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keywords - gs3 Flashcards

1
Q

Keyword

A

Content

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

From Atmanirbhar Bharat to Viksit Bharat

A

Transition from Atmanirbharta (self-sufficiency) to Vikshit Bharat (developed nation).

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4
Q

Sweet Spot

A

It showcases the current and future potential for growth.

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5
Q

Virtuous Cycle Approach

A

Describes a chain of positive events that reinforces itself. A positive result leads to another positive result, strengthening circumstances as a whole. For example, India’s high economic growth period from 2003 to 2008.

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6
Q

Hard to Beat Size Advantage

A

The benefit of being bigger in size.

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7
Q

Neoteric (Modern) Innovators

A

Atal Tinkering Labs aim to cultivate 1 million children of India as Neoteric Innovators.

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8
Q

Economies of Scale to Economies of Scope

A

Economies of scale refer to cost advantages and efficiencies with increased production of a particular product.

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9
Q

Man-Making

A

Coined by Swami Vivekananda, referring to imparting resilience and personal responsibility among the people. For example, Atmanirbhar Bharat.

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10
Q

Vocal for Local

A

Emphasizes the importance of local manufacturing and supply chains, especially during the COVID-19 crisis. It asserts the need to support local businesses and products.

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11
Q

Information Asymmetry

A

A situation where there is imperfect knowledge, often occurring when one party has different information than another. For example, government structures may have weak mechanisms to collect ground-level information about farmers, leading to issues with the supply of credit.

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12
Q

One-Size Fits All Approach to Tailor-Made Approach

A

Tailor-made approach refers to catering to the specific needs of regions and people, as opposed to a one-size-fits-all strategy.

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13
Q

Departmentalism

A

When departments work in isolation, leading to unhealthy competition and narrow goals at the cost of organizational objectives. Unification of services aims to address this issue.

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14
Q

Siloed to Cross-Functional Approach

A

Moving from departments working in isolation to collaborative efforts where different departments share resources to achieve common goals.

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15
Q

Technological Upgradation and Diversification

A

Upgradation refers to advancements like from magnetic chip cards to encrypted chip cards, while diversification involves allowing card-less payments for low-value transactions.

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16
Q

Trade-Tech with Fin-Tech

A

The intersection of technology, finance, and trade to increase efficiency.

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17
Q

Technological Unemployment

A

Unemployment resulting from the introduction of new technology into the economy.

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18
Q

Technological Diffusion

A

The transfer of new technologies from their point of origin to new users in different countries.

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19
Q

Focused Diversification

A

Diversification within a specific, focused area, such as the recommendations of the Baba Kalyani committee on SEZ reforms in areas like engineering and design, biotech, and healthcare services.

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20
Q

SENSE for Startups

A

Acronym for Share, Explore, Nature, Serve, and Empower, relating to startup ecosystem development.

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21
Q

Single Window Clearance Mechanism

A

A system like PARIVESH for faster clearance of environmental, forest, wildlife, and CRZ proposals. For example, the civil aviation ministry’s Investment Clearance Cell.

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22
Q

One District, One Product

A

Promoting and manufacturing one product from each district, often focusing on GI-tagged products.

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23
Q

Missing Middle

A

Refers to the low concentration of medium-scale industries.

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24
Q

Ceteris Paribus

A

A Latin phrase meaning “all other things being equal,” used to isolate the effects of one variable while ignoring others. For example, examining the effect of supply chain changes on inflation while keeping other factors constant.

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25
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

Scarcity of basic necessities such as food, clean water, health, shelter, education, and information. It is marked by severe struggles for survival and high child mortality from preventable diseases.

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26
Q

Relative Poverty

A

Defined from a social perspective, comparing living standards to the economic standards of others in the surroundings. For example, a family may be considered poor if they cannot afford vacations or higher education for their children.

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27
Q

Multidimensional Poverty

A

Poverty defined by multiple indicators beyond income, such as poor health, poor quality of work, and the threat of violence.

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28
Q

Plug and Play Approach

A

Ready facilities with necessary infrastructure and clearances for starting an industry.

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29
Q

Process Education

A

Ensuring that knowledge translates into practical behavior, such as using an ATM card or performing a UPI transaction.

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30
Q

Demand Constrained Economy

A

An economy where the level of economic activity is limited by the demand for goods and services.

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31
Q

5C Approach

A

For Financial Literacy: Content, Capacity, Community, Communication, and Collaboration.

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32
Q

Shift from Information-Based Syllabus to Skill-Based Curriculum

A

NEP 2020 emphasizes vocational education from Class 6, including internships.

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33
Q

Sahakar se Samriddhi

A

Prosperity through cooperation.

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34
Q

Follower Mentality

A

How people are influenced by peers to adopt behaviors based on emotions rather than rationality.

