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PGY-2 > Medicine Basic Conditions/First AID > Flashcards

Medicine Basic Conditions/First AID Flashcards

1
Q

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

A
  • compression of SVC by tumor or thrombosis

- Facial edema, SOB, hoarseness, arm or neck swelling

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2
Q

Difference between SVC syndrome and RSHF

A

No lower extremity edema!

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3
Q

Mmneomic for tumors that metastasize to bone

A

BLT w/ Mayo, Mustard, Kosher Pickle
Breast, lung, thyroid
multiple myeloma
kidney (renal cell) and prostate

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4
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome electrolyte abnormalities

A

Hyperuricemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcium (due to phosphate binding)

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5
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome Treatment

A

NaBicarb Infusion
Allopurinol
Uricase

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6
Q

Neutropenic Fever in Adults

A

> 38.3C/101F

ANC <500

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7
Q

Most common type of lung cancer…

A

Non-small cell lung cancer

includes adeno-, squamous

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8
Q

PTHrp w/ what cancer

A

Squamous

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9
Q

Small Cell Lung Cancer - important point about therapy

A

resection not part of treatment

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10
Q

Thymoma Associations

A

myasthenia gravis

pure red cell aplasia

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11
Q

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma association

A

EBV

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12
Q

Courvoisier’s Sign

A

palpable gallbladder

pancreatic cancer

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13
Q

CA 19-9

A

monitoring of treatment for pancreatic cancer

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14
Q

AFP

A

screening for hepatocellular carcinoma

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15
Q

Testicular cancer age range

A

peak at 15-35

>60

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16
Q

Mmneomic for tumors that only metastasize to brain

A

lots of bad stuff kills glia

Lung, Breast, Skin (melanoma), Kidney (RCC), Gastrointestinal

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17
Q

Normal Plasma Osmolality=

A

250-290

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18
Q

Central DI Treatment

A

desmopressin (nasal, oral, injection)

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19
Q

Nephrogenic DI treatment

A

sodium restriction

thiazide diuretic

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20
Q

Tretinoin

A

use at night due to sun sensitivity

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21
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A

use during day since it can stain sheets, clothing

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22
Q

Bronchiectasis Differential

A 
CF, PCD
Ig Def
ABPA
Non-TB mycobacterium
Autoimmune
Post infectious
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23
Q

Cushing Disease Workup

A
  • overnight low dose dexamethasone test
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24
Q

