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Anatomy > leg and dorsum of foot > Flashcards

leg and dorsum of foot Flashcards

1
Q

name the 7 tarsal bones

A 
talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuboid
three cuneiforms
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2
Q

the patella is which dermatome?

A

L4

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3
Q

the great toe is which dermatome?

A

L4

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4
Q

the little toe is which dermatome

A

S1

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5
Q

the posterior surface of the leg is supplied by which dermatome

A

S1,S2

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6
Q

the saphenous nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to where?

A

medial side of the leg to the medial side of the foot

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7
Q

the medial and lateral sural nerves supply cutaneous innervation to where?

A

the upper calf (lateral side) before joining together to form the sural nerve

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8
Q

the sural nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to where

A

posterior and lateral leg and lateral foot

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9
Q

the superficial peroneal/fibular nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to where?

A

dorsum of foot except area between the first two toes

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10
Q

the deep peroneal/fibular nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to where?

A

area between two toes

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11
Q

what muscles are contained within the deep portion of the posterior osteofascial compartment of the leg?

A

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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12
Q

what muscles are contained within the superficial portion of the posterior osteogascial compartment of the leg?

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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13
Q

the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg are innervated by what nerve?

A

tibial nerve

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14
Q

what muscles make up the triceps surae

A

gastrocnemius (2 heads)

soleus (1 head)

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15
Q

gastrocnemius

origin

A

two heads immediately above the two femoral condyles

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16
Q

gastrocnemius

inertion

A

through the calcaneal tendon to the back of the calcaneus

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17
Q

gastrocnemius

innervation

A

tibial nerve

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18
Q

gastrocnemius

action

A

flexor of the leg at the knee

strong plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle

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19
Q

soleus

origin

A

from the head and upper part of the fibula and from the soleal line of the tibia

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20
Q

soleus

insertion

A

with the gastrocnemius muscle; through the calcaneal tendon to the back of the calcaneus

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21
Q

soleus

innervation

A

tibial nerve

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22
Q

soleus

action

A

assists in plantar flexion
no action at the knee!
-doesnt cross the joint

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23
Q

plantaris

origin

A

next to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius m on the lateral condyle of the femur

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24
Q

plantaris

insertion

A

long thin tendon inserts on the medial side of the calcaneus adjacent to the calcaneal tendon

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25
Q

the muscles in the deep portion of the posterior osteofacial compartment are innervated by

A

tibial nerve

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26
Q

popliteus

origin

A

inside the capsule of the knee joint
from the lateral side of the lateral condyle of the femur
deep to the lateral collateral ligament

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27
Q

popliteus

insertion

A

on the back of the tibia above the soleal line

pierces the capsule of the knee joint under the arcuate ligament

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28
Q

popliteus

innervation

A

tibial nerve

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29
Q

popliteus

action

A

if the foot is not fixed: medially rotates leg
if the foot is fixed (as if standing on the floor): laterally rotates the femur

when knee is locked - unlocks the locked knee at the beginning of flexion (by rotating tibia relative to the femur)

when the knee is locked - the femur is medially rotated with respect to the leg

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30
Q

tibialis posterior

origin

A

from the interosseous membrane and adjacent bones

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31
Q

tibialis posterior

progression

A

from interosseous membrane, crosses between the flexor digitorum longus and tibia to lie adjacent to the medial malleolus, then enters the plantar surface of foot

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32
Q

popliteus

progression

A

lateral side to medial side across the back of the knee

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33
Q

tibialis posterior

insertion

A

sustenaculum tali, tubercle of navicular bone, three cuniform bones, cuboid bone
second, third, fourth metatarsal bones

34
Q

tibialis posterior

innervation

A

tibial nerve

35
Q

tibialis posterior

action

A

inverts the foot
adducts the foot
plantar flexes the foot

36
Q

flexor digitorum longus

origin

A

the back of the tibia

37
Q

flexor digitorum longus

progression

A

back of the tibia, crosses over tibialis posterior, and enters the foot

38
Q

flexor digitorum longus

insertion

A

to the distal phalanx of the lateral four toes

39
Q

flexor digitorum longus

innervation

A

tibial nerve

40
Q

flexor hallucis longus

origin

A

from the fibula and posterior intermuscular septum

41
Q

flexor hallucis longus

insertion

A

on the distal phalanx of the big toe (hallucis)

42
Q

flexor hallucis longus

progression

A

from the fibula and posterior intermusuclar septum
enters the foot by grooving the inferior surface of the sustenaculum tali
passes deep to the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

43
Q

flexor hallucis longus

innervation

A

tibial nerve

44
Q

the flexor retinaculum of the leg is attached to what structures?

