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substance misuse Flashcards

1
Q

Which substance is commonly known as “ecstasy”?
a. Cocaine
b. Methamphetamine
c. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
d. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

A

d. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

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2
Q

What is the main pharmacologic action of benzodiazepines and barbiturates?
a. CNS stimulation
b. Inhibition of nerve transmission in the CNS
c. Increase in muscle tension
d. Peripheral vasodilation

A

b. Inhibition of nerve transmission in the CNS

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3
Q

True or False:

Opioids can cause both physical and psychological dependence.

A

True

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4
Q

Alcohol is commonly used as a solvent for many drugs.

A

True

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5
Q

Select All That Apply:

Which of the following are adverse effects of stimulants?
a. Hypotension
b. Insomnia
c. Increased libido
d. Constipation
e. Hyperthermia

A

b. Insomnia, c. Increased libido, e. Hyperthermia

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6
Q

Select all that apply
What are the signs of opioid drug withdrawal?
a. Elevated blood pressure
b. Diaphoresis
c. Diarrhea
d. Increased heart rate
e. Insomnia

A

b. Diaphoresis, c. Diarrhea, e. Insomnia

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7
Q

Which substance is commonly used to treat opioid dependence?
a. Cocaine
b. Methadone
c. LSD
d. Marijuana

A

b. Methadone

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8
Q

What is the primary pharmacologic action of benzodiazepines and barbiturates?
a. CNS stimulation
b. CNS depression
c. Peripheral vasodilation
d. Increased heart rate

A

b. CNS depression

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Methamphetamine can be consumed in pill form only.

A

False

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10
Q

Select All That Apply:

What are common adverse effects of depressants?
a. Drowsiness
b. Increased heart rate
c. Nausea
d. Loss of coordination
e. Constipation

A

a. Drowsiness, c. Nausea, d. Loss of coordination

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11
Q

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
Which substances are commonly misused stimulants?
a. Cocaine
b. Methamphetamine
c. Marijuana
d. LSD
e. Nicotine

A

a. Cocaine, b. Methamphetamine, e. Nicotine

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12
Q

Which assessment tool may be used to screen for substance misuse in teenagers?
a. CAGE Alcoholism Screening Test
b. Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)
c. Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test Geriatric version (MAST-G)
d. Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT)

A

d. Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT)

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13
Q

What is the primary goal when establishing therapeutic rapport with a patient struggling with substance misuse?
a. Encouraging continued substance use
b. Demonstrating judgmental attitudes
c. Providing empathy and support
d. Avoiding communication about recovery options

A

c. Providing empathy and support

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Counseling, including individual sessions and participation in Alcoholics Anonymous, is not an essential part of the recovery process for substance misuse.

A

False

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15
Q

Select All That Apply:

What should nursing assessments include regarding substance abuse?
a. Closed-ended questions
b. Nonjudgmental attitude
c. Open-ended questions
d. Avoidance of withdrawal symptoms
e. Observation for clues to substance misuse

A

b. Nonjudgmental attitude, e. Observation for clues to substance misuse

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16
Q

SAPA:
Which interventions are part of nursing implications for substance misuse?
a. Providing monitoring and support
b. Encouraging continued substance use
c. Avoiding communication about recovery options
d. Discouraging involvement of family members in the recovery process
e. Educating patients about the recovery process

A

a. Providing monitoring and support, e. Educating patients about the recovery process

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17
Q

When assessing a patient for substance misuse, which of the following assessment tools may be particularly useful for identifying subtle signs of substance abuse?
a. CAGE Alcoholism Screening Test
b. Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)
c. Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test Geriatric version (MAST-G)
d. Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT)

A

b. Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)

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18
Q

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate during the peak period of opioid withdrawal?
a. Encouraging isolation to avoid triggering stimuli
b. Administering opioid antagonists to block opioid receptors
c. Providing emotional support and monitoring vital signs
d. Recommending immediate cessation of all medications

A

c. Providing emotional support and monitoring vital signs

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19
Q

True or False:

The assessment for substance misuse should only include closed-ended questions to maintain objectivity and efficiency.

