definition - gs1 Flashcards
Waves
Waves are disturbances on the surface of the sea or ocean, in an up-and-down form.
Tides
Tides are the periodical rise and fall of sea level mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon.
Currents
Ocean currents are like river flows in oceans, representing a regular volume of water in a definite path and direction.
Volcano
A volcano is an opening in Earth’s crust that allows molten rock from beneath the crust to reach the surface.
Volcanism
Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth.
Soil
Soil is the unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the surface of the Earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones are intense, water-rotating systems formed by strong winds around low-pressure areas.
Polar Vortex
The polar vortex is a large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth’s North and South Poles.
El Niño/La Niña
El Niño is the abnormal warming of sea surface temperature (SST) of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru in South America, while La Niña is the opposite, an abnormal cooling of SST.
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a condition when the Sea Surface Temperature of the western region of the Indian Ocean alternately becomes abnormally colder and then abnormally hotter than the eastern region.
Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a geopolitical construct representing an integrated theatre that combines the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and the land masses that surround them.
Permafrost
Permafrost is ground that remains completely frozen at 0°C or below for at least two years. It is composed of rock, soil, and sediments held together by ice and is believed to have formed during glacial periods dating several millennia.
Zero Budget Natural Farming
Zero Budget Natural Farming is a natural farming technique where farming is done without the use of chemicals and without spending money on purchased inputs.
Heat Budget of Earth
The heat budget of the Earth is the balance between incoming solar insolation and outgoing terrestrial radiation.
Cryosphere
The cryosphere is the part of the Earth’s climate system that includes solid precipitation, snow, sea ice, lake and river ice, icebergs, glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground.
Ocean Currents
Ocean currents are horizontal movements of seawater produced by gravity, wind, and water density.
Colonization
Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another country. It involves unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States between 1760 and 1840, including going from hand production methods to machines and iron production processes.
Neo-colonialism
Neo-colonialism is the policy whereby an industrialized country dominates the policies of a developing nation for economic gain, often disregarding the economic and social interests of the developing country.
Communism
Communism is a political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and
Socialism
Socialism is a system of social organization advocating the ownership and control of the means of production by the community as a whole.
Imperialism
Imperialism is the practice of extending power and dominion, especially through direct territorial acquisition or gaining political and economic control of other areas.
Glocalisation
Glocalisation is the intermixing of globalization and localization tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems.
Renaissance
The Renaissance, from the French meaning ‘rebirth’, was a cultural movement inspired by revived interest in classical Greece and Rome, leading to major developments in learning and the arts.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that challenged traditional beliefs in religion, politics, and learning in general, advocating reason and progress.
De-Colonization
Decolonization is the process of undoing colonialism. After the Second World War, imperial nations began transferring power to indigenous people in their respective colonies, a process termed decolonization.
