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MAINS > sunya datasheet - Sheet1 > Flashcards

sunya datasheet - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gender Wage Gap - Global Gap

A

Globally Women paid 20% less (WEF), Women only make 77 cents for every dollar earned by men (UN Women Worldwide)

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2
Q

Gender Wage Gap - Global Gender Gap Report (India)

A

India in 2021 ranked 140th among 156 nations

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3
Q

Gender Wage Gap - India’s Gender Gap

A

Women paid 34% less than men (WEF), Income of women in India is only one-fifth of men (ADP institute, 2021), Women collectively lost Rs 59.11 lakh crore in earnings in 2020 (OXFAM)

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4
Q

Wage Differentials - Wage Categories

A

Women consist of 60% of the lowest wage category, Women consist of only 15% of top wage earners

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5
Q

Women at Workplace - Ranking (Women Participation Rate)

A

84th out of 87 countries (2012)

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6
Q

Women at Workplace - Sector-wise breakdown

A

Agriculture (Oxfam Report)
e 80% of all economically active women
* 33% Agrilabour
* 48% self-employed farmers
e 20% in the secondary sector
e 18% in services
More than 95% of India’s working women are
informal workers (ILO)

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7
Q

Women at Workplace - Informal Workers

A

More than 95% of India’s working women are informal workers (ILO)

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8
Q

Female Labour Force Participation Rate (F-LFPR) - Trend

A

Falling steeply in the last 2 decades — from about 30.5% in 2000 to 21.1% in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 18.6% in 2020 (post-pandemic) (ILO)

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9
Q

Female Labour Force Participation Rate (F-LFPR) - World Average

A

49%(F); 75%(M)

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10
Q

Female Labour Force Participation Rate (F-LFPR) - India Ranking

A

India ranks 121 out of 131 countries on female LFPR (ILO)

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11
Q

Earnings - Monthly Earnings in India

A

According to IMF, In India, 82% of males and 92% of females earn less than Rs 10000 per month (As per the State of Working India report)

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12
Q

Crimes against Women - Increase in Crime rates

A

30% increase in 2021 (National Commission for Women data), 8.3% decrease in 2020 (NCRB Data)

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13
Q

Crimes against Women - Domestic Violence

A

NFHS-5, Karnataka ranks no.1, 32% of ever-married Indian women experienced spousal physical, sexual, or emotional violence (Nearly 1/3rd), Only 14% brought the issue up, UN raised concern about increased cases and named it as ‘Hidden Pandemic’

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14
Q

Crimes against Women - Rape

A

Rape is the 4th most common crime against women in India, India recorded an average of 77 rape cases daily in 2020 (NCRB)

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15
Q

Crimes against Women - Missing Women (UNFPA State of World Population report)

A

World- Doubled from 61 million in 1970 to 142.6 millions in 2020, India- 45.8 million

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16
Q

Credit

A

Credit penetration to women is 12% in 2021, 79% of women-run enterprises are self-financed, Only 4.4% borrowed money from a financial institution or received assistance from the government, Women run about 8 million MSMEs, 97.5% of women enterprises are in the micro sectors, Women entrepreneurs account for 20% of all MSMEs (NSSO data), 67 million Indian women are members of six million SHGs (World Bank)

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17
Q

Politics women

A

Represent 10.5% of the total members of the Parliament (ECI data), In last 75 years, women’s representation in Lok Sabha has not even increased by 10%, 17th Lok sabha has 78 women MPs (highest in history of Lok Sabha), 14% in Lok Sabha (4.4% in 1952), India is still worse than 140 countries in the representation of women in Parliament, World Average: 24.6% representation, Global proportion of women parliamentarians

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18
Q

Contribution to GDP

A

18% (World Bank Data 2020), McKinsey Global Institute- India could add $770 billion to its GDP by 2025 by offering equal opportunities to women

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19
Q

Economic Discrimination

A

2.4 bn women globally do not have same economic rights as men (World Bank), Unpaid work: 66%, Wage Gap: 34%, Women composition at board member level:11%, Board Level : Only 11% of women present at board level in companies, Agri Census 2015-16: 13.87% women have land ownership

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20
Q

Women as Entrepreneurs

A

Not more than 14% of business establishments in India are run by female entrepreneurs (NSSO), Google-Bain report estimated that women owned 13.5-15.7 million or 20% of all enterprises, Percentage in Agriculture sector: 34%, Women as Startup founders: 9% (NASSCOM)

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21
Q

Women and Education

A

UNICEF Data, Worldwide, 129 million girls are out of school, Only 49% of countries have achieved gender parity in primary education, At the secondary level, the gap widens: 42% of countries have achieved gender parity in lower secondary education, and 24% in upper secondary education, We have closed 3rd Education Gap recently, Literacy rate among women is 65.46% (2011 census)

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22
Q

Population - Composition

A

0-14 years: 26.31%, 15-24 years: 17.51%, 25-54 years: 41.56%, 55-64 years: 7.91%, 65 years and over: 6.72% (2011 Census)

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23
Q

Population - Rural-Urban Population

A

Urban: 31.16%, Rural: 68.84% (2011 Census)

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24
Q

Population - Median Age

A

Total: 28.1 years, Male: 27.5 years, Female: 28.9 years (2011 Census)

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25
Q

Population - Population Growth Rate

A

1.1% (2020 est.)

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26
Q

Population - Migration

A

India has 450 million internal migrants (2011 census), Number of migrant blue-collar workers who have moved inter-state is around 150 million

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27
Q

Population - Literacy Rate

A

The literacy rate in the country is 74.04 per cent, 82.14 for males and 65.46 for females (2011 Census), Literacy rate of males (84.7%) is higher than that of females (70.3%) in India (NSO), Kerala (96.2%), Delhi (88.7%) and Andhra Pradesh (66.4%) [NSO Survey], Male literacy rate is higher than the female literacy rate among all states

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28
Q

Population - Sex Ratio

A

Overall: 943, Child Sex Ratio: 918 (Census data)

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29
Q

Population - Fertility

A

TFR was 2 in 2019-2021, just below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1, In rural areas, the TFR is still 2.1, In urban areas, TFR had gone below the replacement fertility rate in the 2015-16 NFHS itself, Out of 17 states surveyed except Bihar, Manipur and Meghalaya have a TFR of 2.1 or less (NFHS 5)

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30
Q

Population - Religious Composition

A

Hinduism: 79.8%, Islam: 14.2%, Christianity: 2.3%, Sikhism: 1.72%, Buddhism: 0.7%, Jainism: 0.37% (2011 Census)

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31
Q

Population - Life Expectancy at birth

A

69 years (World Average - 72.81 years), 70.7(F), 68.2(M), CoVID-19 Impact: Life expectancy in India dropped by two years, life expectancy at birth in 2019 was 69.5 years for men and 72 years for women, which came down to 67.5 years and 69.8 years, respectively, in 2020

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32
Q

Population - Diaspora

A

India has the largest diaspora population in the world with 18 million people from the country living outside their homeland in 2020 (UN report), UAE, the US and Saudi Arabia host the largest number of migrants from India, India received $87 billion in remittances in 2021 (World Bank)

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33
Q

Urbanisation - World

A

Current: 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, Projection: Expected to increase to 68% by 2050

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34
Q

Urbanisation - India

A

Current: 31.16% (2011 Census), Projected: By 2036, 38.6 percent of Indians will live in urban areas (National Commission for Population)

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35
Q

Urbanisation Status - Highest

A

UTs: Delhi, Chandigarh (97.5%), All States: Goa (61.1%), Major States: Tamil Nadu (48.4%) (Ministry Of Housing and Urban Affairs Data 2021)

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36
Q

Urbanisation Status - Lowest

A

Himachal Pradesh (10%) (Ministry Of Housing and Urban Affairs Data 2021)

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37
Q

Slums - Prevalence

A

They are found in 65% of towns in India (Registrar General of India 2011), Census 2011: 5.41% population, 17% of the world

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38
Q

Homeless

A

1.77 Million (Census 2011)

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39
Q

Slum and Informal settlements dwellers

A

6.5 crore people (World Bank Group)

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40
Q

Old People

A

According to the Population Census 2011, there are nearly 104 million elderly persons in India. It has increased from 5.5% in 1951 to 8.6% in 2011. Projected a rise up to 19% in 2050. The sex ratio of the elderly has increased from 938 women to 1,000 men in 1971 to 1,033 in 2011 (Feminisation of Ageing).