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35
Q

Culture of Innovation

A

A corporate culture designed to promote the development of innovations within a company.

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36
Q

Jai Anusandhan

A

A push for innovation and research.

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37
Q

Walmartisation

A

The impact of a large chain store entering a region and negatively affecting local businesses, often pushing displaced workers into low-paying jobs.

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38
Q

McDonaldization

A

The increasing global spread of a standardized, fast-food culture.

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39
Q

Integrity Pact

A

A multi-party agreement involving a public body, interested companies, and a third-party organization to monitor compliance with the agreement.

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40
Q

Society of Abundance

A

A system where resources are distributed in a way that allows everyone access without limiting others.

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41
Q

Leaky Bucket Phenomenon

A

A situation where resources are lost due to poor management and allocation.

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42
Q

Atithi Devo Bhava

A

A social awareness campaign aimed at providing inbound tourists with a sense of being welcomed.

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43
Q

Trapped at Low End of Global Value Chain

A

Despite improvements in the ease of doing business, India remains at the low end of the global value chain, deterring international firms and affecting business rankings.

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44
Q

Job Seekers to Job Creators

A

Transitioning from job seekers to job creators, focusing on vocational training and entrepreneurship to address unemployment.

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45
Q

Regulatory Cholesterol

A

Excessive regulation that is detrimental to the economy, similar to how too much cholesterol is harmful to the human body. For example, EPF and IDA are termed as regulatory cholesterol.

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46
Q

4S Framework

A

Sampannata (enrichment through inflation control and loans), Surakshit Bhavishya (securing a healthy future with affordable healthcare and education), Shreshta Jeevan (better life with quality infrastructure), Saralta (hassle-free existence through Digital India).

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47
Q

Good Jobs

A

Characteristics of good jobs include being formal and productive, providing value for money, contributing to social transformation, and supporting export and growth.

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48
Q

Cross-Fertilization

A

Importing and mixing ideas from different sources to produce better products and services. For example, adopting technology from another industry.

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49
Q

Bang for the Buck

A

Refers to the worth of one’s money or effort.

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50
Q

Cross-Subsidization

A

Charging higher prices to one group of consumers to lower prices for another group.

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51
Q

CASA - IDS

A

SDG11: Connectivity, Affordable, Safe, Amenities, Inclusive, Disaster Resilient, related to housing.

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52
Q

PURA

A

Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas by developing urban infrastructure and services in rural hubs to create economic opportunities outside cities.

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53
Q

Manufacturing Consent

A

Manipulating public opinion to support desired outcomes, often through selective information. For example, presenting partial data to influence decision-making.

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54
Q

Big Ticket Reforms

A

Expensive and significant reforms.

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55
Q

Gig Workers

A

Workers outside traditional employer-employee relationships, such as freelancers.

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56
Q

Job Seekers into Job Creators

A

Encouraging individuals to create their own job opportunities through entrepreneurship.

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57
Q

Platform Workers

A

Workers who provide services through online platforms, earning money by offering specific services.

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58
Q

Crop Diversification and Sustainable Farming

A

Adding new crops or systems to agricultural production to reduce risk and ensure sustainability, addressing climate change challenges.

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59
Q

Milletpreneurs

A

Entrepreneurs focusing on building businesses around millets, with efforts to market and make them

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60
Q

Agri-Technology Innovations

A

Innovations to improve agricultural productivity and sustainability.

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61
Q

Inclusive Growth

A

Economic growth that benefits all sections of society, focusing on reducing inequalities.

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62
Q

Enhancing Productivity

A

Improving the efficiency and output of various sectors, particularly agriculture.

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63
Q

Atmanirbhar Bharat

A

India’s initiative towards self-reliance and reducing dependence on imports.

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64
Q

Keyword

A

Content

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65
Q
A
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66
Q

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF)

A

Refers to the net increase in physical assets (investment minus disposals). It does not account for depreciation. GFCF declined from 34.3% in 2011 to 28.8% in 2018.

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67
Q

Long Term Financing Landscape

A

Involves financial resources advanced for more than a year, using mechanisms like loan securitization and Infrastructure Development Funds (IDFs). Rising NPAs affect long-term lending.

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68
Q

Account Aggregators (AA)

A

Approved by RBI in 2016, these NBFCs facilitate the transfer of user financial data with explicit consent, providing a consolidated view of accounts for better decision-making.

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69
Q

Fiscal Room to Banks

A

Non-maintenance of CRR on loans to auto, housing, and MSME sectors encourages banks to lend more and generate economic multiplier effects.

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70
Q

Monetary Policy Transmission

A

The effect of changes in RBI rates on the lending rates of scheduled banks, impacting monetary policy outcomes.

