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PHARM > adrenal > Flashcards

adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?
A) Secretion of catecholamines
B) Secretion of corticosteroids
C) Regulation of blood pressure
D) Regulation of heart rate

A

b

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2
Q

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the adrenal medulla?
A) Epinephrine
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Thyroxine

A

a

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3
Q

Oversecretion of adrenocortical hormones leads to which syndrome?
A) Addison’s disease
B) Cushing’s syndrome
C) Graves’ disease
D) Hypothyroidism

A

b

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4
Q

Which of the following drugs can be used for the treatment of adrenocortical deficiency?
A) NSAIDs
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Antibiotics
D) Antihistamines

A

b

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5
Q

How do most corticosteroids exert their effects?
A) By inhibiting enzyme activity
B) By enhancing enzyme activity
C) By directly affecting DNA transcription
D) By blocking neurotransmitter receptors

A

a

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6
Q

Which of the following is an indication for the use of glucocorticoids?
A) Bacterial meningitis
B) Hypertension
C) Osteoporosis
D) Diarrhea

A

a

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7
Q

In which condition would glucocorticoids be used as adjunctive therapy?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Anemia
C) Rheumatoid arthritis
D) Hypothyroidism

A

c

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8
Q

How are glucocorticoids commonly administered for the control of bronchospastic states?
A) Orally
B) Intravenously
C) Topically
D) By inhalation

A

d

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9
Q

Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?
A) Prednisone
B) Hydrocortisone
C) Fludrocortisone
D) Dexamethasone

A

c

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10
Q

What is the primary function of adrenal steroid inhibitors?
A) Stimulate adrenal hormone secretion
B) Inhibit the synthesis of adrenal hormones
C) Enhance the breakdown of adrenal hormones
D) Block the action of adrenal hormones

A

b

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11
Q

t/f
The adrenal medulla secretes corticosteroids.

A

f

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12
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids can be administered intravenously.

A

t

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13
Q

t/f
Adrenal steroid inhibitors are primarily used to increase the production of adrenal hormones.

A

f

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14
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids exert their effects primarily by blocking inflammatory and immune responses.

A

t

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15
Q

t/f
Addison’s disease is caused by oversecretion of adrenal hormones.

A

f

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16
Q

SATA
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
A) Epinephrine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Mineralocorticoids

A

c,d

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17
Q

Indications for the use of glucocorticoids include:
A) Allergic disorders
B) Cancer
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

A

a,b,d

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18
Q

SATA
Drugs used for the treatment of adrenal disorders include:
A) NSAIDs
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Antibiotics
D) Adrenal steroid inhibitors

A

b,d

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19
Q

Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes catecholamines?
A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Adrenal papilla
D) Adrenal nephron

A

b

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20
Q

What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids?
A) Regulation of metabolism
B) Regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance
C) Regulation of stress response
D) Regulation of reproductive functions

A

b

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21
Q

Which condition results from undersecretion of adrenocortical hormones?
A) Cushing’s syndrome
B) Addison’s disease
C) Graves’ disease
D) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

b

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22
Q

Which drug is commonly used as an adrenal steroid inhibitor?
A) Hydrocortisone
B) Prednisone
C) Ketoconazole
D) Fludrocortisone

A

c

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23
Q

How do glucocorticoids differ in their effects?
A) By their route of administration
B) By their potency, duration of action, and effect on fluid balance
C) By their primary mechanism of action
D) By their interaction with neurotransmitters

A

b

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24
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory and immune responses.

A

t

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25
Q

t/f
The adrenal medulla primarily secretes corticosteroids.

A

f

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26
Q

t/f
Fludrocortisone is a glucocorticoid.

A

f

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27
Q

t/f
Adrenal drugs are exclusively synthetic; there are no natural forms available

A

f

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28
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids are commonly administered orally for the treatment of rhinitis.

A

f

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29
Q

SATA
Indications for the use of glucocorticoids include:
A) Adrenocortical deficiency
B) Allergic disorders
C) Bacterial meningitis
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

A

a,b,d

30
Q

SATA
Which of the following are forms of administration for adrenal drugs?
A) Topical
B) Systemic
C) Intramuscular
D) Ophthalmic

A

a.b.d

31
Q

SATA
Adrenal steroid inhibitors are used primarily in the treatment of:
A) Hypertension
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Adrenocortical deficiency
D) Cushing’s syndrome

A

c,d

32
Q

What is a contraindication for the use of glucocorticoids?
A) Hypertension
B) Gastritis
C) Osteoporosis
D) Anemia

A

b

33
Q

Which adverse effect is associated with glucocorticoids’ effects on the cardiovascular system?
A) Respiratory depression
B) Hypotension
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Bradycardia

A

c

34
Q

Which system is affected by glucocorticoids leading to growth suppression and menstrual irregularities?
A) Cardiovascular system
B) Endocrine system
C) Gastrointestinal system
D) Musculoskeletal system

A

b

35
Q

What is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids on the integumentary system?
A) Hair growth
B) Skin hyperpigmentation
C) Increased wound healing
D) Reduced risk of ecchymosis

A

b

36
Q

Which drug interaction with glucocorticoids can lead to severe hypocalcemia and hypokalemia?
A) Antidiabetic drugs
B) Non–potassium-sparing diuretics
C) Aspirin
D) Anticholinesterase medications

A

b

37
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids can exacerbate peptic ulcers.