A

False

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20
Q

Select All That Apply:

What are appropriate nursing interventions during substance withdrawal?
a. Administering benzodiazepines to hasten the withdrawal process
b. Providing a nonjudgmental and supportive environment
c. Monitoring vital signs closely for signs of distress
d. Encouraging continued substance use to prevent withdrawal symptoms
e. Educating the patient and family about the withdrawal process

A

b. Providing a nonjudgmental and supportive environment, c. Monitoring vital signs closely for signs of distress, e. Educating the patient and family about the withdrawal process

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21
Q

What are common adverse effects of opioids?
a. Increased heart rate and blood pressure
b. Gastrointestinal discomfort and diarrhea
c. Respiratory depression and drowsiness
d. Increased alertness and euphoria

A

c. Respiratory depression and drowsiness

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22
Q

Methamphetamine is commonly associated with which of the following adverse effects?
a. Sedation and muscle relaxation
b. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
c. Restlessness and insomnia
d. Nausea and vomiting

A

c. Restlessness and insomnia

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23
Q

What is a typical indication for the use of benzodiazepines?
a. Treatment of depression
b. Management of anxiety and insomnia
c. Relief of pain
d. Stimulation of the central nervous system

A

b. Management of anxiety and insomnia

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24
Q

Cocaine primarily affects which neurotransmitter system in the brain?
a. Dopamine
b. Serotonin
c. Acetylcholine
d. GABA

A

a. Dopamine

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25
Q

Which of the following is a common symptom of alcohol withdrawal?
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Hypertension
c. Seizures
d. Increased appetite

A

c. Seizures

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26
Q

True or False:

Chronic ingestion of opioids can lead to respiratory depression.

A

True

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27
Q

True or False:
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is known for its sedative effects.

A

False

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28
Q

True or False:

Overdose of cocaine can result in convulsions and coma.

A

True

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29
Q

True or False:
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms may include hallucinations.

A

True

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30
Q

Select All That Apply:

Which of the following are potential contraindications for the use of opioids?
a. Respiratory depression
b. History of substance misuse
c. Severe pain
d. Allergy to opioids

A

a. Respiratory depression, b. History of substance misuse, d. Allergy to opioids

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31
Q

SAPA
What are common symptoms of methamphetamine withdrawal?
a. Muscle cramps
b. Hypersomnia
c. Elevated blood pressure
d. Anorexia

A

a. Muscle cramps, b. Hypersomnia, d. Anorexia

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32
Q

SAPA:
Which of the following are effects of chronic alcohol ingestion?
a. Wernicke’s encephalopathy
b. Increased heart rate
c. Reduced appetite
d. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

a. Wernicke’s encephalopathy, d. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

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33
Q

SAPA:
What are common symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Euphoria
c. Dry mouth
d. Hypotension

A

a. Increased heart rate, c. Dry mouth

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34
Q

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by nicotine in the brain?
a. Serotonin
b. GABA
c. Acetylcholine
d. Dopamine

A

c. Acetylcholine

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35
Q

Chronic alcohol ingestion can lead to which of the following conditions?
a. Increased appetite
b. Cirrhosis of the liver
c. Reduced heart rate
d. Improved cognitive function

A

b. Cirrhosis of the liver

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36
Q

Which of the following is a potential consequence of cocaine overdose?
a. Hypotension
b. Bradycardia
c. Cerebral hemorrhage
d. Respiratory depression

A

c. Cerebral hemorrhage

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37
Q

True or False:

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms typically peak within 24 hours of cessation.

A

T

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38
Q

t or f
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

A

f

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39
Q

t or f: Chronic methamphetamine use can lead to weight gain.

A

false

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40
Q

t or f: Alcohol withdrawal can lead to hallucinations known as delirium tremens.