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41
Q

Disabled

A

As per Census 2011, in India, out of the total population of 121 crore, about 2.68 crore persons are ‘Disabled’ (2.21% of the total population). Out of 2.68 crore, 1.5 crore are males and 1.18 crore are females. Majority (69%) of the disabled population resided in rural areas. Right of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 increased the quantum of reservation for people suffering from disabilities from 3% to 4% in government jobs and from 3% to 5% in higher education institutes.

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42
Q

Transgenders

A

In India, the total population of transgender is around 4.88 Lakh as per the 2011 census.

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43
Q

SC

A

As per the Census 2011, the total population of the Scheduled Castes constitute 16.6% of the total population. Literacy rate: 66% (73% - India), Female LR: 56.5% (64.6% - India), Male LR: 75.2% (80.9% - India).

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44
Q

ST

A

As per the Census 2011, the total population of the Scheduled Tribes constitute 8.6% of the total population. Literacy rate: 59% (73% - India), Female LR: 50% (64.6% - India), Male LR: 68.5% (80.9% - India). The poverty level was highest among ST (50.6%), followed by SC (33.3%), and OBC (27.2%) [Global Multidimensional Poverty Index].

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45
Q

Child

A

Missing Children: On average, a child goes missing every 10 minutes in India (Ministry of Women and Child Development). Child Labour: There are 33 million child labourers between the ages of 5-18 years in India (Census 2011). Crimes Against Children: India recorded over 350 crimes against children each day in 2020 (NCRB). POCSO Cases: Over 2.26 Lakh POCSO Cases Pending in Fast-Track Courts, From 3,039 in 2020, the number of cases rose to 3,568 in 2021. Out of School Children: 43% Dropping out before completing upper primary (CAG report). Trafficking: Child Beggars: There are an estimated 300,000 child beggars in India, Gang: Every year, 44,000 children fall into the clutches of gangs, Prostitutes: Children make up roughly 40% of prostitutes.

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46
Q

% of GDP

A

Govt health expenditure share in GDP increased from 1.15% to 1.35% in 2021 (National Health accounts estimates), US-16.9%, World Average: 6%, National Health Policy, 2017: Increase public health expenditure to 2.5% of the GDP.

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47
Q

Deaths

A

61% due to Non-Communicable diseases (Lancet Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016), Cardiovascular diseases account for 24.8% of deaths in India, followed by respiratory diseases which cause 10.2% of deaths, while malignant and other tumours account for 9.4% of deaths.

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48
Q

Doctor Availability

A

11% doctors working in public sector, Private sector accounts for 70% of Health care services in India (Central Bureau of Health Intelligence Data).

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49
Q

Ayushman Bharat Coverage

A

40% of Population.

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50
Q

Mission Indradhanush

A

43.6 lakh children, 11 lakh pregnant women vaccinated.

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51
Q

Doctor-Population Ratio

A

India: 0.74:1000, Qatar (Highest): 7.7:1000, Cuba at 6.7:1000, Spain at 4.9:1000, Switzerland at 4.0:1000, China at 1.5:1000, WHO norm: 1:1000.

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52
Q

Nurse-Population Ratio

A

1.96/1000 (2022), WHO Norm: 1:400.

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53
Q

Out-of-pocket Health Expenditure

A

67% of all health expenditure was out of pocket, Per capita out-of-pocket health expenditure declined from ₹2,336 to ₹2,097 (National Health Accounts estimates 2017-18; released in 2021), OOPHE push over 55 million people in India into poverty, Economic Survey: Share of out-of-pocket expenditure in the total health expenditure in India will decline from 65% to 30% if there is an increase in government spending on health to 2.5-3% of GDP.

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54
Q

Expenditure

A

51% spent on curative health care, 6% spent on preventive healthcare.

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55
Q

Disease Burden

A

34% of the world’s TB burden, 26% of the world’s premature mortality, 27% of the world’s neonatal deaths, 21% of the world’s child deaths (WHO Reports).

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56
Q

Active Pharmaceuticals Ingredients

A

India imports 70% of its API requirements from China (December 2021).

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57
Q

Patient-Bed Ratio Per 1000 (India)

A

0.5 public hospital beds per 1,000 population and mere 1.4 beds, including public and private hospital beds per 1,000 persons. Delhi has 2.71 hospital beds per 1,000. District hospitals have avg 24 beds per 1 lakh people (NITI AAYOG report). According to WHO standards, a minimum of 3 beds per 1000 is required.

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58
Q

Medical Equipment

A

70-80% Imported.

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59
Q

Maternal Mortality Rate

A

It has declined from 113 in 2016-18 to 103 in 2017-19 (8.8% decline) [Registrar General]. India is all set to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of MMR of 70 maternal deaths per lakh live births by 2030.

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60
Q

Urban-rural divide

A

Rural Areas have only 70% population, 21% og hospitals

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61
Q

Birth attended by Skilled Professionals

A

81% (2015-16) (World Bank Development Indicators), NFHS 5: Institutional delivery is over 90% in 14 out of the total 22 States and UTs.

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62
Q

Insurance Penetration

A

Increased from 3.76% in 2019-20 to 4.20% in 2020-21 (IRDA annual Report).

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63
Q

National Health Policy 2017 Aims/Targets

A

Life Expectancy: 70, IMR: 28, Under 5 Mortality Rate: 23, Elimination of Kala Azhar, Filariasis, Leprosy.

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64
Q

Nutrition

A

Proportion of Anaemic: The incidence of anaemia in under-5 children (from 58.6 to 67%), women (53.1 to 57%) and men (22.7 to 25%) has worsened in all States. [NFHS-5].

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65
Q

Obesity

A

Overweight children- 3.4% [NFHS-5], Overweight women - 24% [NFHS-5], Overweight men- 22.9% [NFHS-5], India: 3rd most Obese country.

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66
Q

World Rankings NUTRITION

A

Global Hunger Index Rank 2021: 101/116, Global Nutrition Report: 1% in the number of stunted and wasted children. [Note: At current rate of progress, global nutrition targets will not be achieved by 2025 globally and in most countries worldwide- Global nutrition report].

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67
Q

Open Defecation

A

Access to Toilets in households: 19.4% of Indian households - urban and rural - do not use any toilet facility. [NFHS], Access to a toilet facility is lowest in Bihar (61.2% of households) followed by Jharkhand (69.6%).

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68
Q

Open Defecating

A

Nearly one in five households practise open defecation: NFHS-5 Data, WHO Report: 48% of Indians still openly defecating.

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69
Q

Literacy Rates

A

Male - 82%, Female - 65%, Total - 74%, *Literacy Gap reduced from 21% in 2001 to 17% in 2011

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70
Q

Gross Enrollment Ratio (UDISE+ 2019-20)

A

Upper Primary - 89.7%, Elementary - 97.8%, Secondary - 77.9%, Higher Secondary - 51.4%

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71
Q

Annual School Dropout Rates (MHRD 2018)

A

Primary - 4%, Secondary - 17%, Total - 17%, Male - 43%, Female - 3.8% to 16.8%

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72
Q

Pupil-Teacher Ratio (UDISE+ 2019-20)

A

Primary - 26.5, Upper primary and secondary - 18.5, Higher secondary - 26.1

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73
Q

Expenditure on Education

A

India spent 14.1% of its budget on education, compared to 5% in Vietnam and 20.6% in Indonesia (World Bank study)

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74
Q

Investment on R&D (Eco Survey 2021)

A

0.65% of GDP (0.8% in 2008-09)

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75
Q

ASER Report 2021 Enrollment

A

Shift from private to government schools: 70.3% in 2021, Fall in private school enrollment from 28.8% in 2020 to 24.4% in 2021

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76
Q

Infrastructure

A

Girls Toilet - 66% of Schools, Playground - 80% of Schools

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77
Q

Right to Education Compliance

A

Only 8% of schools comply with RTE act

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78
Q

Reservation

A

Only 15% of reserved seats filled (Out of 25% allotment), Delhi - less than 1% filled due to lack of proof of residence

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79
Q

Higher Education

A

World’s 2nd Largest - Enrollment 27.1% in 2019-20, World Average: 33%

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80
Q

QS World Rankings 2021

A

3 Indian Institutions in top 200

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81
Q

Accredited Universities (NAAC Ratings)

A

68% of Universities: Average, 91% of Colleges: Average

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82
Q

Funding on Higher Education

A

1.4% of GDP

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83
Q

R&D Patents

A

India filed 66,440 patents (2021-22)

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84
Q

Startup Ecosystem

A

3rd largest in world, 69,000+ DPIIT-recognized startups, 90% fail within first 5 years (IBM institute)

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85
Q

% of GDP spent on R&D

A

India - 0.65%, Japan - 3.5%, US - 2.8% (NITI AAYOG)

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86
Q

Public Schools

A

65% of students enrolled

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87
Q

World University Rankings (2023)

A

IISc ranked 155 globally, IITs Guwahati - 37th, IITs Roorkee - 47th, Univ. of Madras - 48th in top 50 research institutions

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88
Q

SKilling

A

The proportion of formally skilled workers in India is extremely low, at 4.69% of total workforce, compared to 24% in China, 52% in the US, 68% in the UK, 75% in Germany, 80% in Japan and 96% in South Korea.

