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PGY-2 > Knowledge Plus Pearls > Flashcards

Knowledge Plus Pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Statins and LFT elevation

A

up to 3XN- continue

Stop if 5x or symptoms

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2
Q

Bell’s Palsy from PERIPHERAL lesion

A

upper AND lower face

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3
Q

Secondary Prevention of Stroke

A
  • statin

- evidence for Plavix is weak

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4
Q

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

A

obesity or insulin resistance

low HDL, high TGs

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5
Q

Glycemic Control in Criticially Ill ICU Patients

A

IV insulin preferred

goal 140-180

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6
Q

Inconclusive ABI testing next steps

A

borderline: after exercise

>1.4: toe-brachial index

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7
Q

Treatment of stable angina

A

ASA and one of the following:
BB
CCB
long acting nitrate

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8
Q

Organisms associated with post influenza bacterial pneumonia

A

strep pneumo

staph aureus

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9
Q

Ectopic Hormones associated with small cell lung cancer

A

ACTH (Cushings)

ADH (SIADH)

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10
Q

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Treatment

A 
Hydration
IV bisphosphonate (pamidronate)
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11
Q

Leser-Trelat Sign

A

diffuse seborrheic keratoses

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12
Q

Acanthosis Nigricans in adults

A

association with gastric cancer

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13
Q

Left sided varicoceles

A

can be renal cell carcinoma

due to left testicular vein draining into left renal vein

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14
Q

Warning signs for varicoceles

A

does not diminish in size when supine

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15
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis can be associated with..

A

vertebrobasilar strokes/symptoms

polymyalgia rheumatic symptoms

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16
Q

Medications that cause gout/hyperuricemia

A

loops/thiazides
niacin
aspirin

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17
Q

RA- other features besides arthritis

A

flexor tendonpathy

bilateral carpel tunnel

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18
Q

Eczema distributions

A

extensor in children

flexor in all age groups

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19
Q

Acute MI + decompensated HF, avoid…

A

BB, CCB

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20
Q

Clue Cells

A

BV

Bacteria on epithelial cells

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21
Q

Fracture risk requiring bisphosphante therapy

A

10 year risk of 20% or more

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22
Q

Calcium supplementation

A

1200mg / day - dietary +/- supplementation

Excessive associated with kidney stones and CV events

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23
Q

Vitamin D Supplementation Recommendations

A

600IU

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24
Q

Synthroid- do not take with

A

calcium, iron

impairs ingestion

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25
Q

Secondary HyperPTH

A

low/normalCa

Elevated PTH

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26
Q

Hematological AE of Vancomycin

A

thrombocytopenia 2/2 vanc dependent platelet-reactive antibodies

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27
Q

Chronic Cause of Mild Leukocytosis

A

cigarette smoking

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28
Q

Proteus- specific properties

A

makes urine more alkaline and prone to nephrolithiasis

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29
Q

Treatment of ITP in adults

A

corticosteroids first line

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30
Q

Trousseau Syndrome

A

chronic DIC in cancer patients

superficial venous thrombophlebitis

31
Q

Upper lobe emphysema in young adult, minimal tobacco use

A

idiopathic giant bullae emphysema

32
Q

Smoking Cessation Therapy

A

Dual therapy (gum+patch)
Bupropion
Varenicline

33
Q

How to treat transfusion associated circulatory overload

A

administer blood slowly

34
Q

Symptoms of massive PE

A

systolic BP <90

poor tissue perfusion

35
Q

Gastroenteritis timeline

A

w/in 24 hours- S aureus, Bacillus

24-48 hours- norovirus

36
Q

Duration/Perferred anticoagulation in cancer patients w/ acute PE or DVT

A

indefinitely

LMWH > warfarin

37
Q

Watery Diarrhea in elderly individuals, think

A

microscopic colitis

associations w/ ASA, PPI, ranitidine, SSri use, statins

38
Q

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

A

frequently acquired- alcohol, hep C
blistering skin lesions
elevated LFTs

39
Q

Treatment of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

A

phlebotomy

40
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome - pulmonary complications

