definition - gs1

Question 1

Waves

Answer 1

Waves are disturbances on the surface of the sea or ocean, in an up-and-down form.

Question 2

Tides

Answer 2

Tides are the periodical rise and fall of sea level mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon.

Question 3

Currents

Answer 3

Ocean currents are like river flows in oceans, representing a regular volume of water in a definite path and direction.

Question 4

Volcano

Answer 4

A volcano is an opening in Earth’s crust that allows molten rock from beneath the crust to reach the surface.

Question 5

Volcanism

Answer 5

Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth.

Question 6

Soil

Answer 6

Soil is the unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the surface of the Earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Question 7

Tropical Cyclones

Answer 7

Tropical cyclones are intense, water-rotating systems formed by strong winds around low-pressure areas.

Question 8

Polar Vortex

Answer 8

The polar vortex is a large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth’s North and South Poles.

Question 9

El Niño/La Niña

Answer 9

El Niño is the abnormal warming of sea surface temperature (SST) of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru in South America, while La Niña is the opposite, an abnormal cooling of SST.

Question 10

Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)

Answer 10

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a condition when the Sea Surface Temperature of the western region of the Indian Ocean alternately becomes abnormally colder and then abnormally hotter than the eastern region.

Question 11

Indo-Pacific

Answer 11

The Indo-Pacific is a geopolitical construct representing an integrated theatre that combines the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and the land masses that surround them.

Question 12

Permafrost

Answer 12

Permafrost is ground that remains completely frozen at 0°C or below for at least two years. It is composed of rock, soil, and sediments held together by ice and is believed to have formed during glacial periods dating several millennia.

Question 13

Zero Budget Natural Farming

Answer 13

Zero Budget Natural Farming is a natural farming technique where farming is done without the use of chemicals and without spending money on purchased inputs.

Question 14

Heat Budget of Earth

Answer 14

The heat budget of the Earth is the balance between incoming solar insolation and outgoing terrestrial radiation.

Question 15

Cryosphere

Answer 15

The cryosphere is the part of the Earth’s climate system that includes solid precipitation, snow, sea ice, lake and river ice, icebergs, glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground.

Question 16

Ocean Currents

Answer 16

Ocean currents are horizontal movements of seawater produced by gravity, wind, and water density.

Question 17

Colonization

Answer 17

Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another country. It involves unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony.

Question 18

Industrial Revolution

Answer 18

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States between 1760 and 1840, including going from hand production methods to machines and iron production processes.

Question 19

Neo-colonialism

Answer 19

Neo-colonialism is the policy whereby an industrialized country dominates the policies of a developing nation for economic gain, often disregarding the economic and social interests of the developing country.

Question 20

Communism

Answer 20

Communism is a political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and

Question 21

Socialism

Answer 21

Socialism is a system of social organization advocating the ownership and control of the means of production by the community as a whole.

Question 22

Imperialism

Answer 22

Imperialism is the practice of extending power and dominion, especially through direct territorial acquisition or gaining political and economic control of other areas.

Question 23

Glocalisation

Answer 23

Glocalisation is the intermixing of globalization and localization tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems.

Question 24

Renaissance

Answer 24

The Renaissance, from the French meaning ‘rebirth’, was a cultural movement inspired by revived interest in classical Greece and Rome, leading to major developments in learning and the arts.

Question 25

Enlightenment

Answer 25

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that challenged traditional beliefs in religion, politics, and learning in general, advocating reason and progress.

Question 26

De-Colonization

Answer 26

Decolonization is the process of undoing colonialism. After the Second World War, imperial nations began transferring power to indigenous people in their respective colonies, a process termed decolonization.