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89
Q

NCERT

A

According to NCERT, 85% of child cumulative brain development occurs before 6 years of age

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90
Q

% of schools with girls Toilets

A

66% (2018), 48% (2010)

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91
Q

Playground

A

8 out of 10 schools have a playground either within or nearby

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92
Q

DATA skill india skill report

A

By 2030, 1/3 of the World’s working population will be from India, India Skills Report - only 45.9% graduates are employable, In last 10 years, share of private sector has increased from 3.4% (2009) to 34% (2018), GER in HEISs is just 27.1% with only 6% rural areas students

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93
Q

Human Resources - Youth & Skills

A

Median Age of Indian Population: 28 years (China: 42 Years), 27.5% of Total Population (Ages 15-29), 20% of Global Youth Population, Labour Force Participation Rate (youth): Male LFPR 67.4%, Female LFPR 9.4% [CMIE Data, 2021], Under 35 Population: 65%, Unemployment Rate: 7.9% [CMIE Data, December 2021], Less than half of Indian graduates are employable [India Skills Report], Global Youth Development Index: India ranks 122/181, Juvenile Delinquency: 29,768 cases registered in 2020 (NCRB Data)

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94
Q

Skill Development

A

Skilling Capacity: Present - 7 Million/year, Required - 12 Million/year, Skilled Workforce: 5.4% of Total Workplace, Japan: 80%, UK: 68%, Future Requirement of Human Resources (Workers): 103 Million during 2017-2022 (Government sources), Industry Participation: 16% Firms carry own skilling initiatives

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95
Q

Placements at Higher Educational Institutes

A

3 lakh out of 30 lakh receive placements

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96
Q

Employable Skilled Youth

A

47%

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97
Q

Vocational Training

A

3% of Secondary School Students

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98
Q

Internet users

A

70% of internet users are the youth

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99
Q

Poverty & Hunger

A

World Bank Paper on India’s Poverty: Extreme poverty 12.3% points lower in 2019 compared with 2011, 21.9% of population below national poverty line in 2011 (Tendulkar Report), COVID-19 recession increased India

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100
Q

Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI)

A

MPI halved in India from 55% to 28% between 2005-15, most people under MPI in India, MPI doubled among Tribals

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101
Q

Geographical distribution

A

80% of poor in rural areas

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102
Q

Global Hunger Index (2021)

A

Rank 101/116

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103
Q

Child Stunting & Wasting

A

India has highest child wasting rate at 17.3% (GHI), Child stunting decreased from 54.2% (1998-1999) to 34.7% (2016-2018) (GHI)

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104
Q

Undernourished

A

189.2 million people undernourished in India, largest undernourished population in the world (GHI)

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105
Q

National Family Health Survey

A

Children

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106
Q

Centre-State Relations

A

15th Finance Commission: 41% of divisible pool to states, Borrowing Limits: 5% of State GDP

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107
Q

Local Governments

A

Total Panchayati Raj Institutions: 2,60,512 (Jan. 2019), Elected Representatives: 31 lakhs, Elected Women Representatives: 14 lakhs, Fund Utilisation of PRI: 78% (2015-2019), Total Urban Local Bodies: 3700 ULBs, 100 Corporations, 1500 Municipal Corporations, 2100 Nagar Panchayats, 56 Cantonment Board, ULB Funding: Own sources of revenue 43% (2017-18)

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108
Q

Parliament & State Legislature

A

Question Hour: Functioned 95% in Lok Sabha, 65% in Rajya Sabha, Bills Referred to Committees: 11% in 17th Lok Sabha, Committee Attendance: 50% since 2014-15

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109
Q

Elections

A

Voter Turnout: 67.4% in 17th Lok Sabha Elections (highest ever), Election Funding: 75% electoral bonds to ruling party (Rs. 3400 Crores), Election Spending: Rs. 55,000 - Rs. 60,000 crores in 2019 elections, Unrecognised Political Parties: 97.5% of all registered parties (2x increase in a decade), Criminalisation of Politics: 4,984 criminal cases pending involving legislators (as of Dec 2021), 29% of MPs face serious charges

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110
Q

North-East

A

General: 2% of GDP, 4% of population, 8% of total land area, Hydropower Potential: 40% of India’s Total Potential, Utilised Potential: 2.1% of Potential, Total Forest Cover: 65.3% of Area, Per Capita Income (North-East states): Rs. 1,32,625 (2020)

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111
Q

Pending cases

A

Supreme Court: 70,154, Total: 4.70 Crore

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112
Q

Vacancy

A

Supreme Court: 1 judge vacancy out of 34, High Courts: 37% vacancy (406 out of 1,098 posts)

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113
Q

Women In Judiciary

A

High Courts: 11.5% women judges, Supreme Court: 4 out of 33 judges are women, Lower Judiciary: 27%, Advocates: 15% women

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114
Q

Ease of Doing Business

A

63rd position (from 142nd in 2014)

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115
Q

Police Personnel

A

137 per 100,000 population (UN recommends 222)

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116
Q

Women in Police

A

10.30% in total police force, 2.98% in Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF)

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117
Q

Conviction Rate

A

47% due to poor investigation quality (Law Commission 2012)

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118
Q

Prison Occupancy Rate

A

118.5% (NCRB Data)

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119
Q

Undertrials

A

67% of all prisoners (NCRB Data)

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120
Q

Btal Inmates

A

4,78,600 (NCRB Data)

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121
Q

Police-Population Ratio

A

India: 195.39 per lakh population, Best: Nagaland, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Manipur, Worst: Bihar, Daman & Diu, West Bengal

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122
Q

RTI Applications

A

4,800 per day, 1.75 crore since 2005

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123
Q

Case Pendency RTI

A

More than 2.2 lakh cases pending at Central and State Information Commissions

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124
Q

Rejection Rate

A

4.3% (8.4% in 2014-15)

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125
Q

E-Governance

A

Digital Divide: Only 28% rural women have internet access

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126
Q

E-Courts

A

High Courts Disposed Cases: 32.71 Million, District Courts Disposed Cases: 42.88 Million

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127
Q

Area under Forest (ISFR 2021)

A

Total forest and tree cover of the country is 80.9 million hectare (24.62% of the geographical area of the country). As compared to the assessment of 2019, there is an increase of 2,261 sq km in the total forest and tree cover of the country.

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128
Q

Area under Forest (ISFR 2021)

A

Top 3 states showing increase in forest cover: Andhra Pradesh > Telangana > Odisha [Northeast reported the biggest losses in forest cover].

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129
Q

Area under Forest (ISFR 2021)

A

Area-wise Largest Forest Cover: Madhya Pradesh > Arunachal Pradesh > Chhattisgarh > Odisha > Maharashtra.

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130
Q

Area under Forest (ISFR 2021)

A

Forest cover as percentage of total geographical area: Mizoram > Arunachal Pradesh > Meghalaya. The present assessment reveals that states/UT’s have above 33% of the geographical area under forest cover.

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131
Q

Demand for Wood met by forests

A

6.4%.

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132
Q

Public Delivery of Services

A

92% Satisfied with Aadhar. 95% of adults and 75% of children have aadhar. 80% of beneficiaries feel Aadhaar has made PDS rations, social pensions more reliable. Failure: 1.5% of PDS users experienced a biometric authentication failure. 1% of MGNREGA job card holders did not get work the last time they tried. 33,358 crore in MGNREGA wages not paid.

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133
Q

Dispute resolution (Property)

A

Average 20 years taken to resolve a property dispute. (Ministry of Finance data)

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134
Q

Forest Rights Act

A

FRA has the potential to secure the forest rights of at least 200 million tribals. Only 13 percent of the 40 million ha has been demarcated under the FRA by the environment ministry.

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135
Q

Voluntary Organisations

A

India has 31 lakh NGOs. 1 NGO for 400 people as against 1 policeman for 709 people (CBI Data). FCRA Registrations: There are 21490 FCRA registered NGOs in 2018-19, 24817 in 2011-12. Self Help Groups: 6 million. Women SHG: 67 Million women members.