A

chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease –> pulmonary HTN

41
Q

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension- Exam/Labs

A

reduced diffusion capacity

prominent second heart sounds

42
Q

Double Pseudomonal Coverage for PNA

A

pts with structural lung disease (like bronchiectasis, CF)

43
Q

hypotension in intubated COPD pt

A

Autopeep
inadequate expiratory time –> hyperinflation –> increases intrinsic peep
Disconnect pt from ventilator

44
Q

Cause of Tracheomalacia in adults

A

prolonged intubation

45
Q

What to consider as cause of unexplained hyperlipidemia

A

hypothyroidism

46
Q

Treatment of hirsuitism in PCOS

A

spirolactone

47
Q

bisphosphonates

A

alendronate - oral

zoledronic acid - IV

48
Q

Female Athlete Triad and Management

A

low energy (low BMI)
amenorrhea
BMD abnormalities —-> order DEXA

49
Q

How to Diagnosis PSC (testing)

A

MRCP (may not be able to diagnose from U/S and safer than ERCP initially)

50
Q

Population for HCC screening

A 
pts w/ cirrhosis
Male HBV Carriers of Asian descent >40y
Female HBV > 50 y
HBV carrier w/ family hx of HCC
North American Blacks/African w/ HBV infection
51
Q

HCC screening

A

twice yearly abdominal U/S

52
Q

Why do we not use ACEI + ARB

A

more likely to reduce proteinuria BUT worse clinical outcomes

53
Q

Oral Iron in CKD

A

transferrin sat less than 30% or ferritin less than 500

54
Q

Surgical Intervention for thoracic aortic aneurysms

A

greater than 5.5 cm OR more than 0.5cm in one year

55
Q

Duration of dual platelet therapy after stent

A

do not d/c for at least 1 mo after bare

6 months after drug eluting

56
Q

Malignant HTN- optic/optho exam

A

optic disc swelling

57
Q

Cr elevation after ACEI or ARB

A

renovascular HTN

58
Q

How to Prevent Contrast Injury in CKD patients

A

infusion of NS continuing several hours after

lower osmotic contrast agents

59
Q

AIN triad

A

fever, rash, eosinophilia

60
Q

Number for post-residual void that is abnormal

A

more than 100 mL

61
Q

PIGN and complement

A

low C3

low-normal C4

62
Q

BPH treatment- first line

A

alpha blockers –> tamulosin

reduce smooth muscle

63
Q

Proteinuria defined as

A

more than 150mg/day a

64
Q

analgesic nephropathy classic CT findings

A

papillary calcifications

65
Q

Nephrotic range proteinuria

A

more than 3.5g protein

66
Q

Test for Mastocytosis

A

elevated tryptase level

67
Q

Mastocytosis clinical features

A

urticarial pigmentosa, darier’s sign

anaphylaxis

68
Q

Budd-Chiari, what it is and most common cause

A

hepatic venous outflow obstruction

often due to myeloproliferative neoplasms with polycythemia vera being most common

69
Q

DVT prophylaxis for ortho surgeries

A

during hospitalizations and 6 weeks after when immobile

70
Q

Benign Ethnic Neutropenia

A

neutropenia w/o symptoms
due to Duffy antigen receptor gene
protection against malaria

71
Q

Cause of subacute meningoencephalitis with raised ICP

A

cryptococcous

immunosuppressed- steroids, DM, HIV

72
Q

Antibiotic coverage for S pneumonia meningitis

A

Vanc due to ceftriaxone resistant strains

Steroids improve course

73
Q

Candiduria treatment if asymptomatic

A

replace f/c

repeat UA

74
Q

Symptomatic Candicuria w/ catheter placement or immunosuppression

A

renal US or abd CT

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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