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PHARM > Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

major challenge of antiviral treatment

A

any drug that kills viruses also kills human cells

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2
Q

populations with high risk of opportunistic infections

A

immunocompromised pts

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3
Q

patient education on antiviral therapy for immunocompromised pts

A

requires long term prophylaxis and anti-infective drug therapy

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4
Q

Amantadine hydrochloride MOA & indication

A

narrow antiviral spectrum; active only against influenza A

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5
Q

Amantadine hydrochloride adverse effects

A

CNS: insomnia, nervousness, light headedness
GI: anorexia, nausea
others: blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects

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6
Q

acyclovir MOA

A

synthetic nucleoside analogue

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7
Q

acyclovir indication

A

HSV 1, HSV 2, HHV 3 (VZV)

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8
Q

when should you take acyclovir for HHV 3 (VZV)

A

started within 72 hr of symptom onset

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9
Q

ganciclovir hydrochloride MOA

A

synthetic nucleoside analogue of guanosine

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10
Q

ganciclovir hydrochloride indication

A

infection by CMV; CMV retinitis

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11
Q

Dose limiting toxicity of ganciclovir

A

bone marrow suppression

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12
Q

neuraminidase inhibitors drugs

A

oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)

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13
Q

oseltamivir phosphate indication

A

influenza A and B; reduce duration of illness

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14
Q

oseltamivir phosphate adverse effects

A

nausea and emesis

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15
Q

oseltamivir phosphate route

A

PO only

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16
Q

zanamivir route

A

inhalation

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17
Q

zanamivir adverse effects

A

diarrhea, nausea, sinusitis

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18
Q

amantadine hydrochloride contraindication

A

lactating women, children < 12 yrs, eczematous rash

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19
Q

acyclovir adverse effects

A

nausea, emesis, diarrhea, headache, burning when topically applied*

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20
Q

ganciclovir adverse effects

A

bone marrow toxicity, nausea, emesis, headache, seizures

21
Q

zanamivir indication

A

only for treatment of active influenza A and B

22
Q

Drug of choice for hepatitis C

A

ribavirin (virazole)

23
Q

virazole indication

A

inhaled form of ribavirin used for hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections (RSV)

24
Q

4 stages of HIV infections

A

Stage 1: asymptomatic infection: enlarged lymph nodes
stage 2: early general symptoms: weight loss less than 10%, enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, skin rashes, fever
Stage 3: moderate symptoms: all of the above. weight loss greater than 10%, diarrhea, dropping CD4 count
Stage 4: severe, including AIDS defining illnesses: pneumonia, complex infections

25
Q

ribavirin contraindication

A

pregnant women and their male sexual partners

26
Q

ribavirin patient education on PPE

A

wear mask to prevent second hand inhalation

27
Q

how long should acyclovir be administered if parenteral

A

over an hour

28
Q

how much water to drink with acyclovir and reason why

A

at least 3 000 mL/day to prevent crystal urea

29
Q

diagnostic test to assess ganciclovir effectiveness

A

CBC; monitors bone marrow suppression

30
Q

Chemoprophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV

A

tenofovir (NRTI) & lamivudine (NRTI) & raltegravir (integrase inhibitor)

31
Q

when to start baseline blood testing for post exposure to HIV

A

within 72 hours

32
Q

Antiretroviral drugs

A

-reverse transcriptase inhibitors
-protease inhibitors
-fusion inhibitors
-entry inhibitors
-integrase inhibitors

33
Q

reverse transcriptase inhibitors MOA

A

block activity of enzyme reverse transcriptase = prevent new viral DNA production

34
Q

reverse transcriptase inhibitors subtypes

A

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

35
Q

Protease inhibitors MOA

A

inhibit protease retroviral enzyme = prevent viral replication

36
Q

fusion inhibitors MOA

A

inhibit viral fusion

37
Q

entry inhibitor drug

A

maraviroc

38
Q

integrase inhibitors drug

A

raltegrvir potassium

39
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

indinavir

40
Q

indinavir interaction with food

A

decreased absorption with protein fatty foods

41
Q

how should indivanir be taken

A

without food, with lots of fluid to reduce kidney stones

42
Q

indinavir effect in CD4 cell count

A

increases

43
Q

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) drug

A

zidovudine

44
Q

zidovudine major dose limiting adverse effect

A

bone marrow suppression

45
Q

what drug to take with zidovudine to prevent bone marrow suppression

A

didanosine

46
Q

fusion inhibitor drug

A

enfurvirtide

47
Q

T/f: antiviral meds cures illness

A

False; only symptom management

48
Q

Patient education on antiviral meds

A

Medication adherence
start therapy at earliest sign of recurrent episodes of genital herpes or herpes zoster

PHARM (20 decks)

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