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136
Q

Local Reservation

A

Haryana & Andhra Pradesh enacted for 75% of local reservation based on domicile. Karnataka (100%), Maharashtra (80%) and Madhya Pradesh (70%) proposed similar moves.

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137
Q

Job Aspirants

A

2.5 crore aspirants for 1.25 lakh government jobs advertised.

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138
Q

Sedition

A

Nature of Cases: 96% of sedition cases filed against 405 Indians for criticising politicians and governments over the last decade were registered after 2014. A total of 326 cases were registered between 2014 and 2019 in which just six persons were convicted. Conviction rate: 33.3% in 2020; 3.3% in 2019; 15.4% in 2018; 16.7% in 2017; 33% in 2016. Rate of Increase: 165% increase in cases since 2016 (NCRB).

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139
Q

Law Abolition

A

In last 4 years, 1400 laws have been abolished and streamlined.

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140
Q

United States Bilateral trade

A

USD 119.42 billion (2021-22)

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141
Q

United States Exports

A

$76.11 billion in 2021-22

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142
Q

United States Trade Surplus

A

$32.8 billion (2021-22)

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143
Q

United States Services Exporter Rank

A

6th largest for USA

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144
Q

United States Crude Oil Supplier

A

USA has become largest Crude oil Supplier for India in 2021

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145
Q

United States FDI

A

$13.8 billion (2020-21), 2nd largest source of FDI equity inflows into India

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146
Q

United States Strategic Trade Authorization (STA) status

A

Exempts specific licences on Indian exports

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147
Q

United States Defence Acquisition

A

$3.4 billion in 2020

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148
Q

China Bilateral Trade

A

India’s two-way commerce with China aggregated at USD 115.42 billion (2021-22)

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149
Q

China Trade Deficit

A

$77 billion (2021-22)

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150
Q

China Exports

A

$21.25 billion in 2021-22

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151
Q

China Imports

A

$94.16 billion in 2021-22

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152
Q

China Top Exports to China

A

Iron ore, refined petroleum, cyclic hydrocarbons and organic chemicals

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153
Q

China Top Imports from China

A

Electrical machinery (24.8% of total imports), telecom instruments, mineral fuels including oil, fertilizers, organic chemicals, computer hardware

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154
Q

China Bilateral Economic Presence

A

105 registered Chinese Companies in India; 92 active as of March 2021

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155
Q

European Union Bilateral Trade

A

$103.4 billion (first ten months of FY2022)

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156
Q

European Union Trade Relations

A

Second-largest destination for Indian exports after the United States; India

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157
Q

European Union FDI

A

€67.7 billion investments made in 2018, largest foreign investor in India (22% of total FDI inflows)

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158
Q

European Union Business Presence

A

Around 6,000 EU companies providing 1.7 million direct jobs and indirectly 5 million jobs in India

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159
Q

Japan Bilateral Trade

A

$11.87 billion (FY 2019-20)

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160
Q

Japan Trade Relations

A

Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (2011)

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161
Q

Japan Exports

A

USD 3.94 billion in FY 2019-20

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162
Q

Japan Imports

A

USD 7.93 billion in FY 2019-20

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163
Q

Japan FDI

A

Largest recipient of Japanese foreign aid since 2003; Japan is the 5th largest source of FDI in India

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164
Q

Japan Infrastructure Projects

A

Ongoing projects include Bullet Train and Industrial corridor

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165
Q

United Kingdom Bilateral Trade

A

US $ 13.1 billion in FY2020-21

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166
Q

United Kingdom Trade Relations

A

India has a trade surplus with UK; JETCO aims to reduce trade barriers; aiming to double bilateral trade to $100 billion by 2030

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167
Q

United Kingdom Services Dominance

A

India-UK trade dominated by services, making up about 70% of overall annual commerce

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168
Q

United Kingdom FDI

A

$64 bn in 2020; fifth largest recipient of FDI inflows

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169
Q

France Trade

A

Goods (excluding military equipment) € 12.58 billion (2021)

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170
Q

France Exports

A

€ 6.70 billion (2021)

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171
Q

France Imports

A

€ 5.88 billion (2021)

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172
Q

France Investment

A

11th largest foreign investor in India (Cumulative between 2000-20)

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173
Q

France Services Growth

A

4% year-on-year growth in service exports

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174
Q

Nepal Bilateral Trade

A

$7 Billion (MEA)

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175
Q

Nepal Trade Relations

A

India is Nepal’s largest trade partner; Bilateral Free trade agreement (2009)

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176
Q

Nepal FDI

A

India is the largest source of FDI in Nepal

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177
Q

Bhutan Bilateral Trade

A

More than doubled from USD 484 million in 2014-15 to USD 1083 million in 2020-21

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178
Q

Bhutan Trade Relations

A

India is the largest trading partner (Bhutan imports 88% from India); Free trade regime

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179
Q

Bhutan Power Exports

A

Bhutan is a net power exporter to India

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180
Q

Bangladesh Bilateral Trade

A

$10 billion

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181
Q

Bangladesh Trade Agreements

A

APTA, SAFTA, SAPTA; India’s biggest trading partner in South Asia

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182
Q

Bangladesh Exports

A

$9 billion in 2020-21

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183
Q

Bangladesh FDI

A

India invested over $3.1 billion, expected to rise to $9 billion

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184
Q

Sri Lanka Bilateral Trade

A

US $ 3.6 billion (2020)

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185
Q

Sri Lanka Trade Relations

A

India is Sri Lanka’s largest trade partner in SAARC; Sri Lanka is India’s second-largest trading partner in the region

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186
Q

Sri Lanka FDI

A

FDI from India amounted to about US$ 1.7 billion during the period 2005 to 2019

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187
Q

Pakistan Bilateral Trade

A

$280 million (2020-21)

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188
Q

Pakistan Exports

A

$278 million

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189
Q

Pakistan Imports

A

$2 million

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190
Q

Saudi Arabia Bilateral Trade

A

$24 billion (2021)

191
Q

Saudi Arabia Investment

A

Saudi Arabia intends to invest $100 billion in India

192
Q

Bangladesh Border Haats

A

12 in number (Currently 4 are operational)

193
Q

Pakistan - Bilateral Trade

A

$280 million (2020-21)

194
Q

Pakistan - Exports

A

$278 million

195
Q

Pakistan - Imports

A

$2 million.

196
Q

Pakistan - Trade Relations

A

India withdrew MFN status (after Pulwama)

197
Q

Pakistan - Trade Relations

A

Pakistan suspended Bilateral Trade (After August 370 decision)

198
Q

Pakistan - Trade Relations

A

India consists of 3% of Pakistan’s total trade

199
Q

Pakistan - Trade Relations

A

Denied Trade access to Afghanistan and Central Asia via Pakistan

200
Q

Saudi Arabia - Bilateral trade

A

$24 bn. (2021)

201
Q

Saudi Arabia - India as 2nd-largest partner

A

India emerges as Saudi Arabia’s second-largest trading partner.

202
Q

Saudi Arabia - Investment

A

Saudi Arabia intends to invest $100 billion in India.

203
Q

Saudi Arabia - Remittances

A

$ 34.5 billion

204
Q

Saudi Arabia - Energy Security

A

Saudi Arabia: India’s second-largest supplier of crude oil

205
Q

Saudi Arabia - Energy Security

A

1/3 approx LPG requirement from Saudi Arabia.

206
Q

Saudi Arabia - Energy Security

A

Saudi Arabian oil major ARAMCO: partner in Ratnagiri Refinery and Petro-Chemical Project in Maharashtra.

207
Q

Bangladesh - Bilateral trade

A

$10 billion

208
Q

Bangladesh - Various Trade Agreements

A

Various Trade Agreements: APTA, SAFTA, SAPTA

209
Q

Bangladesh - Imports

A

Imports: They stood at $1.09 billion in 2020-21.

210
Q

Bangladesh - Exports

A

Exports: $9 billion in 2020-21.

211
Q

Bangladesh - Border Haats

A

Border Haats: Tripura and Meghalaya; 12 in number (Currently 4 are operational)

212
Q

Bangladesh - Border Trade

A

Border Trade: Easing of restrictions in Land port Starting from Akhaura (Tripura) and Ghojadanga (West Bengal)

213
Q

Bangladesh - FDI

A

India invested over $3.1Bn (expected to rise to $9Bn).

