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MAINS > sunya datasheet - Sheet2 > Flashcards

sunya datasheet - Sheet2 Flashcards

1
Q

5G

A
  • Subscriptions: India expected to have 500 million 5G users by 2027 (39% of mobile subscribers)\n- Economic Impact: Cumulative impact of over $1 trillion by 2035 (DoT Report)\n- Revenue Potential: $27 billion by 2026\n- Implementation costs: Estimated $60-70 billion (Deloitte)
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2
Q

Big Data

A
  • Market size: Expected to reach $18.8 billion by 2025 (CAGR 27%)\n- India
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3
Q

Blockchain Technology

A
  • Global Investment: $5.6 billion; India
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4
Q

Cryptocurrency

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  • India attracted $638 million in crypto and blockchain investments in 2021 (Tracxn Data)
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5
Q

Defence Budget

A
  • Ministry of Defence (MoD) allocation increased by 9.8% to INR 5.25 trillion (USD 70.6 billion) for 2022-23\n- 68% of capital budget earmarked for domestic manufacturing industries
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6
Q

Arms Imports

A
  • India accounted for 11% of global arms imports in 2017-21 (SIPRI 2021 report)\n- Top suppliers: Russia, France, and Israel\n- Decline in global arms transfers by 4.6% between 2017-21 compared to 2012-16 (SIPRI report)
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7
Q

Defence Exports

A
  • India
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8
Q

IPCC Report

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  • Over 45% of the global population lives in areas highly vulnerable to climate change.\n- Global sea levels projected to rise 44-76 cm this century if current emission-cutting pledges are met.\n- Urban India faces increased risk, with projected population of 877 million by 2050.
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9
Q

Climate Change Targets

A
  • IPCC AR6 (2021): Average global temperatures expected to rise by 1.5°C in 20 years and 2°C by 2050.\n- To limit temperature rise, CO2 levels must decrease by 45% by 2030, reaching net zero emissions.
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10
Q

INDC and Climate Impact

A
  • Current international pledges (INDC) suggest a path towards 3°C or more of global warming (Emissions Gap Report).\n- UNFCCC NDC Synthesis Report 2021 indicates current efforts could limit temperature rise to 1°C.
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11
Q

Climate Finance

A
  • $5.7 trillion annually needed for climate action, with $4 trillion required in developing countries (Economic Survey 2018).\n- India seeks $1 trillion in climate finance over the next decade from developed nations.
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12
Q

CO2 and SO2 Emissions

A
  • India
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13
Q

E-waste

A
  • India generated 3.23 million tons of e-waste, making it the third-largest producer globally (Global e-waste monitor Report 2020).\n- Only 17.4% of e-waste in India is collected or recycled.\n- Global e-waste expected to increase by 38% by 2030.
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14
Q

Waste Management

A
  • India is the third-largest waste generator globally.\n- Only 25% of total waste in India is treated; 75% is dumped in landfills.\n- Plastic waste generation exceeds 9000 tonnes per day in India (CPCB 2019).
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15
Q

Plastic Waste Management

A
  • India notified Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021, prohibiting single-use plastic from July 1, 2022.\n- Only 60% of plastic waste is recycled in India.
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16
Q

River Pollution (Ganga)

A
  • Ganga
17
Q

Sources of River Pollution

A
  • 80% of river pollution due to untreated waste and 20% due to industries.\n- Namami Ganga: Only 20% of allocated funds utilized (CAG Report).
18
Q

Water Stress and Pollution

A
  • India ranks 13th out of 17 most water-stressed countries (World Resource Institute).\n- Per capita availability: 1,486 m³ (India is water-scarce) (CWC Report).\n- Ministry of Urban Development: 80% of India’s surface water is polluted.\n- NITI Aayog Report: 40% of Indian population will have no access to drinking water.
19
Q

Groundwater Table (GWT)

A
  • India is the largest groundwater user (25% of global extraction).\n- 90% of groundwater used for irrigation.\n- NASA reports India
20
Q

Air Pollution

A
  • India ranks in the bottom five out of 180 countries for air quality (Environment Performance Index 2022).\n- World Air Quality Report 2021 (IQAir) highlights severe PM2.5 levels.\n- Delhi tops global charts for air pollution (Environment Performance Index 2022).\n- Lancet report: Air pollution caused 1.7 million deaths in India in 2019, contributing to 18% of total deaths and a 1.4% GDP loss due to premature mortality and morbidity.
21
Q

India’s Vulnerability

A
  • Earthquake: 60% of landmass prone to earthquakes.\n- Floods: 12% area prone to floods.\n- Drought: 68% area prone to drought.\n- Tsunami/Cyclone: 76% of coastline prone to disasters.
22
Q

Positive Example (Odisha)

A
  • In 1999 Cyclone: 13,000 deaths.\n- Cyclone Jawad: 2 deaths, showcasing improved disaster preparedness.
23
Q

Global Climate Risk Index 2021

A
  • India ranks as the 7th most vulnerable country.\n- Floods caused by heavy rains led to 1,800 deaths and affected 11.8 million people, causing $10 billion in economic damage.
24
Q

UN Report on Economic Losses

A
  • Cost of disasters in India: $76 billion (1999-2017).\n- Globally, a 151% rise in economic costs due to disasters.
25
Q

IPCC Report

A
  • In the last 20 years:\n - Disaster-related deaths: 1.3 million.\n - People affected: 4.4 billion.\n - Economic cost: $2 trillion.
26
Q

Terrorism

A
  • Highest deaths by Communist Party of India (Maoist) (53% of all deaths).\n- Jammu and Kashmir: 176% rise in terrorist incidents, 93% rise in security personnel deaths (2014-2018).\n- India ranks 8th in most terrorism-affected countries (Global Terrorism Index 2020).
27
Q

Left-Wing Extremism

A
  • Number of surrendered cadres: 480 in 2018, 340 in 2019.\n- 43% reduction in deaths (2014-2018).\n- Affected states: 9 states, 60 districts.
28
Q

Mob Lynching

A
  • Rising instances: 45 killed in 40 cases (2014-2018).\n- Instances like
29
Q

Black Money

A
  • Black money in India: 75% of GDP (FICCI 2015).\n- Black money stashed abroad: Estimates vary.
30
Q

Money Laundering

A
  • 2-5% of world GDP involved in money laundering (IMF).\n- India ranked 88th in AML Basel Index 2017.
31
Q

Organised Crime

A

NCRB – 378 communal riots (2021)
● The NCR reported the highest crime rate among
all metropolitan cities in 2016.
● Crimes against women: top state - UP (2016)

32
Q

Cyber Security

A

India ranked 2nd in cyber security breaches
● 5
th most vulnerable country in the world
in terms of cybersecurity breaches
● India saw at least 1 cybercrime every 10 min
● Cost: $4 Bn dollars. Expected to reach $20 Bn
in next 10 years.

MAINS (26 decks)

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