Scapular Region and Arm Flashcards
What are the cutaneous nerves on the medial aspect of the upper limb
- medial brachial cutaneous* nerve joined by the intercostal brachial nerve
- medial antebrachial cutaneous*
what are the cutaneous nerves on the lateral side of the upper limb?
upper lateral cutaneous nerve (branch of the axillary nerve)
lower lateral cutaneous nerve (branch of the radial nerve)
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve* (continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve)
what are the cutaneous nerves on the dorsal side of the upper limb?
posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (from radial nerve)
dorsal cutaneous nerve of forearm (from radial nerve)
what are the three important named superficial veins in the upper limb
cephalic vein
basilic vein
median cubital vein
what vein is this?
begins on dorsum of hand, radial/lateral side (thumb side)
ascends on lateral (radial) side of forearm
passes into the deltopectoral triangle
pierces the clavipectoral fascia to join the axillary vein
cephalic vein
how are the cephalic vein and the basilic vein related?
at the elbow, the cephalic vein sends a venous channel to basilic vein - called medial cubital vein
used for venepuncture
connects basilic and cephalic veins
what vein is this?
begins on dorsum of hand, ulnar/medial side (little finger side)
ascends on medial side of forearm
above elbow: pierces deep fascia and joins brachial vein to form axillary vein
basilic vein
where do the basilic vein and cephalic vein originate from?
dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the hand
what are the three types of deep fascia of the arm and what do they contain?
- brachial fascia: covers the muscles of the arm
- lateral and medial intermuscular septa: separate arm muscles into anterior and posterior compartments
- medial intermuscular septum: composed of two laminae; provides passage for brachial vessels, median nerve, basilic vein, and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
which muscles insert on the upper humerus?
pectoralis major pectoralis minor deltoid latissimus dorsi teres major [rotator cuff muscles] supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis coracobrachialis
where do these muscles insert?
pectoralis major pectoralis minor deltoid latissimus dorsi teres major [rotator cuff muscles] supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis coracobrachialis
upper humerus
what forms the quadrangular space?
humerus
teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps
what do these components form?
humerus
teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps
quadrangular space
what passes through the quadrangular space?
posterior humeral circumflex vessels
axillary nerve
what forms the triangular space?
teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps muscle
what do these components form?
teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps muscle
triangular space
what passes through the triangular space?
branches of the scapular circumflex vessels
what forms the triangular interval?
long head of triceps muscle
lateral head of triceps
teres major
what do these components form?
long head of triceps
lateral head of triceps
teres major
triangular interval
what passes through the triangular interval?
radial nerve
deep brachial vessels (profunda brachii)
deltoid muscle =
origin = spine of scapula, lateral acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle insertion = deltoid tuberosity of humerus innervation = axillary nerve action = abducts the arm (raises the arm) - very strong after 15 degrees of motion
origin = spine of scapula, lateral acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle insertion = deltoid tuberosity of humerus innervation = axillary nerve action = abducts the arm (raises the arm) - very strong after 15 degrees of motion
..
latissimus dorsi
origin = spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, dorsum of sacrum, iliac crest, lower ribs inserts = crest of lesser tubercule and intertubercular sulcus of humerus innervation = thoracodorsal nerve action = adduction, extension, medial rotation of arm
origin = spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, dorsum of sacrum, iliac crest, lower ribs inserts = crest of lesser tubercule and intertubercular sulcus of humerus innervation = thoracodorsal nerve action = adduction, extension, medial rotation of arm
..
teres major
origin = inferior angle and axillary border of scapula insertion = crest of lesser tubucle of humerus innervation = lower scapular nerve action = adduction, medial rotation of arm
origin = inferior angle and axillary border of scapula insertion = crest of lesser tubucle of humerus innervation = lower scapular nerve action = adduction, medial rotation of arm
…
what muscles compose the rotator cuff
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
supraspinatus=
posterior aspect of scapula
origin = supraspinatus fossa of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = suprascapular nerve action = abducts the arm, assists deltoid muscle in full movement
posterior aspect of scapula
origin = supraspinatus fossa of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = suprascapular nerve action = abducts the arm, assists deltoid muscle in full movement
supraspinatus
infraspinatus =
posterior aspect of scapula
origin = infraspinatus fossa of scapula
insertion = greater tubercle of humerus
innervation = suprascapular nerve
action - lateral rotation of arm
posterior aspect of scapula
origin = infraspinatus fossa of scapula
insertion = greater tubercle of humerus
innervation = suprascapular nerve
action - lateral rotation of arm
infraspinatus
teres minor =
origin = lateral border of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = axillary nerve action = lateral rotation of arm
origin = lateral border of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = axillary nerve action = lateral rotation of arm
teres minor
subscapularis
origin = costal surface of scapula insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus innervation = upper and lower subscapular nerves action = medial rotation of arm
origin = costal surface of scapula insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus innervation = upper and lower subscapular nerves action = medial rotation of arm
supscapularis
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm and what nerve innervates them?