A

t

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41
Q

Select All That Apply:

What are potential adverse effects of chronic opioid use?
a. Constipation
b. Bradycardia
c. Respiratory depression
d. Elevated mood

A

a. Constipation, c. Respiratory depression

42
Q

SAPA
Which of the following are potential withdrawal symptoms of stimulant drugs?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Suicidal thoughts
c. Hypotension
d. Muscle weakness

A

a. Increased heart rate, b. Suicidal thoughts

43
Q

SAPA:
What are common symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?
a. Increased appetite
b. Insomnia
c. Dry mouth
d. Bradycardia

A

a. Increased appetite, b. Insomnia

44
Q

SAPA
Which substances are associated with the risk of overdose?
a. Methamphetamine
b. Opioids
c. Alcohol
d. Nicotine

A

b. Opioids, c. Alcohol

45
Q

Which of the following are potential adverse effects of cocaine use?
a. Increased appetite
b. Hypertension
c. Reduced heart rate
d. Sedation

A

b. Hypertension

46
Q

What are the different types of dependence associated with substance misuse?
a) Physical dependence only
b) Psychological dependence only
c) Habituation only
d) Physical dependence, psychological dependence, habituation, and addiction

A

d) Physical dependence, psychological dependence, habituation, and addiction

47
Q

Which of the following are commonly misused opioids?
a) Cocaine, marijuana, and LSD
b) Heroin, oxycodone, and fentanyl
c) Methamphetamine, ecstasy, and nicotine
d) Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and PCP

A

b) Heroin, oxycodone, and fentanyl

48
Q

What are the intended effects of opioids?
a) Increase heart rate and alertness
b) Induce hallucinations and euphoria
c) Relieve pain, reduce cough, and induce anesthesia
d) Produce relaxation and muscle weakness

A

c) Relieve pain, reduce cough, and induce anesthesia

49
Q

How does methadone differ from other opioids in its use?
a) It has a shorter duration of action
b) It is administered intravenously
c) It is used to treat opioid dependence with a goal of gradual dosage reduction
d) It is primarily used as an anesthetic

A

c) It is used to treat opioid dependence with a goal of gradual dosage reduction

50
Q

What are the common routes of administration for heroin?
a) Oral ingestion and transdermal patches
b) Injection, sniffing, and smoking
c) Inhalation and rectal suppositories
d) Sublingual administration and nasal sprays

A

b) Injection, sniffing, and smoking

51
Q

Which adverse effects of opioids primarily affect the central nervous system?
a) Hypotension and constipation
b) Drowsiness and respiratory depression
c) Flushing of the face and sweating
d) Nausea and vomiting

A

b) Drowsiness and respiratory depression

52
Q

How long does the peak period of opioid withdrawal typically last?
a) 1 to 3 hours
b) 1 to 3 days
c) 1 to 3 weeks
d) 1 to 3 months

A

b) 1 to 3 days

53
Q

What are some signs of opioid withdrawal?
a) Increased heart rate and dilated pupils
b) Muscle cramps and nausea
c) Hypertension and sweating
d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above

54
Q

What is the goal of methadone therapy in treating opioid dependence?
a) To induce anesthesia
b) To produce euphoria
c) To achieve permanent drug-free living through gradual dosage reduction
d) To treat insomnia

A

c) To achieve permanent drug-free living through gradual dosage reduction

55
Q

How is heroin misuse associated with respiratory depression?
a) By increasing heart rate
b) By directly affecting the brainstem’s respiratory centers
c) By causing vasoconstriction
d) By stimulating the cough reflex

A

b) By directly affecting the brainstem’s respiratory centers

56
Q

Which medication blocks opioid receptors to prevent euphoria?
a) Naloxone
b) Methylnaltrexone bromide
c) Naltrexone hydrochloride
d) Buprenorphine hydrochloride

A

c

57
Q

What is the injectable form of naltrexone called?
a) Relistor®
b) Suboxone®
c) Targin®
d) Methamphetamine

A

a

58
Q

What medication combination is used for opioid overdose?
a) Naltrexone and buprenorphine hydrochloride
b) Naloxone and methylnaltrexone bromide
c) Naloxone and hydromorphone hydrochloride
d) Naltrexone and methylenedioxymethamphetamine

A

c

59
Q

Which drug is stronger than other amphetamines and is commonly known as “ice” or “crystal meth”?
a) Cocaine
b) Methamphetamine
c) Methylphenidate hydrochloride
d) Dextroamphetamine sulphate