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71
Q

Revitalizing Asset Monetization

A

Example: Government approved monetization of POWERGRID assets using InvIT model to fund new and ongoing capital projects.

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72
Q

Debt to GDP Ratio

A

Ratio of a country’s public debt to GDP, indicating the ability to repay debts. E.g., IMF projected India’s ratio at 89.3% in 2020.

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73
Q

Structured Early Intervention Mechanism

A

Prompt Corrective Action Framework by RBI (2002) for banks with poor asset quality or rising NPAs.

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74
Q

Differential Licensing System

A

Licensing system that provides different licenses, e.g., Small Finance Banks and Payments Banks under differential licensing.

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75
Q

Secured Creditors

A

Lenders with credit backed by security/mortgage, such as loans against property.

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76
Q

Fiscal Repression of Commercial Banks

A

When government borrowing forces Public Sector Banks to purchase more Government Securities, reducing capital availability for private sector and affecting profitability.

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77
Q

Crowding Out Effect

A

Increased government borrowing crowds out funds available for private borrowing/investment.

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78
Q

Roll Over Risk

A

Risk associated with refinancing debt, where new loans may have higher interest rates than the old ones.

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79
Q

Correlated Asset Risk

A

Risk faced by Urban Co-operative Banks where a significant local problem can lead to failures in single branch banks.

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80
Q

Eroding Credit Culture

A

Decline in the values, beliefs, and behaviors related to credit within a lending institution.

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81
Q

Hair Cut Losses

A

Refers to the lower-than-market value placed on an asset used as collateral for a loan.

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82
Q

Digital Finance Infrastructure

A

Examples include UPI and AePS transactions, showcasing the role of digital finance in making direct transfers and financial assistance available.

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83
Q

Deepening of Financial Markets/Financial Inclusion

A

NSFI aims to provide affordable access to formal financial services, broadening financial inclusion and promoting literacy and consumer protection.

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84
Q

Decentralized Localism

A

Creating systems that emphasize local brands, capacity-building, and indigenization.

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85
Q

Convergence of Action

A

National Strategy of Financial Inclusion focuses on broadening reach and sustaining efforts through coordinated actions among all stakeholders.

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86
Q

Digital Divide

A

The gap between demographics or regions with access to modern information and communication technology and those without.

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87
Q

Surveillance Capitalism

A

Economic system focused on commodifying personal data for profit-making purposes.

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88
Q

Digitalization

A

Process of using digital technologies to transform business models and create new revenue and value opportunities.

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89
Q

Deluge of Data/Colossal Quantity of Data

A

Overwhelming amount of new data being generated, surpassing institutions’ capacity to manage it.

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90
Q

Eco Chambers (Social Media)

A

Situations where beliefs are amplified and reinforced within closed systems, insulated from rebuttal.

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91
Q

Digital Footprints

A

Data trail created while using the internet, including websites visited, emails sent, and information submitted to online services.

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92
Q

Data as Public Good

A

Concept from Economic Survey 2018-2019 describing data as “Of the People, By the People, For the People.”

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93
Q

Keyword

A

Content

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94
Q
A
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95
Q

Data Democratization

A

Ensures that everyone has access to data without gatekeepers creating bottlenecks at the gateway to data.

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96
Q

3Ss: Speed, Simplicity, and Service

A

Modi’s concept that technology empowers the less empowered by combining speed, simplicity, and service.

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97
Q

Coherent Data Ecosystem

A

Data is published using shared standards for common indicators. For example, Indian ITeS companies process health data from various countries.

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98
Q

Debt-Creating Financial Instruments

A

Assets used to raise capital or generate investment income, such as bonds and government securities (G-Sec).

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99
Q

Held to Maturity (HTM)

A

Securities purchased to be held until maturity. Different accounting treatments apply compared to securities intended for short-term liquidation.

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100
Q

Short-Term Debt

A

Debt maturing within the next 12 months, including 14-day treasury bills, regular treasury bills, dated securities, and external debt with less than one year remaining maturity.

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101
Q

Treasury Bills

A

Discounted instruments issued by the government to manage short-term cash flow mismatches, with tenors of 91, 182, and 364 days.

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102
Q

Floating Rate Bonds (FRBs)

A

Securities with variable coupon rates. For example, the Floating Rate Saving Bond 2020 scheme.

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103
Q

Yield Differential

A

Differences in yields between different securities. For instance, 10-year Government of India bonds yielding 5.8% versus 1-year bonds yielding 3.8%.

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104
Q

Securitization

A

Process of converting assets into securities that can be bought and sold in financial markets.

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105
Q

Liquidity Crunch

A

Shortage of money supply in the market affecting businesses and industries.

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106
Q

De minimis Level

A

Agreements on Agriculture set subsidies at 10% for developing countries.

