Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

major challenge of antiviral treatment

Answer 1

any drug that kills viruses also kills human cells

Question 2

populations with high risk of opportunistic infections

Answer 2

immunocompromised pts

Question 3

patient education on antiviral therapy for immunocompromised pts

Answer 3

requires long term prophylaxis and anti-infective drug therapy

Question 4

Amantadine hydrochloride MOA & indication

Answer 4

narrow antiviral spectrum; active only against influenza A

Question 5

Amantadine hydrochloride adverse effects

Answer 5

CNS: insomnia, nervousness, light headedness
GI: anorexia, nausea
others: blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

Question 6

acyclovir MOA

Answer 6

synthetic nucleoside analogue

Question 7

acyclovir indication

Answer 7

HSV 1, HSV 2, HHV 3 (VZV)

Question 8

when should you take acyclovir for HHV 3 (VZV)

Answer 8

started within 72 hr of symptom onset

Question 9

ganciclovir hydrochloride MOA

Answer 9

synthetic nucleoside analogue of guanosine

Question 10

ganciclovir hydrochloride indication

Answer 10

infection by CMV; CMV retinitis

Question 11

Dose limiting toxicity of ganciclovir

Answer 11

bone marrow suppression

Question 12

neuraminidase inhibitors drugs

Answer 12

oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)

Question 13

oseltamivir phosphate indication

Answer 13

influenza A and B; reduce duration of illness

Question 14

oseltamivir phosphate adverse effects

Answer 14

nausea and emesis

Question 15

oseltamivir phosphate route

Answer 15

PO only

Question 16

zanamivir route

Answer 16

inhalation

Question 17

zanamivir adverse effects

Answer 17

diarrhea, nausea, sinusitis

Question 18

amantadine hydrochloride contraindication

Answer 18

lactating women, children < 12 yrs, eczematous rash

Question 19

acyclovir adverse effects

Answer 19

nausea, emesis, diarrhea, headache, burning when topically applied*

Question 20

ganciclovir adverse effects

Answer 20

bone marrow toxicity, nausea, emesis, headache, seizures

Question 21

zanamivir indication

Answer 21

only for treatment of active influenza A and B

Question 22

Drug of choice for hepatitis C

Answer 22

ribavirin (virazole)

Question 23

virazole indication

Answer 23

inhaled form of ribavirin used for hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections (RSV)

Question 24

4 stages of HIV infections

Answer 24

Stage 1: asymptomatic infection: enlarged lymph nodes
stage 2: early general symptoms: weight loss less than 10%, enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, skin rashes, fever
Stage 3: moderate symptoms: all of the above. weight loss greater than 10%, diarrhea, dropping CD4 count
Stage 4: severe, including AIDS defining illnesses: pneumonia, complex infections

Question 25

ribavirin contraindication

Answer 25

pregnant women and their male sexual partners

Question 26

ribavirin patient education on PPE

Answer 26

wear mask to prevent second hand inhalation

Question 27

how long should acyclovir be administered if parenteral

Answer 27

over an hour

Question 28

how much water to drink with acyclovir and reason why

Answer 28

at least 3 000 mL/day to prevent crystal urea

Question 29

diagnostic test to assess ganciclovir effectiveness

Answer 29

CBC; monitors bone marrow suppression

Question 30

Chemoprophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV

Answer 30

tenofovir (NRTI) & lamivudine (NRTI) & raltegravir (integrase inhibitor)

Question 31

when to start baseline blood testing for post exposure to HIV

Answer 31

within 72 hours

Question 32

Antiretroviral drugs

Answer 32

-reverse transcriptase inhibitors -protease inhibitors -fusion inhibitors -entry inhibitors -integrase inhibitors

Question 33

reverse transcriptase inhibitors MOA

Answer 33

block activity of enzyme reverse transcriptase = prevent new viral DNA production

Question 34

reverse transcriptase inhibitors subtypes

Answer 34

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

Question 35

Protease inhibitors MOA

Answer 35

inhibit protease retroviral enzyme = prevent viral replication

Question 36

fusion inhibitors MOA

Answer 36

inhibit viral fusion

Question 37

entry inhibitor drug

Answer 37

maraviroc

Question 38

integrase inhibitors drug

Answer 38

raltegrvir potassium

Question 39

Protease inhibitors

Answer 39

indinavir

Question 40

indinavir interaction with food

Answer 40

decreased absorption with protein fatty foods

Question 41

how should indivanir be taken

Answer 41

without food, with lots of fluid to reduce kidney stones

Question 42

indinavir effect in CD4 cell count

Answer 42

increases

Question 43

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) drug

Answer 43

zidovudine

Question 44

zidovudine major dose limiting adverse effect

Answer 44

bone marrow suppression

Question 45

what drug to take with zidovudine to prevent bone marrow suppression

Answer 45

didanosine

Question 46

fusion inhibitor drug

Answer 46

enfurvirtide

Question 47

T/f: antiviral meds cures illness

Answer 47

False; only symptom management

Question 48

Patient education on antiviral meds

Answer 48

Medication adherence start therapy at earliest sign of recurrent episodes of genital herpes or herpes zoster