

48
Q

where does the inferior thyroid artery arise?

A

branch of the thryocervical trunk

passes superiorly along the medial border of the scalenus anterior to about Cv6, where it runs medially and branches

49
Q

branch of the thryocervical trunk

passes superiorly along the medial border of the scalenus anterior to about Cv6, where it runs medially and branches

A

inferior thyroid artery

50
Q

where does the ascending cervical artery arise?

A

branch from the inferior thyroid artery
runs along the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior
runs with the phrenic nerve

51
Q

branch from the inferior thyroid artery
runs along the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior
runs with the phrenic nerve

A

ascending cervical artery

52
Q

where does the inferior laryngeal artery arise?

A

branch of the inferior thyroid artery

accompanies the recurrent/inferior laryngeal nerve

53
Q

branch of the inferior thyroid artery

accompanies the recurrent/inferior laryngeal nerve

A

inferior laryngeal artery

54
Q

where does the suprascapular artery travel?

A

branch of the inferior thyroid artery
passes anterior to the scalenus anterior, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle
travels behind the clavicle to reach the region of the scapular notch

55
Q

branch of the inferior thyroid artery
passes anterior to the scalenus anterior, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle
travels behind the clavicle to reach the region of the scapular notch

A

suprascapular artery

56
Q

where does the transverse cervical artery arise?

A

branch of the thryoclavicular trunk
passes between the scalenus anterior and the sternocleidomastoid muscle
turns posteriorly, crosses the posterior triangle

branches into superficial and deep branches (variant= deep branch is dorsal scapular artery)

57
Q

branch of the thryoclavicular trunk
passes between the scalenus anterior and the sternocleidomastoid muscle
turns posteriorly, crosses the posterior triangle

branches into superficial and deep branches (variant= deep branch is dorsal scapular artery)

A

transverse cervical artery

58
Q

the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery off the thyrocervical branch travels with what nerve and where?

A

accessory nerve

deep surface of the trapezius muscle

59
Q

the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery off the thyrocervical branch travels with what nerve and where?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

deep surface of the levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

60
Q

what is the variation that can occur relating to the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery?

A

it may arise from the thyrocervical trunk directly as the superficial cervical artery

61
Q

where does the costocervical trunk arise from?

A

arises from the posterior aspect of the subclavian artery

quickly divides into deep cervical artery and highest intercostal artery

62
Q

arises from the posterior aspect of the subclavian artery

quickly divides into deep cervical artery and highest intercostal artery

A

costocervical trunk

63
Q

where does the deep cervical artery come from and what does it supply?

A

comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery
supplies the deep muscles on the back of the neck

64
Q

what artery is this?

comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery
supplies the deep muscles on the back of the neck

A

deep cervical artery

65
Q

where does the highest/supreme/superior intercostal artery come from and what does it supply?

A

comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery
supplies the first two intercostal space (first posterior intercostal artery, second posterior intercostal artery

66
Q

comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery
supplies the first two intercostal space (first posterior intercostal artery, second posterior intercostal artery

A

highest intercostal artery

67
Q

platysma muscle =

A

very superficial, very thin
muscle of fascial expression

origin = fascia in the thoracic region 
insertion = inferior aspect of the mandible 
innervation = cranial nerve VII
68
Q

muscle of fascial expression

origin = fascia in the thoracic region 
insertion = inferior aspect of the mandible 
innervation = cranial nerve VII
A

platysma muscle

69
Q

which nerves make up the cutaneous components of the cervical plexus?

A

lesser occipital nerve (C2)
great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)
suprascapular nerve (C3, C4)

70
Q

lesser occipital nerve

fibers from which root?
travels where?
innervates what structures?

A

fibers from C2

travels along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle superiorly to the head from the nerve point on the neck (“goes up and back”)

innervates the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperiorly to the auricle of the ear

71
Q

great auricular nerve

fibers from which root?
travels where?
innervates what structures?

A

fibers from C2, C3

travels vertically on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (“goes north”)

innervates skin of the parotid region and auricle, supplies the skin of the angle of the mandible and continues to the mastoid process

72
Q

transverse cervical nerves

fibers from which root?
travels where?
innervates what structures?

A

fibers from C2, C3

crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle horizontally toward medial portion of throat
joins the cervical branch of the facial nerve inferior to the parotid gland

innervates the skin of the anterior triangle of the neck

73
Q

supraclavicular nerves

fibers from which root?
travels where?
innervates what structures?

A

fibers from C3, C4

crosses the clavicle (“goes south”)

supplies the skin of the inferior half of the posterior triangle of the neck
supplies the skin of the upper thoracic region and deltoid regions

74
Q

fibers from C2

travels along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle superiorly to the head from the nerve point on the neck (“goes up and back”)

innervates the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperiorly to the auricle of the ear

A

lesser occipital nerve

75
Q

fibers from C2, C3

travels vertically on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (“goes north”)

innervates skin of the parotid region and auricle, supplies the skin of the angle of the mandible and continues to the mastoid process

A

great auricular nerve

76
Q

fibers from C2, C3

crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle horizontally toward medial portion of throat
joins the cervical branch of the facial nerve inferior to the parotid gland

innervates the skin of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

transverse cervical nerves

77
Q

fibers from C3, C4

crosses the clavicle (“goes south”)

supplies the skin of the inferior half of the posterior triangle of the neck
supplies the skin of the upper thoracic region and deltoid regions

A

supraclavicular nerves

78
Q

cranial nerve VII innervates what structure?

A

platysma

79
Q

spinal accessory nerve (CN XII) innervates which two muscles

A

trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Anatomy (19 decks)

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