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107
Q

Due Restraint/Peace Clause

A

Article 13 of Agreements on Agriculture temporarily shields countries providing domestic support measures from WTO challenges.

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108
Q

Currency or Foreign Exchange Risk

A

Vulnerability of the debt portfolio to depreciation of the domestic currency relative to the currency of external loans, increasing debt servicing costs.

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109
Q

Exchange Rate Risk

A

Reduced demand for domestic securities relative to foreign securities due to poor credit rating may weaken the domestic currency.

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110
Q

Voluntary Retention Route

A

Allows investors easier rules in exchange for a commitment to remain invested for a longer period, encouraging long-term investments in Indian debt markets.

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111
Q

Certificate of Origin

A

Instrument that establishes the origin of goods imported into a country, essential for exporters to prove where their goods come from.

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112
Q

Multi-Layered Transactions

A

Guidelines to check the transfer of ownership through multi-layered transactions of FDIs in India to restricted parties.

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3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

TRIPS Flexibilities

A

Policy spaces within TRIPS to mitigate the impact of patents, especially during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.

114
Q

“Buy National” Policies

A

Policies aimed at adjusting the balance of payments with specific countries and saving foreign exchange.

115
Q

Local Content Requirement (LCR)

A

Requirement to add locally manufactured materials to a product. For example, India’s LCR clause in solar panel manufacturing was contested in WTO.

116
Q

Treatment of Investments

A

Provision in the Model Bilateral Investment Treaty prohibiting measures that violate customary international law for foreign investments.

117
Q

Hub and Spoke Model/Cluster-Based Approach

A

A system where local centers connect to a central head center, like the hub and spoke model for mega food parks.

118
Q

Infrastructure Asset Recycling

A

Monetization of existing public assets through sale or lease to the private sector, with proceeds reinvested in new infrastructure.

119
Q

Landlord Model

A

Publicly governed port authority acts as a regulatory body and landlord, while private companies handle operations, such as cargo handling. Example: Vadhavan port.

120
Q

Service Port Model

A

Port authority owns land and assets, performs all regulatory and port functions. The port trust is both landlord and cargo terminal operator.

121
Q

Supply Chain Fragility

A

Example: COVID-19 disrupted supply chains, slowing the economy due to lack of supply.

122
Q

Rationalized Coal Linkages

A

Aimed to reduce transportation distance from coal mines to consumers, easing the load on transportation infrastructure.

123
Q

Keyword

A

Content

124
Q
A
125
Q

RSS3E

A

Refers to Reliable, Safe, Sustainable, Efficient, Environment-Friendly, and Economic attributes related to transport.

126
Q

HIRA

A

Focus on development projects in the North-East region based on Highways, Inland waterways, Railways, Airways (according to NITI Aayog).

127
Q

SAHI

A

Future of mobility should be Safe, Adequate, Healthy, Infrastructure according to recommendations from the Global Mobility Summit.

128
Q

Jungle of Tariffs

A

Refers to the complex and untidy array of tariffs.

129
Q

Last Mile Connectivity

A

Getting people from transportation hubs like railway stations or metro stations to their final destination. Example: e-rickshaws from home to metro station.

130
Q

Build-Neglect-Rebuild

A

If maintenance is neglected from the start, a project will become dysfunctional and need to be restarted.

131
Q

Transport Divide

A

Unequal access to transportation, also known as transport exclusion, disadvantage, or deprivation.

132
Q

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

A

Urban development that maximizes residential, business, and leisure space within walking distance of public transport. Aims to increase public transport use and promote sustainable growth.

133
Q

EASE

A

Enhancing Access and Service Excellence.

134
Q

Reverse Bundling

A

High-cost thermal power is bundled with cheaper renewable energy to provide round-the-clock supply to DISCOMs, promoting renewable energy in a market-driven manner.

135
Q

Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs)

A

Compulsory for large energy consumers to ensure a certain percentage of energy is from renewable sources, boosting the renewable sector.

136
Q

Must Run Status

A

A status that requires power plants to supply electricity to the grid under all conditions. Renewable power plants have this status, but issues with power generation prediction can lead to curtailment.

137
Q

Energy Efficiency

A

Using less energy to provide the same service. Example: Compact fluorescent bulbs use less energy compared to traditional incandescent bulbs.

138
Q

Effective Energy Transition

A

Transition from traditional fossil fuels to renewable sources.

139
Q

Gate Closure

A

The point at which trading bids in the real-time market cannot be modified for a specified delivery period.

140
Q

Issues of Intermittency

A

Irregularity in energy generation from renewable sources.

141
Q

24x7 Power for All

A

Objective to provide continuous power supply to all households, industries, commercial businesses, public needs, and agriculture.

142
Q

From Annadata to Urjadata

A

Concept that farmers should be recognized not only as food producers (‘annadata’) but also as energy producers (‘urjadata’).