A

medial malleolus anteriorly

calcaneus posteriorly

45
Q

from anterior to posterior, what structures pass through the flexor retinaculum?

A

tendon of the tibialis posterior
tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
neurovascular bundle to the plantar surface of the foot (tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery)
tendon of the flexor hallucis longus

46
Q

the muscles in the lateral osteofascial compartment of the leg are

A

fibularis/peroneus longus

fibularis/peroneus brevis

47
Q

the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment is

A

eversion of the foot
abduction of foot

peroneal longus
peroneal brevis

48
Q

the lateral osteofacial compartment is formed by

A

anterior intermuscular septum
posterior intermuscular septum
fibula

49
Q

fibularis/peroneus longus

origin

A

the upper portion of the fibula

50
Q

fibularis/peroneus longus

progression

A

upper portion of fibula
descends first superficial, then posterior to the peroneal brevis, passing posterior to the lateral malleolus
turns under the cuboid bone
then crosses the plantar surface of the foot

51
Q

fibularis/peroneus longus

insertion

A

medial cuneiform, first metatarsal

52
Q

fibularis/peroneus longus

innervation

A

superficial fibular/peroneal nerve

53
Q

fibularis/peroneus brevis

origin

A

lower potion of the fibula

54
Q

fibularis/peroneus brevis

progression

A

from the lower portion of the fibula

passes posterior to the lateral malleolus

55
Q

fibularis/peroneus brevis

insertion

A

base of the fifth metatarsal

56
Q

fibularis peroneus brevis

innervation

A

superficial fibular/peroneal nerve

57
Q

the lateral compartment is supplied by branches from which arteries

A

fibular/peroneal artery
anterior tibuial arteries
both branches off the popliteal

58
Q

the tendons of the lateral compartment are held in place by what structure

A

two fibular/peroneal retinaculum

superior fibular retinaculum
inferior fibular retinaculum

59
Q

the superior fibular retinaculum attaches where

A

lateral mallelous and calcaneus

holds tendons in a common synovial sheath

60
Q

the inferior fibular retinaculum attaches where

A

to the calcaneus near the inferior extensor retinaculum, crosses tendons and attaches to lateral surface of calcaneus

separate synovial sheaths

sort of a continuation of the inferior extensor retinaculum

61
Q

the muscles in the anterior osteofascial compartment include:

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
peroneus tertius

62
Q

the anterior osteofascial compartment is supplied by

A

deep peroneal nerve

anterior tibial artery

63
Q

the function of the anterior osteofascial compartment is:

A

dorsiflexion of the foot

“flex the foot”

64
Q

tibialis anterior

origin

A

from the tibia and the interosseous membrane

65
Q

tibialis anterior

insertion

A

near the inferior surfaces of the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones

66
Q

tibialis anterior

innervation

A

deep peroneal nerve

67
Q

tibialis anterior

action

A

dorsiflex the foot
invert the foot
adducts the foot

68
Q

extensor hallucis longus

origin

A

middle third of the leg from the interosseous membrane and fibula

69
Q

extensor hallucis longus

insertion

A

distal phalanx of the great toe

70
Q

extensor hallucis longus

innrevation

A

deep fibular/peroneal nerve

71
Q

extensor hallucis longus

action

A

extends the big toe

72
Q

extensor digitorum longus

origin

A

lateral condyle of the tibia, the fibula, anterior intermuscular septum, interosseous membrane

73
Q

extensor digitorum longus

insertion

A

as the extensor expansion on the toe

74
Q

peroneus tertius

progression

A

appears to be part of the extensor digitorum longus

but the tendon goes to the base of the fifth metatarsal rather than to the digit

75
Q

the strucutres passing through the superior extensor retinaculum are

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

tibialis anterior passes thorugh superior retinaculum in a synovial sheath

76
Q

the inferior extensor retinaculum : describe

A

Y shaped
stem of the y = attacehd to upper surface of calcaneus
attaches to the medial malleolus with one side of the Y
attaches to the deep fascia with the other limb of the Y

each muscle travels in a synovial sheath through the inferior extensor retinaculum

77
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

origin

A

from the superior surface of the calcaneus

divides into four bellies each with a tendon

78
Q

the first belly of the extensor digitorum brevis is sometimes known as the:

A

extensor hallucis brevis

79
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

insertion

A

first belly = attaches to proximal phalanx of the great toe

other three = attaches to the extensor digitorum longus tendon

80
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

innervation

A

deep peroneal nerve

Anatomy (19 decks)

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