214
Q

Bangladesh - FDI

A

350 Indian companies registered in Bangladesh with 3.5 billion USD in FDI

215
Q

Bangladesh - Line of Credits

A

Line of Credits: Developmental assistance - at $8bn; $500 Mn for defence (during 2021 Indian PM’s visit)

216
Q

Bangladesh - Vaccine Diplomacy

A

Vaccine Diplomacy: India gave 1.2 million free doses of the AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine to Bangladesh

217
Q

Bangladesh - Overland Goods Transit

A

Overland Goods Transit: Bangladesh granted permission last year to use its territory for the transit of Indian goods

218
Q

Sri Lanka - Bilateral trade

A

2020: US $ 3.6 billion.

219
Q

Sri Lanka - Indian Investments

A

Indian Investments: Petroleum retail, tourism & hotel, manufacturing, banking and financial services.

220
Q

Sri Lanka - India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement

A

India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA) in 2000.

221
Q

Sri Lanka - ISFTA usage

A

ISFTA: Only about 5% of India’s total exports to Sri Lanka in the past few years have used the ISFTA provisions.

222
Q

Sri Lanka - FDI

A

FDI: FDI from India amounted to about US$ 1.7 billion during the period 2005 to 2019.

223
Q

Sri Lanka - Joint Marine Resources Management Authority

A

Joint Marine Resources Management Authority: Joint Marine Resources Management Authority between two countries. (Palk bay fisheries conflict)

224
Q

Sri Lanka - Infrastructure development

A

Indian housing project - in war affected
areas.
b. Assistance for Deep Sea Fishing technique
c. Trincomalee port and oil tank farms
development
d. Joint India-Japan agreement - Mattala
Airport & East container terminal (ECT)
e. Jaffna-Colombo rail track and other
railway lines
e Eastern Container Terminal: Sri Lanka
scrapped its $500 million agreement with
India and Japan

225
Q

Sri Lanka - Infrastructure development

A

Infrastructure development: Assistance for Deep Sea Fishing technique.

226
Q

Sri Lanka - Infrastructure development

A

Infrastructure development: Trincomalee port and oil tank farms development.

227
Q

Sri Lanka - Joint India-Japan agreement

A

Joint India-Japan agreement: Joint India-Japan agreement - Mattala Airport & East container terminal (ECT)

228
Q

Sri Lanka - Railway lines

A

Railway lines: Jaffna-Colombo rail track and other railway lines.

229
Q

Sri Lanka - Eastern Container Terminal

A

Eastern Container Terminal: Sri Lanka scrapped its $500 million agreement with India and Japan.

230
Q

Afghanistan - Bilateral trade

A

crossed US$1.5 billion (2019-20)

231
Q

Afghanistan - India’s share in Afghan exports

A

40.60%

232
Q

Afghanistan - Top regional donor to Afghanistan

A

India is top regional donor to Afghanistan

233
Q

Afghanistan - Exports from India

A

India

234
Q

Afghanistan - Imports from Afghanistan

A

India

235
Q

Afghanistan - Dry fruits and spices

A

India imports around 85% of its dry fruits along with most of the piquant spices from war-torn Afghanistan.

236
Q

Afghanistan - Exports from India

A

Exports from India include garments, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, computers, hardware materials, cement, sugar and synthetic fibre.

237
Q

Afghanistan - Strategic Partnership Agreement

A

The Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA), 2011

238
Q

Afghanistan - India’s entry to Central Asia

A

Afghanistan has key role in India’s entry to Central Asia: Eg, Zaranjdelaram Highway

239
Q

Afghanistan - Role in stabilizing Afghanistan

A

Role in stabilizing Afghanistan

240
Q

Afghanistan - Military support

A

Delivered Mi-25 attack helicopters to Afghanistan

241
Q

Afghanistan - Training to Afghan Forces

A

India provided Training to Afghan Forces: Increasing Capacity of Afghan forces (After Taliban Captures Afghanistan in August 2021; the subsequent events will determine India-Afghanistan relations)

242
Q

ASEAN - Trade Deficit

A

India

243
Q

ASEAN - Exports

A

US$31.49 billion in 2019-20.

244
Q

ASEAN - Imports

A

US$55.37 billion.

245
Q

ASEAN - Importance of Act East Policy

A

India is not a member.

246
Q

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation - Population

A

SCO member states have a population of nearly 1.5 billion people.

247
Q

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation - GDP

A

Represents 20% of global GDP.

248
Q

G20 - Members

A

Its members account for more than 80 percent of world GDP, 75 percent of global trade, and 60 percent of the population of the planet.

249
Q

India - Africa Trade - Growth

A

India

250
Q

India - Africa Trade - Third-largest trade partner

A

India is now Africa

251
Q

India - Africa Trade - Investment

A

India is the fifth largest investor in the African continent with a cumulative investment of $54 billion.

252
Q

UN Peacekeepers - Indian soldiers

A

6,000 Indian soldiers in UN peace-keeping missions in five conflict zones in Africa.

253
Q

India - South Africa trade

A

India-South Africa trade has crossed the landmark - increased from USD 10 billion to USD 11.6 billion.

254
Q

SAARC - Member States

A

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

255
Q

SAARC - Area

A

The SAARC comprises 3% of the world

256
Q

SAARC - Population

A

21% of the world

257
Q

SAARC - Economy

A

4.21% (US$3.67 trillion) of the global economy, as of 2019.

258
Q

SAARC - Growth Rate

A

The South Asian region, comprising eight countries, is likely to show economic growth of 1.8% to 2.8% in 2020.

259
Q

SAARC - Poor Intra Trade

A

With intra-regional trade at less than 5% of total trade, South Asia is the least integrated region in the world.

260
Q

BIMSTEC - Member States

A

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

261
Q

BIMSTEC - Population

A

The BIMSTEC region is home to roughly 22 percent of the global population with a combined GDP of over $2.7 trillion.

262
Q

BRICS - Members

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa.

263
Q

BRICS - Total trade

A

Total trade of the member nations has expanded by 94%.

264
Q

BRICS - Population and GDP

A

With 40% of the world’s population and about 30% of the GDP.

265
Q

BRICS - Intra-BRICS trade

A

Intra-BRICS trade is just 17% of world trade.

266
Q

Diaspora - Population

A

India has the largest diaspora population in the world with 18 million people from the country living outside their homeland in 2020.

267
Q

Diaspora - PIOs and NRIs

A

Total of 18.7 million Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and 13.5 million Non-resident Indians (NRIs) were living in foreign countries as of December 25, 2021.

268
Q

Diaspora - NRI population in Lok Sabha elections

A

In 17th Lok Sabha elections roughly 25,000 came to India to vote.

269
Q

Diaspora - Remittances

A

India received $89 billion in remittances in 2021 (World Bank).

270
Q

Agriculture - Share of Agriculture in GDP

A

It accounts for 18.8% (2021-22) in Gross Value Added (GVA).

271
Q

Agriculture - Agricultural Growth Rate

A

3.4% at constant prices in 2020-21 (ES-2021).

272
Q

Agriculture - Agricultural Yield

A

Increased 4 times since independence but the yield of rice and wheat below the world average.

273
Q

Agriculture - Agricultural Employment

A

41% of the total workforce in India (World Bank).

274
Q

Agriculture - Rural Population

A

65.07% of the Indian population lives in rural areas (World Bank).

275
Q

Agriculture - Rural Population dependent on Agriculture

A

70% of households (FAO India report 2017-18).

276
Q

Agriculture - Total Land Area under Cultivation

A

Highest Land Area under (Cereal): 51% (ICAR Data).

277
Q

Agriculture - World Rankings

A

1st - Pulses (25% of world production), 2nd - Rice, 2nd - Wheat, 1st - Milk Production, 2nd - Fruits and Vegetables, 18th - Cotton Production (25% of World Production) - OECD FAO report.

278
Q

Agriculture - Average Farm Size

A

1.41 hectares - 1991, 1.15 hectares - 2019. 86.2% of Farmers in India are Small and Marginal; They own only 47.3% area.

279
Q

Agriculture - India’s Competitive Advantage

A

2nd Highest arable land in the world, highest area under irrigation in the world, 15th longest coastline in the world, highest cattle production in the world, 1/3rd of global tractors are in India.

280
Q

Agriculture - Corporate Sector Investment

A

<2% (CSO 2019).

281
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Hydrographic/Irrigational Data

A

Total Rainfed: 52%, Irrigated: 48%, Canal Irrigated: 30%, Wells: 60%, Tanks: 5%

282
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Water Use Efficiency

A

Water Use Efficiency: 38%

283
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Irrigation Costs

A

Irrigation consists of 70% of all input costs.