143
Q

MSME “Silent Engine for Growth”

A

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are characterized by low investment requirements, operational flexibility, and capacity to develop indigenous technology.

144
Q

Premature Deindustrialization

A

The phenomenon where countries lose manufacturing jobs before becoming wealthy, leading to underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector.

145
Q

4th Industrial Revolution

A

Ongoing automation of traditional manufacturing using modern smart technologies, such as IoT (Internet of Things).

146
Q

Sunset Industry

A

An industry in decline or that has passed its peak, often protected for employment reasons.

147
Q

Sunrise Industry

A

A new or rapidly growing industry expected to become important in the future, such as hydrogen fuel production or food processing.

148
Q

Footloose Industry

A

Industry that can be located anywhere without being affected by factors of production. Examples include diamonds and computer chips.

149
Q

MSME Darwinism

A

Refusal to expand an enterprise to avail benefits meant for smaller enterprises, leading to remaining small to avoid compliance with labor laws.

150
Q

Mom & Pop Shops

A

Small, family-owned or independent businesses, like bookstores or restaurants.

151
Q

Empowering through Enterprise

A

Encouraging individuals to start their own businesses and earn a livelihood.

152
Q

Membership Based Employment

A

A Japanese concept where employees become members of a company and try different job types before settling on the most suitable role.

153
Q

Utility Death Spiral

A

Scenario where increased use of solar cells reduces demand for grid electricity, leading to higher prices and more people shifting to solar cells.

154
Q

Zero: Emission, Defect, Incident

A

Smart manufacturing principles aiming for zero emissions, defects, and incidents.

155
Q

Cane Reservation Area

A

Area where sugar mills are required to purchase sugarcane from local farmers, who are bound to sell to that mill.

156
Q

Mechanical Inefficiency

A

Outdated technology and poor industry-farm linkages reduce the efficiency of sugar production.

157
Q

Captive Mining

A

Mining coal for a company’s own use (e.g., steel production or power generation) without selling it in the market.

158
Q

Integrated Value Chain

A

Involves food processing and necessary forward and backward linkages to the value chain.

159
Q

MSME- Bane of Dwarfism

A

MSMEs avoiding growth into larger enterprises to benefit from smaller enterprise advantages.

160
Q

Animal Spirits

A

The influence of human emotion on financial decision-making in uncertain or volatile times.

161
Q

Reform, Perform, and Transform

A

The principle guiding improvements in Ease of Doing Business, as articulated by PM.

162
Q

Term

A

Description

163
Q
A
164
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

Sensationalist news with little legitimate content, often using eye-catching headlines. Example: Fake news.

165
Q

Presstitute

A

Journalists who provide biased and predetermined views. Example: Politically motivated news by anchors.

166
Q

Revolving Door Arrests

A

Frequent arrests and releases to manage a situation temporarily.

167
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

Mass expulsion or killing of a particular ethnic or religious group. Example: Rohingya expulsion from Myanmar.

168
Q

Demilitarized Zone

A

An area where military activities are prohibited. Example: The DMZ in Korea.

169
Q

Underhand Censorship

A

Self-imposed censorship by media to avoid propaganda and fulfill national duties.

170
Q

Adverse List

A

List of individuals under special notice for illicit activities. Example: Removal of Indian-origin Sikhs from the list post-Anti Sikh Riots.

171
Q

Youth Radicalization

A

Youth adopting extreme political, social, or religious ideals that challenge the status quo.

172
Q

Cryptographic Protocols

A

Security protocols applying cryptographic methods to secure communications.

173
Q

Bleeding Edge Technology

A

Extremely new technologies that may be unreliable and expensive.

174
Q

Cyber Deterrence

A

Strategies to prevent cyber threats, including legal actions and making networks resilient.

175
Q

Trophy Attacks

A

Terrorist attacks designed to create fear and enhance the legitimacy of a terror group. Example: 26/11 Mumbai attacks.

176
Q

Lone Wolf Attacks

A

Violent acts committed by individuals acting alone, without group assistance. Example: French school teacher beheading.

177
Q

Paramilitary Panacea

A

Deployment of central paramilitary forces to handle local disturbances.

178
Q

Trigger Happy Culture

A

Readiness to use firearms at the slightest provocation. Example: Shootouts in Delhi.

179
Q

Triple Threats

A

Combination of terrorism, communalism, and extremism.

180
Q

Sundarji Doctrine

A

India’s defense strategy till 2001: Defensive forces on the border and offensive forces in central India.

181
Q

Cold Start Doctrine

A

Offensive forces on the border and defensive forces in central India.

182
Q

Social Engineering

A

Malicious activities involving psychological manipulation to trick users into making security mistakes.

183
Q

Cyber Bullying

A

Offensive or harassing behavior through technology.

