Antitubercular Flashcards
what is tuberculosis?
granulomas in the lungs, and causes inflammation in the lungs
how is tuberculosis passed through?
droplets, coughing and sneezing, inhalation
who are the most commonly affected group in Canada that are infected with TB?
indigenous
what drugs that multi drug resistant tuberculosis are resistant to?
isoniazid, and rifampin
how long do close contact patients of MDR-TB need to be treated for?
6-9 months
what is TB drug is used for primary treatment of TB?
Isoniazid
why do we use two drugs in the beginning of therapy and then three at the end of therapy
to prevent multi-drug resistance
what are the first line anti tubercular drugs?
isoniazid (primary)
ethambutol hydrochloride
pyrazinamide
rifampin
what are the second line drugs for tb?
amikacin sulphate
levofloxacin hemihydrate
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
what drug should we watch out for people who are called “slow acetylators”
isoniazid
what are the adverse effects of isoniazid
peripheral neuritis, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycaemia doscolouration of body fluids
what do we give patients who are on isoniazid?
B6
can you give children under the age of 13 ethambutol hcl?
no
what are some adverse effects with ethambutol hcl?
visual Changs (optic neuritis, blindness, altered colour perception)
what are contraindications for pyrazinamide?
gout and severe liver disease, and pregnancy
what are adverse effects of rifampin?
discolouration of: skin, tears, sweat, faces, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and tongue
what is a purified protein derivative?
a tb injection test (0.1 mL, under the skin)
BCG (bacille calmette-guerin) vacine
used around the world, and for the FN people in the north west
what are the major effects of anti tubercular therapy?
reduction of cough, reduction of infectious disease
can most cases of TB be cured?
yes
how long does drug therapy become effective?
2 weeks
how long does a successful treatment of TB usually take?
6-12 months
why do we usually begin with a lot of drugs in the beginning?
to prevent any form of drug tolerance
how do we know to adjust the drugs that someone is taking, during the course
we can adjust after doing a culture on the mycobacterium
what should be the patient teachings for this drug?
we should teach them to keep taking the drug, no matter what
Effectiveness depends on
Type of infection
Adequate dosing
Sufficient duration of treatment
Adherence to drug regimen
Selection of an effective drug combination
what is a primary nursing assessment for someone who is going to take INH or rifampin
do a liver assessment, especially if they are a hard core alcohol drinker
“Rifampin causes oral contraceptives to become ineffective; another form of birth control is needed.”
True or false?
Forda true
“Patients who are taking rifampin should be told that their urine, stool, saliva, sputum, sweat, or tears may become reddish orange; even contact lenses may be stained”
True or false
Forda true
“Pyridoxine may be needed to combat neurological adverse effects associated with INH therapy”
True or false
Forda true
