Antiemetic & Antinausea Flashcards
Types of antiemetic & anti nausea drugs
-anticholinergic drugs
-antihistamines (histamin 1 receptor blockers)
-antidopaminergic
-neurokinin antagonist
-prokinetic
-serotonin blockers
-tetrahydrocannabinoids
Main anticholinergic drug
Scopolamine bromide
Site of action of scopolamine
Inner ear labyrinth
Main antihistamine drugs
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate & diphenhydramine indication
Motion sickness, nonproductive cough, allergy symptoms, sedation
Main antidopaminergic drugs
Prochlorperazine (Proclorazine)
Prochlorperazine indication
Psychotic disorders, intractable hiccups in chemotherapy
Main neurokinin receptor antagonist
Aprepitant (Emend)
Aprepitant indication
Inhibit acute & delayed phases of chemotherapy-induced emesis
Main prokinetic drugs
Metoclopramide (Metonia)
Metoclopramide indication
GI reflux, delayed GI emptying (stimulates peristalsis = enhance stomach emptying)
Adverse effect of metoclopramide form long term use
Irreversible tardive dyskinesia*
Main serotonin blocker
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Ondansetron indication
Nausea & emesis in chemotherapy and postop
Main drug for tetrahydrocannabinoids
Medical marihuana
Marihuana indication
nausea & emesis from chemotherapy and anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS
Doxylamine succinate & pyridoxine hydrochloride indication
morning sickness with pregnancy (Combination known as Diclectin)
Ginger indication
Nausea & emesis from chemotherapy, morning sickness, motion sickness
Ginger adverse effects
anorexia, nausea, emesis, skin reactions
Ginger interactions
Increased oral med absorption
Increased bleeding risk with anticoagulants
Patient education on alcohol use effects
May cause severe CNS depression
Patient education on main adverse effect of drugs & interventions
Drowsiness - warn about driving or performing hazardous tasks
Hypotensive effects: avoided by changing position slowly
When should antiemetics be given in chemotherapy
Given 30-60 min before chemotherapy begins