184
Q

Tukde Tukde Gang

A

Derogatory term for media figures spreading malicious narratives.

185
Q

Grid Border Protection

A

Modernizing border security from linear to grid-based protection.

186
Q

One-Force-One-Border Principle

A

Each border should have a single controlling force for security.

187
Q

Same Language Subtitling

A

Practice of providing subtitles in the same language to enhance media accessibility and literacy. Example: Turn-On-Subtitles in UK children’s programming.

188
Q

Terrorism Related

A

Approaches to dealing with terrorism, including zero-tolerance and managing lone wolf attacks.

189
Q

Urban Terrorism

A

Terrorism targeting urban areas and populations.

190
Q

Hot Pursuit

A

Right to pursue a foreign vessel violating laws within territorial boundaries.

191
Q

Lax Gun Control Regime

A

Weak gun control laws contributing to mass-casualty attacks.

192
Q

Red Herring

A

Distraction or misleading argument used to divert attention. Example: Facebook’s privacy concerns as a distraction from data commercialization.

193
Q

Cryptographic Protocols

A

Use of cryptographic methods in technologies like blockchain for security.

194
Q

No First Use Doctrine

A

Policy of using nuclear weapons only in retaliation to a nuclear attack.

195
Q

Prohibited Online and Illegal Content

A

Content that is illegal or offensive, such as obscene material and pirated content.

196
Q

Counter-Narratives

A

Positive messages designed to counter extremist propaganda.

197
Q

Prison Issues

A

Problems in prisons including overcrowding, understaffing, and underfunding.

198
Q

Identity Theft

A

Criminal access to personal information for financial gain or other benefits.

199
Q

Community Policing

A

Collaborative approach between police and community to prevent and address local crime.

200
Q

Maritime Domain Awareness and UDA

A

Security measures for maritime and underwater domains.

201
Q

Resolute and Irreversible Action

A

Firm actions against terrorism, focusing on effective denial operations.

202
Q

Governance Deficit

A

Lack of effective governance leading to security issues.

203
Q

Salwa Judum

A

Peace campaign in Chhattisgarh, often linked to controversy.

204
Q

Environment of Intimidation

A

Creation of an atmosphere of fear and censorship for critical journalists.

205
Q

Fifth Domain of Warfare

A

Cyber space as a domain of warfare.

206
Q

Militarization and Weaponization of Cyber Space

A

Threats posed by military and weaponization of cyber space.

207
Q

Sealed Cover Jurisprudence

A

Legal practice of keeping sensitive materials undisclosed.

208
Q

High Altitude Warfare

A

Warfare conducted in high-altitude environments, requiring specialized training and infrastructure.

209
Q

Developmental Loneliness

A

Feeling of isolation due to slower personal development compared to peers.

210
Q

Disinformation Malaise

A

Negative impact of false information spread via social media.

211
Q

Cyber Deterrence

A

Strategies to prevent cyber attacks by influencing adversaries’ behavior.

212
Q

Early Childhood Indoctrination

A

Process of influencing children’s ideologies from an early age.

213
Q

Strategic De-Radicalization

A

Efforts to counteract radicalization and extremism.

214
Q

Clear, Hold and Develop Strategy

A

Approach to dealing with extremism by clearing areas of extremism, holding control, and developing the region.

215
Q

Jal-Jangal-Jameen Issues

A

Issues related to tribal communities’ relationships with nature, disrupted by development.

216
Q

Effective Ear and Eyes Scheme

A

Involving citizens in counter-terrorism efforts through vigilance.

217
Q

SAMADHAN

A

Framework for addressing internal security issues: Smart leadership, aggressive strategy, motivation and training, actionable intelligence, KPIs, harnessing technology, action plan for theater, and no access to finance.

218
Q

Urban Naxals

A

Activists in urban areas supporting Naxalite ideologies.

219
Q

Ethnicity, Economic Development, and Elections

A

Factors contributing to militancy in North-East India.

220
Q

Zero-Day Vulnerability

A

Software vulnerability discovered by attackers before the vendor is aware.

221
Q

Cyber Espionage

A

Unauthorized access to sensitive data for economic or political gain.

222
Q

Honey Trapping

A

Use of romantic or sexual relationships for espionage or monetary purposes.

223
Q

Cyber Hacktivists

A

Individuals who hack systems to promote specific campaigns.

224
Q

Cyber Hygiene

A

Practices for maintaining cybersecurity, such as regular updates and password changes.

225
Q

Information Superiority

A

Achieving a superior position in managing and countering social media misuse.

226
Q

4D Principle for Cyber Security

A

Cybersecurity strategies: Deter, Detect, Destroy, and Document.

227
Q

Radicalization in Prisons

A

Spread of extreme ideologies within prison environments.