A

b

60
Q

What form of methamphetamine is smokable and considered more powerful?
a) Pill form
b) Powder form
c) Crystallized form
d) Injectable form

A

c

61
Q

What is another name for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)?
a) Cocaine
b) Methamphetamine
c) Ecstasy
d) Bath salts

A

c

62
Q

How is cocaine commonly administered?
a) Orally
b) Intravenously
c) Subcutaneously
d) Intramuscularly

A

b

63
Q

What adverse effect of stimulants primarily affects the central nervous system?
a) Hypertension
b) Dry mouth
c) Insomnia
d) Hyperactive reflexes

A

d

64
Q

Which adverse effect of stimulants affects the cardiovascular system?
a) Dry mouth
b) Syncope (fainting)
c) Metallic taste
d) Abdominal cramps

A

a

65
Q

What is a potential fatal consequence of stimulant overdose?
a) Hypertension
b) Fatal hyperthermia
c) Insomnia
d) Dry mouth

A

b

66
Q

What is a possible consequence of stimulant overdose?
a) Coma
b) Hypertension
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Bradycardia

A

a) Coma

67
Q

During which periods might stimulant overdose occur?
a) Intoxication only
b) Withdrawal only
c) Both intoxication and withdrawal
d) Neither intoxication nor withdrawal

A

c) Both intoxication and withdrawal

68
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of stimulant withdrawal?
a) Social withdrawal
b) Psychomotor retardation
c) Hypersomnia
d) Increased libido

A

d) Increased libido

69
Q

Which class of drugs increases the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain?
a) Stimulants
b) Opioids
c) Benzodiazepines
d) Barbiturates

A

c) Benzodiazepines

70
Q

What is the primary effect of benzodiazepines?
a) CNS stimulation
b) Muscle relaxation
c) Increased alertness
d) Elevated mood

A

b) Muscle relaxation

71
Q

Which of the following is an adverse effect of depressants on the CNS?
a) Increased coordination
b) Euphoria
c) Headaches
d) Drowsiness

A

d) Drowsiness

72
Q

What is a characteristic symptom of depressant withdrawal?
a) Increased psychomotor activity
b) Hyperthermia
c) Euphoria
d) Increased libido

A

a) Increased psychomotor activity

73
Q

Which condition is associated with chronic ethanol ingestion?
a) Wernicke’s encephalopathy
b) Hypertension
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Osteoporosis

A

a) Wernicke’s encephalopathy

74
Q

What is a common effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on the cardiovascular system?
a) Bradycardia
b) Vasodilation
c) Hypertension
d) Cardiomyopathy

A

d) Cardiomyopathy

75
Q

Which disorder is associated with prenatal exposure to alcohol?
a) Down syndrome
b) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
c) Cystic fibrosis
d) Turner syndrome

A

b) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

76
Q

What is the primary effect of ethanol on the central nervous system (CNS)?
a) CNS stimulation
b) Respiratory depression
c) Increased sweating
d) CNS depression

A

d) CNS depression

77
Q

What is a possible consequence of stimulant overdose?
a) Coma
b) Hypertension
c) Hypoglycemia
d) Bradycardia

A

a) Coma

78
Q

During which periods might stimulant overdose occur?
a) Intoxication only
b) Withdrawal only
c) Both intoxication and withdrawal
d) Neither intoxication nor withdrawal

A

c) Both intoxication and withdrawal

79
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of stimulant withdrawal?
a) Social withdrawal
b) Psychomotor retardation
c) Hypersomnia
d) Increased libido

A

d) Increased libido

80
Q

What is the primary effect of benzodiazepines?
a) CNS stimulation
b) Muscle relaxation
c) Increased alertness
d) Elevated mood

A

b) Muscle relaxation

81
Q

Which of the following is an adverse effect of depressants on the CNS?
a) Increased coordination
b) Euphoria
c) Headaches
d) Drowsiness