brachialis
biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis
origin = coracoid process of the scapula insertion = half way down the medial aspect of humerus innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = adducts arm
biceps brachii
origin = supraglenoid tubercule (long head) of the scapula and the coracoid process of the scapula (short head) insertion = radial tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes shoulder, flexes forearm at elbow, supinates the forearm
brachialis muscle
origin = lower anterior half of humerous insertion = ulnar tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow
floor of cubital fossa
origin = coracoid process of the scapula insertion = half way down the medial aspect of humerus innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = adducts arm
coracobrachialis
origin = supraglenoid tubercule (long head) of the scapula and the coracoid process of the scapula (short head) insertion = radial tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes shoulder, flexes forearm at elbow, supinates the forearm
biceps brachii
origin = lower anterior half of humerous insertion = ulnar tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow
floor of cubital fossa
brachialis
what muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?
triceps brachii
what muscles form the boundary of the cubital fossa?
brachioradialis
pronator teres
triceps brachii
3 heads - long, lateral, medial
origin = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), upper half of humerus (lateral head), lower half of humerus (medial head) insertion = olecranon process of ulna innervation = radial nerve action = extends forearm at elbow, extends shoulder
brachioradialis
origin = lateral supracondylar line/ridge of humerus insertion = near styloid process of radius innervation = radial nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow
-part of the extensor group of muscles in the upper limb
pronator teres
2 heads
origin = superficial head of medial epicondyle of humerus, deep head from medial side of coronoid process of ulna insertion = midpoint of radial shaft innervation = median nerve action = pronates forearm (palm down)
3 heads - long, lateral, medial
origin = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), upper half of humerus (lateral head), lower half of humerus (medial head) insertion = olecranon process of ulna innervation = radial nerve action = extends forearm at elbow, extends shoulder
triceps brachii
origin = lateral supracondylar line/ridge of humerus insertion = near styloid process of radius innervation = radial nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow
-part of the extensor group of muscles in the upper limb
brachioradialis
2 heads
origin = superficial head of medial epicondyle of humerus, deep head from medial side of coronoid process of ulna insertion = midpoint of radial shaft innervation = median nerve action = pronates forearm (palm down)
pronator teres
one of 8 flexor muscles in the forearm
suprascapular nerve
fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate?
fibers from C5,C6
branches off the superior root of brachial plexus
travels with suprascapular artery from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery
travels = through the scapular notch, deep to the superior transverse ligament, under supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
innervates = supraspinatus and infraspinatus
axillary nerve
fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate?
fibers from C5, C6
one of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus, branches off the posterior cord
travels with the posterior humeral circumflex artery
travels through the quadrangular space
innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles
radial nerve
fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate?
fibers from C5-T1
largest terminal branch of the brachial plexus, comes off the posterior cord
travels with the deep brachial vessels (profundus brachii)
travels along the radial sulcus of the humerous under the triceps brachii, through the triangular interval to reach the lateral intermuscular septum, into lateral wall of cubital fossa
supplies the muscles on the dorsal side of arm and forearm
musculocutaneous nerve
fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate?
fibers from C5, C6
terminal branch of brachial plexus, comes off the lateral cord
terminal portion (lateral antebrachial cutaneous) travels with the cephalic vein
travels through or on top of the coracobrachialis, then between the biceps brachii and brachialis, then sensor fibers continue as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve with the cephalic vein
supplies coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
median nerve
fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate?
fibers from C6-T1
terminal branch of the brachial plexus, comes from merging portions from lateral and medial cords
travels with brachial artery to cubital then ends up medial to brachial artery
goes through the flexor retinaculum
supplies 6 1/2 of flexor muscles in anterior forearm and 5 muscles in the hand
ulnar nerve
fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate?
fibers from C8-T1
terminal branch off the brachial plexus, comes from the medial cord
travels with brachial artery down the upper arm, just before the cubital fossa it diverts medially
enters posterior compartment of arm to pass behind medial epicondyle of humerus
does not go through flexor retinaculum
supplies 1 1/2 flexor muscles in the anterior forearm and all muscles in hand not supplied by median nerve
fibers from C5,C6
branches off the superior root of brachial plexus
travels with suprascapular artery from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery
travels = through the scapular notch, deep to the superior transverse ligament, under supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
innervates = supraspinatus and infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
fibers from C8-T1
terminal branch off the brachial plexus, comes from the medial cord
travels with brachial artery down the upper arm, just before the cubital fossa it diverts medially
enters posterior compartment of arm to pass behind medial epicondyle of humerus
does not go through flexor retinaculum
supplies 1 1/2 flexor muscles in the anterior forearm and all muscles in hand not supplied by median nerve
ulnar nerve
fibers from C6-T1
terminal branch of the brachial plexus, comes from merging portions from lateral and medial cords
travels with brachial artery to cubital then ends up medial to brachial artery
goes through the flexor retinaculum
supplies 6 1/2 of flexor muscles in anterior forearm and 5 muscles in the hand
median nerve
fibers from C5, C6
terminal branch of brachial plexus, comes off the lateral cord
terminal portion (lateral antebrachial cutaneous) travels with the cephalic vein
travels through or on top of the coracobrachialis, then between the biceps brachii and brachialis, then sensor fibers continue as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve with the cephalic vein
supplies coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
fibers from C5-T1
largest terminal branch of the brachial plexus, comes off the posterior cord
travels with the deep brachial vessels (profundus brachii)
travels along the radial sulcus of the humerous under the triceps brachii, through the triangular interval to reach the lateral intermuscular septum, into lateral wall of cubital fossa
supplies the muscles on the dorsal side of arm and forearm
radial nerve
fibers from C5, C6
one of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus, branches off the posterior cord
travels with the posterior humeral circumflex artery
travels through the quadrangular space
innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles
axillary nerve