228
Q

SMART Police

A

Effective police qualities: Strict, sensitive, modern, mobile, alert, accountable, reliable, responsive, techno-savvy, and trained.

229
Q

Ek Bharat, Shreshta Bharat

A

Initiative for strengthening cultural connections between different regions of India.

230
Q

Others

A

Concepts such as risk-informed approaches, hyper-information age, knee-jerk responses, Hammer and Tongs strategy, Winning Hearts and Minds (WHAM), strategic courage, synthetic media, and clickbait journalism.

231
Q

Keyword

A

Content

232
Q
A
233
Q

Disaster Management

A

Example, very severe cyclone Hudhud and Phailin claimed lives of around 138 and 45 people respectively, which might have been more. It was reduced due to early warning and relocation of the population from the cyclone-hit areas. While very severe cyclone Ockhi claimed many lives of people in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

234
Q

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC)

A

The principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) outlined in the UNFCCC, recognises that countries (known as Parties) have different duties and abilities to address the negative impacts of climate change, but all countries have an obligation to address climate change.

235
Q

Build Back Better

A

Sendai Framework is enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

236
Q

Precautionary Principles

A

According to the principle, authorities must take precautionary measures when stakes are high, despite when scientific evidence about the expected event being harmful is not yet certain. E.g. The aggressive methods to halt the virus by suspending mobility are examples of a strategy known as the ‘precautionary principle’.

237
Q

Three Variables of Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)

A

Capability, Capacity and Credibility

238
Q

Public Trust Doctrine

A

Public Trust Doctrine primarily rests on the principle that certain resources like air, sea, waters and forests have such great importance to the people as a whole that it would be unjustified to make them a subject of private ownership.

239
Q

5Ps (SDGs)

A

People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. The 5 Ps highlight how the SDGs are an intertwined framework instead of a group of siloed goals.

240
Q

Intergenerational Equity

A

The principle of intergenerational equity assumes that natural resources are a common in which the stake of future generations must be secured. E.g. National Mineral Policy 2019 introduces the concept of intergenerational equity that deals with the well-being not only of the present generation and also of the generations to come.

241
Q

Absolute Liability Principle

A

Under it, a party/company in a hazardous industry cannot claim any exemption. It has to mandatorily pay compensation, whether or not the disaster was caused by its negligence.

242
Q

Global Stocktaking

A

It refers to a proposed five-yearly review of the impact of countries’ climate change actions. Under the Paris Agreement, every country must present a climate action plan in five-yearly cycles. It is supposed to be similar to the plan countries submitted in the run-up to the talks that concluded last week.

243
Q

Waste to Energy (Kachre se Kanchan), Waste to Wealth

A

A waste-to-energy or energy-from-waste plant converts municipal and industrial solid waste into electricity and/or heat for industrial processing.

244
Q

Climate Apartheid

A

World is increasingly at risk of “climate apartheid”, where rich pay to escape heat & hunger caused by escalating climate crisis while rest of the world suffers.

245
Q

From Climate Disaster to Climate Opportunity

A

Climate opportunity refers to potential for economic, social and environmental benefits that can arise from taking action to address climate change.

246
Q

Historical Injustice

A

E.g. USA being highest polluter of history has pulled out itself from Paris Climate deal and refused to provide help to poor countries.

247
Q

Triple Bottom Line: People, Planet, Profit

A

A key approach buzzing in the corporate responsibility ecosphere to measure the socio-ecological impact of a company’s operations is the ‘Triple Bottom Line’ or TBL approach to sustainability.

248
Q

Small Is Beautiful

A

Small Is Beautiful idea argued that capitalism brought higher living standards at the cost of deteriorating culture. The belief that natural resources should be conserved led to conclude that bigness—in particular, large industries and large cities—would lead to the depletion of those resources.

249
Q

Tragedy of Commons

A

When a resource, available to all, is exploited by individuals acting in their own self-interest, leads to resource’s depletion.

250
Q

Polluter Pays Principle

A

Polluter pays principle is enacted to make the party responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done to the natural environment.

251
Q

Green Infrastructure than Grey Infrastructure

A

People often don’t think of forests, wetlands, coral reefs, and other natural ecosystems as forms of infrastructure, but they should. Forests, for instance, can prevent silt and pollutants from entering streams that supply freshwater to downstream cities and businesses. They can act as natural water filtration plants. As such, they are a form of “green infrastructure” that can serve the same function as “gray infrastructure,” the human-engineered solutions that often involve concrete and steel.

252
Q

Climate Diplomacy

A

Climate diplomacy is practice and process of creating international climate change regime and ensuring its effective operation. E.g. India has tried to prove its leadership role in the Climate Domain by launching International Solar Alliance (ISA) in 2015, a flagship for India’s enhanced climate engagement.