A

d) Drowsiness

82
Q

What is a characteristic symptom of depressant withdrawal?
a) Increased psychomotor activity
b) Hyperthermia
c) Euphoria
d) Increased libido

A

a) Increased psychomotor activity

83
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of ethanol withdrawal?
a) Increased appetite
b) Bradycardia
c) Elevated blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature
d) Euphoria

A

c) Elevated blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature

84
Q

How is ethanol withdrawal classified?
a) Mild, moderate, or severe
b) Acute or chronic
c) Short-term or long-term
d) Physical or psychological

A

a) Mild, moderate, or severe

85
Q

What is the treatment of choice for ethanol withdrawal?
a) Opioids
b) Benzodiazepines
c) Antidepressants
d) Antipsychotics

A

b) Benzodiazepines

86
Q

Which medication is recommended for severe ethanol withdrawal?
a) Disulfiram (Antabuse®)
b) Naltrexone
c) Acamprosate calcium
d) Monitoring in a Critical Care Unit

A

d) Monitoring in a Critical Care Unit

87
Q

What is the primary effect of nicotine on the autonomic ganglia?
a) Depression
b) Stimulation
c) Sedation
d) Analgesia

A

b) Stimulation

88
Q

Why do many individuals smoke nicotine?
a) To induce sleep
b) To relieve anxiety
c) To create physiological stress
d) To increase appetite

A

b) To relieve anxiety

89
Q

What is a common manifestation of nicotine withdrawal?
a) Increased heart rate
b) Hypertension
c) Increased appetite
d) Elevated mood

A

c) Increased appetite

90
Q

Which medication stimulates nicotine receptors and aids in smoking cessation?
a) Bupropion hydrochloride (Zyban®)
b) Nicotine transdermal system (patch)
c) Nicotine polacrilex (gum)
d) Varenicline tartrate (Champix®)

A

d) Varenicline tartrate (Champix®)

91
Q

What should nursing assessments for substance abuse include?
a) Closed-ended questions
b) Judgemental questions
c) Nonjudgemental and open-ended questions
d) Physical examination only

A

c) Nonjudgemental and open-ended questions

92
Q

What is a crucial aspect of patient care during withdrawal?
a) Providing minimal monitoring
b) Ignoring withdrawal symptoms
c) Ensuring patient safety
d) Minimizing family involvement

A

c) Ensuring patient safety

93
Q

Which medication is no longer manufactured in Canada for treating alcoholism?
a) Disulfiram (Antabuse®)
b) Naltrexone
c) Acamprosate calcium
d) Methadone

A

a) Disulfiram (Antabuse®)

94
Q

What is a primary effect of benzodiazepines in treating ethanol withdrawal?
a) CNS stimulation
b) Increased heart rate
c) Muscle relaxation
d) Respiratory depression

A

c) Muscle relaxation

95
Q

Which symptom does not typically occur during nicotine withdrawal?
a) Irritability
b) Decreased heart rate
c) Restlessness
d) Cigarette craving

A

b) Decreased heart rate

96
Q

Which of the following is a medication used to provide nicotine replacement therapy?
a) Acamprosate calcium
b) Methadone
c) Nicotine transdermal system (patch)
d) Diazepam (Valium®)

A

c) Nicotine transdermal system (patch)

97
Q

What is the goal of using bupropion hydrochloride (Zyban®) in smoking cessation?
a) To stimulate nicotine receptors
b) To induce euphoria
c) To reduce nicotine cravings
d) To enhance nicotine absorption

A

c) To reduce nicotine cravings

98
Q

What is a potential consequence of nicotine withdrawal?
a) Hypertension
b) Bradycardia
c) Decreased appetite
d) Reduced anxiety

A

a) Hypertension

99
Q

Which nursing implication is essential during patient care?
a) Using closed-ended questions
b) Avoiding empathy
c) Providing minimal support
d) Establishing therapeutic rapport

A

d) Establishing therapeutic rapport

100
Q

What is a potential side effect of using the nicotine transdermal system (patch)?
a) Increased appetite
b) Rash
c) Insomnia
d) Anxiety

A

b) Rash

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