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PGY-2 > Subspeciality Prep > Flashcards

Subspeciality Prep Flashcards

1
Q

T1DM Diagnosis (same as adults)

A

a1c 6.5
FBG 126
2h OGT 200
RBG 200 + classic symptoms

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2
Q

Microvascular T1DM complications

A

retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy

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3
Q

EUVOLEMIC Hypernatremia

A

Renal Losses: DI, Hypodipsia

Extra-Renal: Sweating, respiratory

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4
Q

HYPERVOLEMIC

Hypernatremia

A

Primary Aldosteronism
Cushing Syndrome
Salt Tablets/NaBicarb

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5
Q

HYPOVOLEMIC
Hypernatremia
w/ urine sodium less than 20

A

GI losses including diarrhea, NG secretions, fistula
Burns
Sweating

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6
Q

HYPOVOLEMIC
Hypernatremia
w/ urine Na more than 20

A

Osmotic Diuresis
Loop Diuretics
Intrinsic Renal Disease
Post-obstruction

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7
Q

Sodium- homeostasis basics

A

pumped OUT of cells, so in EXTRAcellular fluid

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8
Q

Hypertonicity plasma =

A

> 295 Osm

Stimulates receptors in hypothalamus and causes secretion of ADH

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9
Q

Central DI=

A

low ADH secretion by posterior pituitary

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10
Q

Nephrogenic DI=

A

tubules cannot respond to ADH

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11
Q

Urine in DI

A

low specific gravity and low osmolality

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12
Q

Plasma in DI

A

Normal/High

280-310

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13
Q

Normal Plasma Osm

A

250-290

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14
Q

Water Deprivation Test

A

-Withhold fluids
measure urine osm every hour
- no increase in urine osm
- can give desmopressin to assess if kidneys respond

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15
Q

Central DI Treatment

A

Desmopressin

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16
Q

Nephrogenic DI treatment

A

sodium restriction and thiazide diuretics (deplete body of sodium)

17
Q

Hypervolemic HYPOnatremia

A

Non renal: CHF, Ascites, Cirrhosis

Renal: ARF, NS, CRF

18
Q

Renin =

A

comes from juxtomegular cells of kidneys in response to decreased BP –> increase angiotensin

19
Q

How does aldosterone system get activated

A

dehydration, hyponatremia –> decrease in BV –> decrease in BP

20
Q

Angiotensinogen comes from

A

liver

21
Q

Factor ii def

A

Prothrombin def

Can be acquired due to liver disease

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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