284
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Fertilisers Subsidy

A

Fertilisers Subsidy: 0.5% of GDP. Only 35% of the subsidy reaches the intended beneficiaries. [NITI Aayog]

285
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Fertiliser Use

A

Fertiliser use has increased 25 times since 1960, while food production has only increased 3 times. Ideal use ratio: 4:2:1, actual reported as high as 28:4:1 at some places.

286
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Seeds

A

Seeds account for 20-25% of Crop Productivity. Farmer Saved Seeds: 80-85%.

287
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Pesticides

A

Crop losses due to Pests: 20-25% (0.9-1.4 Lakh Crore). Utilised Pesticide: 0.1% of Applied Pesticide. Consumption: 0.6 kg per hectare compared to 7 kg per hectare in the USA.

288
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Livestock

A

Livestock: 57% Buffaloes, 13% Cattle. Contribution to Agriculture GDP: 25.8% (As per Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy).

289
Q

Agricultural Inputs - Groundwater Use

A

Groundwater Usage Share: Irrigation/Agriculture - 89%, Domestic Use - 9%, Industrial Use - 2%. India is the world’s largest user of groundwater, providing 50% of urban use and 85% of rural use. Decline of groundwater in 52% of wells (Central Ground Water Board Report). 230 billion cubic meters of groundwater drawn out each year for irrigating agriculture lands in India (CGWB).

290
Q

Farm Sector - Small and Marginal landholding

A

86.2% of Farmers own 47.3% area.

291
Q

Farm Sector - Employment in Agriculture

A

24.5% of rural households are agricultural labour (EPW).

292
Q

Farm Sector - Farm Debt

A

More than 50% of farm households under debt (NABARD).

293
Q

Farm Sector - Farmer Suicide

A

10,281 in 2019 (NCRB Data). 3,58,164 people engaged in the farming profession have committed suicide in India from 1995 to 2019 (NCRB Data).

294
Q

Farm Sector - Landholding amongst Farmers

A

65% holding less than 1 hectare (NSSO 70th Round).

295
Q

Farm Sector - Exit from Sector

A

76% want to give up farming (CSDS, Delhi).

296
Q

Farm Sector - Below Poverty Line

A

22% of Farmers. Outstanding Average Loan Amount: Rs. 42,000.

297
Q

Farm Sector - Taxation

A

95% of farmers below the tax threshold (Kelkar Task Force).

298
Q

Farm Sector - Households under Debt

A

47 Million.

299
Q

Farm Sector - Low Average Monthly Income

A

Rs. 6,246. Per Capita Income of Agriculture household = 1/3rd of the income of the non-agriculture household.

300
Q

Infrastructure - Post Harvest Losses

A

Rs. 92,000 Crore.

301
Q

Infrastructure - Cold Storage

A

Short by 30-40 lakh tonnes (Dalwai Committee).

302
Q

Infrastructure - Additional Markets Required by 2022-23

A

3568 as per NITI Strategy for New India @75.

303
Q

Food Processing - General Statistics

A

15.95% of the total number of factories, 16.78% of the operational factories. Employed 11.36% of the workforce. 14.09% of the output.

304
Q

Food Processing - Agri output Processed in India

A

Less than 10% of Agri Produce (USA-65%; China 23%). 2% of Vegetables and fruits, 8% Marine Produce, 35% Milk, 6% Poultry.

305
Q

Food Processing - Government Policies

A

Govt allowed 100% FDI in 2020. Mega Food Parks: 22 operational Food parks employ 6 Lakh (MoFPT).

306
Q

Food Wastage - General Statistics

A

India witnesses nearly 4.6-15.9% (Ministry of Food Processing Industry). FAO-40% of food is wasted due to fragmented food systems and inefficient supply chains.

307
Q

Food Processing - Processing Levels of Perishables

A

Fruits & vegetables ~2%, Marine produce ~23%, Poultry ~6%, Meat ~21%, Dairy ~35% (Ministry of Food Processing Industry).

308
Q

Trade - India’s share in global Agri Export

A

22%

309
Q

Trade - Ranking

A

13th in the world (But 2nd in Agri Production)

310
Q

Trade - Destination of Agri exports

A

70% to Middle East, Africa, and Asia-Pacific; 30% to Europe and Americas

311
Q

Trade - Growth in Agri Exports (April-Nov 2021)

A

Exports of Agriculture and Allied Products grew by 23.2% to US$ 31.0 billion (Eco Survey 2022)

312
Q

Trade - Export share in Agricultural GDP

A

19% (Eco Survey)

313
Q

Trade - Top Agricultural Exports

A

Marine Products, Meat, and Rice (52% of total) (APEDA 2018-19)

314
Q

Trade - Total Value of Agri Exports

A

$30 billion (APEDA 2019). India

315
Q

Trade - Growth in Agri exports (2020-21)

A

22.8% growth in agri exports at Rs. 3,09,939 crore with a share of 1.6% to GDP.

316
Q

Trade - Top Agricultural Imports

A

Pulses, Cashew, Edible Oil

317
Q

Miscellaneous - GM Crops

A

India 4th Largest in GM crop acreage (BT cotton only GM crop in India)

318
Q

Miscellaneous - Black Marketing in PDS food grains

A

40-60% (Shanta Kumar Committee)

319
Q

Miscellaneous - Grain Procurement by Government

A

60-80% of marketed surplus (Shanta Kumar Committee)

320
Q

Miscellaneous - Share of Female Landholders (2015-16)

A

11.57% as per Center for Land Governance index (Dec 2020). 12.8% operational land holding are with Women.

321
Q

Miscellaneous - System of Rice Intensification

A

Improves productivity by 30%

322
Q

Miscellaneous - Agriculture based NPA

A

Rs. 60,200 Crore (RBI, 2017)

323
Q

Miscellaneous - Investment in Research

A

1% of Agriculture GDP (NITI Aayog)

324
Q

Miscellaneous - Awareness of MSP

A

10% of farmers aware before sowing. 60% of farmers aware after sowing. 6% of farmers are benefited (NITI Aayog)

325
Q

Miscellaneous - Ashok Dalwai Committee Recommendations

A

Share of Farmers in Consumer Price: 15%. Post Harvest Losses: 6-18%. 15% of mandis have cold storage facility. 50% of mandis have a weighing facility. Average Procurement: Rice- 33%, Wheat- 25%.

326
Q

Manufacturing - Share in India’s GVA

A

14.4% (FY2020-21); expected to improve to 15.3% in 2021-22 (Economic Survey)

327
Q

Manufacturing - Share of Manufacturing in total GDP

A

17% (Economic Survey), 13% as per World Bank

328
Q

Manufacturing - National Manufacturing Policy 2011

A

Aimed to increase share of Manufacturing to 25%

329
Q

Manufacturing - Employment in Manufacturing

A

15% of total employment

330
Q

Manufacturing - Decline in Employment (2016-2021)

A

Employment in manufacturing declined from 51 million to 27.3 million (CMIE)

331
Q

Manufacturing - FDI Share

A

Defence manufacturing - 74% through automatic route. Food Processing Industry - 100%

332
Q

Manufacturing - Issues

A

High Logistic cost: 14% of GDP. Informal Workers: 90% of all workers. Low R&D Spending: 0.65% of GDP

333
Q

Pharmaceuticals - Contribution to GDP

A

2% of GDP. 8% of total merchandise exports. Largest provider of Generic Medicine. More than 50% of the vaccine demand of the world

334
Q

Textile - Contribution to GDP

A

5% of GDP. 7% of Industrial Output in value terms. 12% of Export Earnings

335
Q

Textile - Employment

A

2nd largest employment provider in India after agriculture

336
Q

Leather - Employment

A

Employed: 4.5 million (30% Women). Share in World: 13% of Leather Production

337
Q

Food Processing - Contribution to GDP

A

12.8% of India’s GDP. 1.69% of total GVA. Growth Rate: 11.18% in last five years

338
Q

Food Processing - Government Initiative

A

Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI) under AtmaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan 2021

339
Q

Electronics - Contribution to GDP

A

2.7% of GDP. 3.6% of Global Electronic Manufacturing

340
Q

Automobile - Contribution to GDP

A

7.1% of India’s GDP. 49% of manufacturing GDP

341
Q

Automobile - Global Rankings

A

4th Largest Automobile Market. 1st in Manufacture of 2-wheelers and 3-wheelers

342
Q

MSME Sector - Share in India’s GDP

A

30% (Invest India Report)

343
Q

MSME Sector - Target

A

Increasing MSMEs’ share in GDP to 40% by 2025

344
Q

MSME Sector - Share in Exports

A

48% of all exports (Invest India Report)

345
Q

MSME Sector - Employment

A

11 crore people are employed in the MSME sector

346
Q

MSME Sector - Issues

A

Insolvency Delays: 7.9 years. Lack of credit access: Only 4% can access credit. Unorganized: 94% of firms in the unorganized sector (6th MSME Census of MSME Ministry)

347
Q

Labour and Employment - Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in urban areas

A

42.3% (Periodic Labour Force Survey, July-Sep 2021)

348
Q

Labour and Employment - Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in urban areas

A

46.9% (Periodic Labour Force Survey, July-Sep 2021)

349
Q

Labour and Employment - Unemployment Rate (UR) in urban areas

A

9.8% in July-Sep 2021 (down from 13.2% the previous year, Periodic Labour Force Survey)

350
Q

Labour and Employment - Unorganized Sector share in workforce

A

83% of the total workforce (Oxfam report)

351
Q

Labour and Employment - Long term trends in Employment (PLFS Data 2019-20)

A

4.75 crore additional persons joined the workforce between 2018-19 and 2019-20. 65% of additional workers in 2019-20 were self-employed.