ACTH level utility in Cushing Syndrome workup

A

low = adrenal tumor or hyperplasia

not malignancy or pituitary

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25
Adrenal Tumors, lab workup
high cortisol | low ACTH
26
Cushings laboratory abnormalities
metabolic alkalosis Hypokalemia leukocytosis
27
Pheochromocytoma - definition
``` usually located in adrenal medulla but can be extra-adrenal secreting catecholamines (Epi and Nori) ```
28
Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
urine metanephines, VMA, HMA if low pre-test | plasma metanephrines if high pre-test
29
Pheochromocytoma Treatment
alpha blockade (for HTN) prior to beta blockade (HR)
30
Pheochromocytoma Symptoms
HTN, HA, sweating, palpitations, anxiety/doom
31
Nephritis vs Nephortic Syndrome Pathophysiology
inflamm of glomeruli vs abnornmal glomerular permeability
32
CAP Treatment - Adult, outpatient
Macrolides or Doxy | 5-14d
33
CAP Treatment if morbidity or antibiotics w/in last 3 months
Fluoroquinolone | Macrolide + Beta Lactam
34
Cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma > hyperplasia > carcinoma
35
Primary hyperaldosteronism symptoms
Na retention, Hypokalemia, HTN, metabolic alkalosis
36
Diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism
plasma aldo : plasma renin >30
37
Addisions Disease lab abnormalities
hyperkalemia | hypoglycemia
38
Carcinoid Tumors
secrete serotonin | most often in appendix
39
Carcinoid Tumor Diagnosis
urine 5hiaa
40
Carcinoid Syndrome Symptoms
flushing, diarrhea, sweating, | hypotension, wheezing
41
Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
oxygen no evidence for steroids, but often used lung transplantation
42
ACS Free Wall Rupture
2 weeks after; fatal. Hemopericardium, tamponade, Intervention: pericardiocentesis
43
ACS Papillary Muscle Rupture
produces MR
44
Ventricular pseudoaneurysm
can lead to free wall rupture
45
Ventricular aneurysm
new onset HF after MI 3d-months death from ventricular arrhythmias
46
Dressler's Syndrome
fever, mailase, pericarditis, pleuritis | Treat with ASA (first line) or ibuprofen
47
Chronic Bronchitis
sputum + cough x 3 months for 2 years
48
Hydatid Liver Cysts
Echinoccoccus dog, sheep frmers resection + mebendzole
49
Amebic Liver Bascess
Entamoeba histolytica | IV flagyl
50
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
anti-mitochondrial antibodies
51
Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
1) CAD 2) Alcohol, thiamine def 3) hypo or hyper thryoidism
52
Electrical alternans
cardiac tamponade
53
SAH
ruptured berry/sacular aneurysm | thunderclap headache
54
SAH - diagnostic workup
non contrast CT | LP --> xanthochromia (yellow color of CSF from RBC lysis)
55
Miliary TB
widespread TB by hematogenous spread
56
Nephrolithiasis type of stones
calcium oxalate >> cal phos
57
Nephrolithasis symptoms
flank or abd pain +/- groin pain urinary frequency hematuria
58
Nephrolithasis treatment
increase fluid intake | thiazides or KCl (citrate is inhibitor of stone formation)
59
Plain Xry and nephrolithiasis
will only see radiopaque/calcium stones
60
Nephrolithiasis- stone size and passage
typically pass if less than 5mm
61
Nephrolithaisis- medical expulsive therapy (MET)
tamusolin | nifedipine
62
Valve associated with diastolic rumble
porcine mitral valve
63
Pericarditis pain
worse w/ supine | better w/ leaning forward
64
Lowering of BP in HTN emergency
no more than 20-25% in first hour | 160/100 over 4-6 hours
65
Medications for HTN emergency
nitroprusside | labetalol
66
Cor pulmonale
RV hypertrophy with eventual RV failure | due to pulm diseases
67
Angiodysplasia of Colon
dilated veins in submucosa of colon bleeding, often stops spontaneously association w/ aortic stenosis
68
Ogilvie's Syndrome
radiography evidence of large bowel obstruction but no mechanicl obstruction often recent surgical or medical illness
69
Level with clinical jaundice
greater than 2
70
Biliary Dyskinesia
motor dysfunction of sphincter of Oddi
71
Chronic Pancreatitis Diagnosis
CT is image of choice, ERCP gold standard | lab levels not elevated
72
Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
non cardiac chest pain corkscrew esophagus on barium swallow diagnose w/ esophageal manometry
73
Sweet Syndrome
acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis | fever, rash
74
FUO in Adults
temp of 38.3/101 multiple times in period over 3 weeks
75
IRIS can occur w/
HIV PCP TB
76
ADEM
acute disseminated encephalitis | usually 7-14d following resp illness
77
normal JVP
6-8 cm H20 (sternum is 5cm)
78
Diagnosis Criteria for DKA
BG >250 ph <7.3 bicarb <18 + serum or urine ketones
79
Potassium in DKA
intracellularly depleted
80
DKA - when to switch to dextrose fluids
Glucose 200 in DKA | 250-300 in HHS
81
Initial Insulin management in DKA
bolus of 0.1U/kg | then continuous
82
DKA - don't start insulin if K is below what
3.3
83
DKA: when to transition to subcutaneous insulin
``` tolerate PO DKA resolved (2 of 3) - AG <12 - Bicarb >15 - ph >7 ```
84
Differential for Headache-
migraine vs meningitis vs subdural venous thrombosis
85
Blood Pressure Treatment of Aortic Dissection and Aneurysms
Esmolol (beta-blocker first to prevent reflex tachy w/ nitroprusside) nitroprusside
86
Contraindications to succinylcholine in intubation/paralysis
hyperkalemia | disorders w/ intracellularly depleted K --> rhabdo, muscle disorders
87
Vitamin B12 and related labs
B12 defiency: increased methylmalonic acid and homocysteine | Folate defiency: increased homocysteine
88
Tumor Lysis Diagnosis
metabolic abnormalities and one of the following: acute renal failure cardiac arrhythmia seizure
89
Febrile Neutropenia in Adult
>101F or >100.4 x 1 hour | ANC <500 or anticipated decrease
90
Most Common Causes of SVC
non–small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, lymphoma, and metastatic lesions.
91
Treatment of SVC Syndrome
raise the head of the bed dexamethasone (4 mg every 6 hours), although benefit is unclear supplemental oxygen for dyspnea if airway compromise, call anesthesia and surgery placement of intravascular stent (can be done to relieve symptoms before tissue diagnosis is known)
92
SVC Syndrome evaluation/imaging
CXR, CT w/ contrast
93
Causes of Hypercalcemia in Malignancy
increase in osteoclastic bone resorption humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) — caused by systemic secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)–related protein (PTHrP) secretion of the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]) by some lymphomas ectopic secretion of authentic PTH (rare)
94
Malignant Spinal Cord Compression- Most common malignancies
prostate cancer lung breast
95
Spinal Cord Compression- Imaging
MRI!
96
Most Common Brain Mets
Lung, RCC, melanoma, colon
97
High reticulocyte count, THINK
hemolysis or acute blood loss
98
BCR-ABL1 fusion t(9,22)
CML
99
Acute GVHD
maculopapular rash, liver dysfunction, and/or diarrhea, because the main targets of the attack are the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
100
Chronic GVHD
ash or sclerodermatous skin changes; sicca syndrome; obliterative bronchiolitis; liver dysfunction, including cholestasis and bile duct degeneration; diarrhea or upper GI symptoms; and joint, muscle, or fascia tightnes
101
Single Solid Pulmonary Nodule 6-8mm
repeat CT in 6-12 months

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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