253
Q

Greenwashing

A

False and misleading action by organization about their product impact on the environment.

254
Q

Right to Prosperity

A

Climate justice is a term used for framing global warming as an ethical and political issue, rather than one that is purely environmental or physical in nature. Climate justice is important because if all the countries share the responsibility equally, then developing countries would be paying an unjust amount of price for none of their fault.

255
Q

Concrete Jungle

A

As metaphor, “Concrete Jungle” evokes worst aspects of modern urban life. Cold structures of concrete and steel, with manmade towers casting earth into shadow by blocking out the sun.

256
Q

Not A Mirage of Hope but Goal with Definite

A

PM Modi in UNGA Summit held that “We are focusing on the basics: housing, power, water and sanitation for all – important not just for welfare, but also human dignity. These are goals with a definite date, not just a mirage of hope.”

257
Q

Green Politics

A

Green politics are a set of political ideologies and social movements which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals, and on achieving these goals through broad-based, grassroots, participatory democracy.

258
Q

Climate Refugees

A

Climate refugees are a subset of environmental migrants who were forced to flee “due to sudden or gradual alterations in the natural environment related to climate change. E.g. Climate refugees can be found all over the world, displaced by coastal flooding in Dhaka, by hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico, or due to desertification of Lake Chad in West Africa.

259
Q

Global Common

A

Global commons have been traditionally defined as those parts of the planet that fall outside national jurisdictions and to which all nations have access. Namely: The high Seas, The atmosphere, Antarctica, The Outer Space.

260
Q

Flood Management to Flood Governance

A

868 people have lost their lives to floods in 11 states–MoHA. Focus should shift from relief measures to building resilience in flood-prone areas.

261
Q

3 Goods at Sustainable Development

A

Good for You, Good for Planet, Good for Producer

262
Q

4Gs of Sustainable Development

A

Green energy, Green growth, Green infrastructure and Green jobs.

263
Q

Ecology is Permanent Economy

A

Sundarlal Bahuguna, a famous Gandhian, started Chipko movement also known for coining the Chipko slogan ‘ecology is permanent economy’.

264
Q

Carbon Offset, Carbon Sequestration

A

A carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for emissions made elsewhere. Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.

265
Q

Next Generation Climate Resilient Infrastructure

A

Government has invested heavily in forecast technologies, designed & implemented large-scale disaster evacuation strategies and come up SOPS for effective relief operations.

266
Q

Keyword

A

Content

267
Q
A
268
Q

Shift from Subsistence to Sustainability

A

Shift from farm to mouth toward sustainable and profitable agriculture.

269
Q

Greendustrial Development

A

Use of environmentally friendly and sustainable practices in production of industries.

270
Q

Water Budgeting

A

Water budgets at watershed level will inform communities about how much water they have, so it can be equitably shared within communities. Water budgets for river basin will inform communities how much must be left for downstream users, ensuring that water resources are allocated between communities fairly and transparently.

271
Q

Think Globally. Act Locally

A

Think globally, act locally urges people to consider health of the entire planet and to take action in own communities and cities.

272
Q

Culture of Prevention

A

Socialization and cultural acceptance which help environment preservation. E.g. Baiga tribe, in Kanha-Pench reserve, which worship forest and not even break tree branch.

273
Q

Extended Producer Responsibility

A

In the field of waste management, extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a strategy to add all of the environmental costs associated with a product throughout the product life cycle to the market price of that product.

274
Q

Decarbonization

A

Process of reducing ‘carbon intensity’, lowering the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

275
Q

Concrete Jungles

A

With urbanization comes concrete jungle, crowded forest of skyscrapers shrouded in air pollution and filthy rivers.

276
Q

Climate Environmental Refugees

A

People who must leave their homes and communities because of the effects of climate change and global warming.

277
Q

Carbon Space

A

Carbon space refers to the amount of carbon that can be released into the atmosphere by 2100 so that the rise in global temperature can be capped at 2 degrees Celsius.

278
Q

Absolute Liability

A

If any person is engaged in an inherently dangerous or hazardous activity, then the person who is carrying out such activity will be held absolutely liable.

279
Q

Evolutionary Conversion

A

This occurs when unrelated species with similar niches and living in comparable environments are subjected to parallel regimes of natural selection, resulting in their evolution to be similar in morphology, physiology, and behaviour.

280
Q

Cultural Eutrophication

A

Caused by anthropogenic nutrient inputs, usually through sewage dumping or fertilizer runoff. See also eutrophication.

281
Q

Environmental Citizenship

A

Actions taken by individuals and families to lessen their impacts on the environment.

282
Q

Habitat Fragmentation

A

Climate change also makes wildlife habitats susceptible to disasters and makes ecosystems more prone to fragmentation.

MAINS (27 decks)

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