352
Q

Labour and Employment - Gender-specific trends in Employment (PLFS Data 2019-20)

A

63% of new female workers in 2019-20 were self-employed, with 65% joining the agriculture sector.

353
Q

Indian Economy - Services Sector

A

53% at current prices in FY22 (Until Jan 22)

354
Q

Indian Economy - Services Sector

A

> 60%

355
Q

Indian Economy - Services Sector

A

3.5% (Almost twice the share in world

356
Q

Indian Economy - Services Sector

A

34% of Population (Lowest amongst top 15 Economies)

357
Q

Indian Economy - Services Sector

A

60% of total FDI inflow comes in the Service sector (Largest receiver of FDI)

358
Q

Indian Economy - Top IT/BPM firms

A

Wipro

359
Q

Indian Economy - E-Commerce

A

Expected to grow to US$ 188 billion by 2025 from US$ 46.2 billion as of 2020. Expected to reach US$ 350 billion by 2030.

360
Q

Indian Economy - E-Commerce

A

80% of sales in the sector are from exports

361
Q

Indian Economy - Startups

A

India ranked 20th out of 100.

362
Q

Indian Economy - Tourism

A

6.8% of GDP

363
Q

Indian Economy - Tourism

A

According to the World Travel and Tourism
Council (WTTC)
e 6.8% of GDP
* 8% of employment
e Annual growth expected 6.9%
e 9.8% of GDP by 2028
*8th Largest Tourist Economy

364
Q

Indian Economy - Tourism

A

6.90%

365
Q

Indian Economy - Tourism

A

According to the World Travel and Tourism
Council (WTTC)
e 6.8% of GDP
* 8% of employment
e Annual growth expected 6.9%
e 9.8% of GDP by 2028
*8th Largest Tourist Economy

366
Q

Indian Economy - Foreign Tourist Arrivals

A

1 crore (2017-18)

367
Q

Indian Economy - Forex Earnings

A

Amounted to nearly 7 billion U.S. dollars.

368
Q

Indian Economy - Top Tourist Destinations

A

UP

369
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Agriculture Sector

A

Estimated to grow 3.9% in 2021-22.

370
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Services Sector

A

Contracted by 8.4% in 2020-21.

371
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Services Sector

A

Estimated to grow by 8.2% in 2021-22.

372
Q

COVID-19 Impact - IIP (Index of Industrial Production)

A

Recorded a negative growth of 8.4% in 2020-21.

373
Q

COVID-19 Impact - RBI Report

A

India expected to overcome COVID-19 losses in 2034-35.

374
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Socio-Economic Impact

A

7% increase compared to previous year (World Bank)

375
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Socio-Economic Impact

A

7% decline in 2020 compared to 2019 (World Bank)

376
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Socio-Economic Impact

A

]Tens of millions of people are at risk of falling
into extreme poverty, while the number of
undernourished people, currently estimated at
nearly 690 million, could increase by up to 132
million by the end of the year (WHO)
e Nearly half of the world’s 3.3 billion global
workforces are at risk of losing their
livelihoods(WHO)

377
Q

COVID-19 Impact - Socio-Economic Impact

A

Nearly half of the world’s 3.3 billion global
workforces are at risk of losing their
livelihoods(WHO)

378
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Freight Transport - Road

A

60% (World Bank)

379
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Freight Transport - Rail

A

33%

380
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Government Aim for Rail share by 2030

A

45%

381
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Freight Transport - Waterways

A

9%

382
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Freight Transport - Inland waterways

A

0.15%

383
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Freight Transport - Coastal Shipping

A

7%

384
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Passenger Transport - Road

A

86% (World Bank)

385
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share in Passenger Transport - Rail

A

14%

386
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Share of National and State highways

A

5% of total length but 55% of total traffic

387
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Roadways importance

A

64.5% of Goods/Freight, 86% of Passenger Traffic

388
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Roadway accidents

A

4,12,432 road accidents in 2021 in which 1,53,972
people were killed
● India loses 3% of GDP in road accidents annually (UN
Report)

389
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Economic impact of road accidents

A

India loses 3% of GDP annually (UN Report)

390
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Railway network

A

4th largest in the world

391
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Railway Utilisation

A

150% above capacity

392
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Railway employees

A

Largest employer in India with 14 lakh employees, 8th biggest employer globally

393
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Daily railway passengers

A

24 million passengers

394
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Post-Independence railway trends

A

23% increase in rail length, 1600% increase in passenger traffic, 1400% increase in freight

395
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Railway penetration

A

0.057 km per 1000 persons (USA: 0.752 per 1000 persons)

396
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Average freight speed

A

23.6 km/h (USA: 50 km/h)

397
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Shipping coastline

A

Around 7500 km

398
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Foreign trade through shipping

A

95% by volume, 70% by value

399
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Ports

A

13 major ports, 200+ minor ports

400
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Shipping ownership

A

90% foreign-owned ships, 10% Indian-owned ships

401
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Inland Waterways

A

14,500 km, 13 out of 111 NW operational

402
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Shipping Turnaround Time (TAT)

A

2.73 days (behind global average)

403
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Shipping fleet age

A

Average fleet age > 19 years

404
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Coastal depth

A

12 m (Required: 18 m)

405
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Civil Aviation market

A

3rd largest aviation market, 8th biggest in passenger traffic

406
Q

Infrastructure - Transport - Operational Airports

A

100 operational out of 449 airports, aerodromes, and airstrips

407
Q

Infrastructure - Real Estate - Share in GDP

A

6-7% (Expected to rise to 13% by 2025)

408
Q

Infrastructure - Real Estate - Employment

A

2nd largest employer after agriculture

409
Q

Infrastructure - Real Estate - Projects under RERA Act

A

51,850 (2020)

410
Q

Land - Cultivable Land

A

43% of the land is favorable for cultivation

411
Q

Land - Waste Land

A

20.17%

412
Q

Coal - Type and Distribution

A

97% Gondwana coal (Anthracite); Over 97% of the country’s coal reserves are in the valleys of Son, Damodar, Mahanadi, and Godavari

413
Q

Coal - Recent Developments

A

Government has allowed Commercial Coal Mining for increasing private sector partnership; India is the largest importer of Coking coal; More than 50% of electricity is generated using coal

414
Q

Crude Oil - Import and Reserves

A

India is the world’s third-largest importer of
Crude oil (the US is the largest supplier)
e 24%Min the world (0.3% of world’s total oil
reserve)

415
Q

Iron and Steel - Reserves and Production

A

India is the 6th largest reserve holder; 2nd largest producer of Steel, contributing 2% of GDP

416
Q

Forest Cover

A

21.67%

417
Q

Live-Stock Sector - Growth and Contribution

A

Grew at a CAGR of 8.15% (2014-15 to 2019-20); Contribution to total agriculture and allied sector GVA increased from 24.32% (2014-15) to 29.35% (2019-20); Contributed 4.35% of total GVA in 2019-20

418
Q

Live-Stock Sector - Census 2018

A

Total Livestock population is 535.78 million (an increase of 4.6% over Livestock Census-2012); Total Bovine population is 302.79 million, with an increase of 1% over the previous census; Total buffaloes in the country are 109.85 million; Total sheep in the country is 74.26 million; Total Pigs in the country is 9.06 Million; Total poultry in the country is 851.81 million in 2019