A

t

38
Q

t/f
Prednisone is the most commonly used injectable glucocorticoid.

A

f

39
Q

t/f
Methylprednisolone is contraindicated during pregnancy.

A

t

40
Q

t/f
Solu-Cortef® and Solu-Medrol® are interchangeable drugs.

A

f

41
Q

t/f
Nursing implications for glucocorticoid administration include performing baseline physical assessments and obtaining laboratory studies.

A

t

42
Q

SATA
What are contraindications for the use of glucocorticoids?
A) Drug allergies
B) Cataracts
C) Tuberculous meningitis
D) Renal dysfunction

A

a,b,d

43
Q

SATA
Adverse effects associated with glucocorticoids include:
A) Cardiovascular effects
B) Endocrine effects
C) Ocular effects
D) Respiratory depression

A

a,b,c

44
Q

SATA
What are nursing implications for glucocorticoid administration?
A) Monitor for edema
B) Assess electrolyte imbalances
C) Perform baseline laboratory studies
D) Measure height

A

a,b,c

45
Q

What is the primary indication for the use of glucocorticoids in the presence of tuberculous meningitis?
A) Preventing gastrointestinal ulcers
B) Enhancing immune response
C) Preventing inflammatory central nervous system damage
D) Treating hypertension

A

c

46
Q

Which adverse effect is associated with glucocorticoids’ effects on the musculoskeletal system?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Acne
C) Weight gain
D) Skin hyperpigmentation

A

a

47
Q

What is a caution for the use of glucocorticoids in patients with mental health problems?
A) Increased risk of weight loss
B) Potential exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms
C) Reduced risk of mood swings
D) Enhanced cognitive function

A

b

48
Q

Which drug interaction with glucocorticoids can lead to an increased chance of gastric ulcer development?
A) Non–potassium-sparing diuretics
B) Anticholinesterase medications
C) Aspirin
D) Antidiabetic drugs

A

c

49
Q

What is a nursing implication regarding glucocorticoid administration?
A) Monitor for leukocytosis
B) Measure blood glucose levels
C) Assess for increased intraocular pressure
D) Evaluate liver function tests

A

b

50
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids may be used to prevent inflammatory damage in tuberculous meningitis.

A

t

51
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids have no effect on the musculoskeletal system.

A

f

52
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids can be safely used in patients with mental health problems.

A

f

53
Q

t/f
Glucocorticoids can interact with anticholinesterase medications, leading to weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis.

A

t

54
Q

t/f
Nursing implications for glucocorticoid administration include monitoring for leukocytosis.

A

t

55
Q

SATA
What are contraindications for the use of glucocorticoids?
A) Cataracts
B) Mental health problems
C) Reflux disease
D) Tuberculous meningitis

A

A,B,C

56
Q

SATA
Adverse effects associated with glucocorticoids include:
A) Cardiovascular effects
B) Gastrointestinal effects
C) Ocular effects
D) Renal effects

A

A,B,C

57
Q

SATA
What are nursing implications for glucocorticoid administration?
A) Monitor for electrolyte imbalances
B) Assess for edema
C) Perform baseline weight measurements
D) Evaluate liver function tests

A

a,b

58
Q

What should be assessed for in patients before administering adrenal drugs, especially concerning gastrointestinal health?
A) Serum glucose levels
B) Peptic ulcer disease
C) Serum potassium levels
D) Allergic reactions

A

b

59
Q

What aspect should nurses be particularly vigilant about regarding adrenal drugs?
A) Serum potassium levels
B) Drug allergies
C) Potential drug interactions
D) Manufacturer’s directions

A

c

60
Q

Which bodily parameters might be affected by adrenal drugs, leading to the need for monitoring?
A) Serum glucose and electrolyte levels
B) Blood pressure and heart rate
C) Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation
D) Liver enzyme levels

A

a

61
Q

How should oral forms of adrenal drugs be administered to minimize gastrointestinal upset?
A) With water on an empty stomach
B) With food or milk
C) Sublingually
D) Intravenously

A

b

62
Q

What precaution should be taken before administering a nasal corticosteroid?
A) Check blood pressure
B) Clear nasal passages
C) Check blood glucose levels
D) Assess respiratory rate

A

b

63
Q

t/f
Nasal corticosteroids should be given with a nasal dressing to enhance absorption.

A

f

64
Q

t/f
After using an orally inhaled corticosteroid, patients should rinse their mouth with lukewarm water to prevent oral fungal infections.

A

t

65
Q

t/f
Adrenal medications should be taken at any time of day, irrespective of meals.

A

f

66
Q

t/f
Patients should be advised to avoid contact with people with infections while taking corticosteroids.

A

t

67
Q

t/f
Sudden discontinuation of adrenal medications may lead to adrenal crisis.

A

t

68
Q

What should patients be taught regarding the administration of adrenal medications?
A) Take all medications at the same time every day
B) Take medications in the evening
C) Take medications with alcohol
D) Take medications with caffeine

A

a

69
Q

What substances should patients avoid taking with adrenal medications?
A) Alcohol
B) Caffeine
C) Aspirin
D) NSAIDs
E) All of the above

A

e

70
Q

SATA
What should nurses monitor for in patients taking adrenal medications?
A) Therapeutic responses
B) Serum glucose levels
C) Adverse effects
D) Blood pressure

A

a,c

71
Q
A

PHARM (20 decks)

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