419
Q

Fisheries - Production and Rank

A

India is third in fisheries production (6.3% of Global fish production); Second in Aquaculture

420
Q

General - Crude Oil Import/Export

A

Imported 85% of crude oil requirements (2021); Middle East accounts for 60% of oil import (2021)

421
Q

General - Natural Gas Import

A

Imported 45% of Natural Gas requirements (NITI Aayog data)

422
Q

Per Capita Energy Consumption

A

1208 kWh (1/3rd of World Average per capita consumption)

423
Q

Electricity Rankings (India)

A

Producer: 3rd Largest; Consumer: 3rd Largest; Installed Capacity: 5th Largest; Wind Energy production: 4th (IEA); Solar: 5th (IEA)

424
Q

Coal Import

A

Second largest importer of coal (IEA); India has 18% of population but is responsible for 6% of World’s energy production

425
Q

Installed Capacity - Breakdown

A

(Total: 350 GW of installed capacity)
Thermal: 63% ( 56%- Coal, 7%- Gas, Oil0.2%)
Hydro: 13%
Nuclear: 2%
Renewable: 22%

426
Q

Production - Electricity

A

9 States account for 75% of electricity production

427
Q

Renewable Energy Targets

A

175GW by 2022; Target revised to achieve 450GW by 2030; Sector-wise - Wind: 47% (37 GW), Solar: 34% (32 GW), Bio: 13% (9 GW), Small Hydropower: 6% (4 GW); 96.61% of renewable production by Private sector

428
Q

Emissions (India) - CO2 Emissions

A

2.6 Billion Tonnes (6.88% of World); Increase from 1990: 305%; Emissions sources - Energy: 73%, Agriculture: 16%, Industry: 8%, Waste: 2%

429
Q

Fuel for Cooking (Households)

A

49% use Firewood Stoves; 97.4% use LPG (2020); Crop Residue: 9%; Cow Dung cake: 8%

430
Q

Electrification - Villages and Households

A

99% of villages electrified; 96.7% of households electrified (India Residential Energy Survey 2020)

431
Q

Efficiency Increase (Electricity)

A

22.8% increase from 2005-2016 (NITI Aayog)

432
Q

Technical & Commercial Losses

A

Transmission and Distribution losses in India: 20.6% (Central Electricity Authority)

433
Q

Ease of Doing Business - Getting Electricity

A

Rank: 24 (2018); Previous Rank: 137 (2014)

434
Q

Net Exporter of Electricity

A

To Nepal, Bangladesh, and Myanmar

435
Q

India’s COP26 “Panchamrit” Goals:glassgow summit 2021

A
  1. 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity by 2030
  2. 50% renewable energy share by 2030
  3. Reduce carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030
  4. Reduce carbon intensity by 45% by 2030
  5. Achieve net zero emissions by 2070
436
Q

Carbon Neutrality Goal

A

India aims for carbon neutrality by 2070, with a 50% reduction in emissions by 2030

437
Q

Social Needs - Electricity Access

A

2 crore Households without access to Electricity; Electricity consumption per capita is 1/3rd of World Average; Around 30% of Global Poor live in India; 24% of Global Population without electricity lives in India

438
Q

SDG 7 -

A

Universal Energy Access
India aims to provide universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030

439
Q

Internet Penetration in India

A

622 Million (40% of the population); Expected to increase to 900 million by 2025; 2nd largest Internet Subscribers in the world are in India; Top 3 in digital consumers

440
Q

Rural-Urban Internet Penetration

A

Urban: 67% (Growth Rate: 4%); Rural: 31% (Growth Rate: 12%) (ICUBE Report 2020)

441
Q

Digital Penetration

A

Over 45% of population is online with ease of access, usage of online services, and receives quality services (RBI Financial Inclusion Index 2021); Only 17% women across India are connected; Internet users in rural India are almost exclusively men (98% of total connected users); In urban India, 79% of Internet users are male (Boston Consulting Group survey)

442
Q

NSO Survey on Digital Education Divide (2020)

A

Rural Households with Computer: 4.4%; Urban Households with Computer: 23.4%; Rural Households with Internet: 14.9%; Urban Households with Internet: 42%

443
Q

Mobile Phone Usage

A

77% of Urban users use mobile phones for Internet; 92% of Rural users use mobile phones for Internet

444
Q

Mobile Subscriptions (India)

A

1.2 Billion (2021) as per TRAI; 2nd largest smartphones market

445
Q

Average Download Speed (Mobile)

A

17.8 Mbps (Rank: 122/140); Global Average: 32 Mbps (Speedtest Global Index)

446
Q

Digital Identity

A

99% coverage under Aadhar

447
Q

Digital Usage

A

Largest Social Media users; 2nd largest instant messaging service users (WhatsApp)

448
Q

Digital Payments to GDP

A

7.69% in 2019 (RBI)

449
Q

Payment Modes (Online)

A

Debit/Credit: 43.5%; UPI: 40.4%; Net Banking: 10.9%

450
Q

Card Penetration per capita

A

0.66

451
Q

Adoption of Digital Payments (Highest)

A

Food and Beverage; Tours and Tourism

452
Q

Gender Parity in Internet Access

A

All India: Male 67%, Female 33%; Urban: Male 62%, Female 38%; Rural: Male 72%, Female 28% (India Internet 2019 report)

453
Q

Digital Literacy

A

Almost a third of all children in Classes 1 and II did not have a smartphone available at home (ASER 2021 Survey); Over 60% of women in 12 states and union territories have never used the internet (NFHS Report)

454
Q

Ransomware Breaches Incidents

A

Ransomware breaches up by 13% in 2022 (Verizon DBIR report); 25% of total breaches were the result of social engineering attacks; Over 6 lakh cyber breaches reported in the first half of 2021; Red Echo Cyber-attack on Power Grid in Maharashtra in March 2021; India ranks 3rd in terms of Cyber Vulnerability

455
Q

Cyber Attacks

A

India witnessed a three-fold increase in cybersecurity-related incidents in 2020 compared to 2019, recording 1.16 million breaches (Computer Emergency Response Team Data); Over 6,07,220 recorded cybersecurity breaches till June 2021

456
Q

Digital Information

A

98%

457
Q

Print Information

A

2%

458
Q

Trends

A

10% increase in broadband can increase GDP by 1.4%; Direct benefit transfers (DBT) saved ₹1.1 lakh crore out of ₹6 crore spent on subsidies in 2018

459
Q

Insurance Penetration (2020)

A

Overall: 4.2% (Economic Survey 2022); Life Insurance: 3.2%; Non-life Insurance: 1%; World Average: 6%

460
Q

Insurance Density

A

Increased from USD 11.5 in 2001 to USD 78 in 2020

461
Q

Bank Accounts (Banking Penetration)

A

80% (Global Findex Report 2018); 190 million Indian adults do not have bank accounts (World Bank report); Online banking penetration expected to reach 50% by 2025

462
Q

Stressed Assets

A

85% under Public Sector Banks

463
Q

Banking Assets

A

Top 10 Banks hold 58% of total banking assets (Indicates low level of risk diversification)

464
Q

Informal Lending (Money Lenders)

A

Account for 30% of total banking activities

465
Q

Bank Credit to GDP

A

56% (BIS Data); China: 98% of GDP

466
Q

Rare Diseases

A
  • 6,000-8,000 classified rare diseases, less than 5% have therapies available\n- India has 50-100 million people affected, with 80% being children (policy report)
467
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • National TB Prevalence Survey (2019-21): India
468
Q

HIV

A
  • 21 lakh people living with HIV in India\n- Estimated annual new HIV infections declining by 37% from 2010 to 2019 (HIV Estimates report 2019)
469
Q

Polio

A
  • India certified polio-free on March 27, 2014, last case reported in January 2011
470
Q

Malaria

A
  • India has 15 million cases annually with 19,500-20,000 deaths\n- Reduction in reported cases by 49% and deaths by 50.5% in 2019 (WHO)
471
Q

Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

A
  • 1 in 4 Indians at risk of dying from an NCD before age 70\n- NCDs contribute to 60% of all deaths in India (NIH Data)
472
Q

Space Technology

A
  • ISRO Budget: 3.48% increase in expenditure allocation (2020-21)\n- ISRO revenue: Rs 324.19 crore in FY 2018-19, up 40% from previous year\n- Market Share: ISRO holds 3% of global space market ($350 billion)
473
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A
  • Job loss: 30% (3 million jobs) projected loss by 2022 due to robot process automation (Bank of America Report)\n- AI potential: Could add US$957 billion to India

MAINS (26 decks)

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