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PGY-2 > Medicine Basic Conditions/First AID > Flashcards

Medicine Basic Conditions/First AID Flashcards

1
Q

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

A
  • compression of SVC by tumor or thrombosis

- Facial edema, SOB, hoarseness, arm or neck swelling

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2
Q

Difference between SVC syndrome and RSHF

A

No lower extremity edema!

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3
Q

Mmneomic for tumors that metastasize to bone

A

BLT w/ Mayo, Mustard, Kosher Pickle
Breast, lung, thyroid
multiple myeloma
kidney (renal cell) and prostate

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4
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome electrolyte abnormalities

A

Hyperuricemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcium (due to phosphate binding)

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5
Q

Tumor Lysis Syndrome Treatment

A

NaBicarb Infusion
Allopurinol
Uricase

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6
Q

Neutropenic Fever in Adults

A

> 38.3C/101F

ANC <500

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7
Q

Most common type of lung cancer…

A

Non-small cell lung cancer

includes adeno-, squamous

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8
Q

PTHrp w/ what cancer

A

Squamous

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9
Q

Small Cell Lung Cancer - important point about therapy

A

resection not part of treatment

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10
Q

Thymoma Associations

A

myasthenia gravis

pure red cell aplasia

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11
Q

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma association

A

EBV

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12
Q

Courvoisier’s Sign

A

palpable gallbladder

pancreatic cancer

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13
Q

CA 19-9

A

monitoring of treatment for pancreatic cancer

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14
Q

AFP

A

screening for hepatocellular carcinoma

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15
Q

Testicular cancer age range

A

peak at 15-35

>60

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16
Q

Mmneomic for tumors that only metastasize to brain

A

lots of bad stuff kills glia

Lung, Breast, Skin (melanoma), Kidney (RCC), Gastrointestinal

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17
Q

Normal Plasma Osmolality=

A

250-290

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18
Q

Central DI Treatment

A

desmopressin (nasal, oral, injection)

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19
Q

Nephrogenic DI treatment

A

sodium restriction

thiazide diuretic

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20
Q

Tretinoin

A

use at night due to sun sensitivity

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21
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A

use during day since it can stain sheets, clothing

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22
Q

Bronchiectasis Differential

A 
CF, PCD
Ig Def
ABPA
Non-TB mycobacterium
Autoimmune
Post infectious
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23
Q

Cushing Disease Workup

A
  • overnight low dose dexamethasone test
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24
Q

ACTH level utility in Cushing Syndrome workup

A

low = adrenal tumor or hyperplasia

not malignancy or pituitary

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25
Q

Adrenal Tumors, lab workup

A

high cortisol

low ACTH

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26
Q

Cushings laboratory abnormalities

A

metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia
leukocytosis

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27
Q

Pheochromocytoma - definition

A 
usually located in adrenal medulla but can be extra-adrenal
secreting catecholamines (Epi and Nori)
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28
Q

Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma

A

urine metanephines, VMA, HMA if low pre-test

plasma metanephrines if high pre-test

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29
Q

Pheochromocytoma Treatment

A

alpha blockade (for HTN) prior to beta blockade (HR)

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30
Q

Pheochromocytoma Symptoms

A

HTN, HA, sweating, palpitations, anxiety/doom

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31
Q

Nephritis vs Nephortic Syndrome Pathophysiology

A

inflamm of glomeruli vs abnornmal glomerular permeability

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32
Q

CAP Treatment - Adult, outpatient

A

Macrolides or Doxy

5-14d

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33
Q

CAP Treatment if morbidity or antibiotics w/in last 3 months

A

Fluoroquinolone

Macrolide + Beta Lactam

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34
Q

Cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma > hyperplasia > carcinoma

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35
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism symptoms

A

Na retention, Hypokalemia, HTN, metabolic alkalosis

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36
Q

Diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism

A

plasma aldo : plasma renin >30

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37
Q

Addisions Disease lab abnormalities

A

hyperkalemia

hypoglycemia

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38
Q

Carcinoid Tumors

A

secrete serotonin

most often in appendix

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39
Q

Carcinoid Tumor Diagnosis

A

urine 5hiaa

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40
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome Symptoms

A

flushing, diarrhea, sweating,

hypotension, wheezing

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41
Q

Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

oxygen
no evidence for steroids, but often used
lung transplantation

42
Q

ACS Free Wall Rupture

A

2 weeks after; fatal.
Hemopericardium, tamponade,
Intervention: pericardiocentesis

43
Q

ACS Papillary Muscle Rupture

A

produces MR

44
Q

Ventricular pseudoaneurysm

A

can lead to free wall rupture

45
Q

Ventricular aneurysm

A

new onset HF after MI
3d-months
death from ventricular arrhythmias

46
Q

Dressler’s Syndrome

A

fever, mailase, pericarditis, pleuritis

Treat with ASA (first line) or ibuprofen

47
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

sputum + cough x 3 months for 2 years

48
Q

Hydatid Liver Cysts

A

Echinoccoccus
dog, sheep frmers
resection + mebendzole

49
Q

Amebic Liver Bascess

A

Entamoeba histolytica

IV flagyl

50
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

anti-mitochondrial antibodies

51
Q

Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

1) CAD
2) Alcohol, thiamine def
3) hypo or hyper thryoidism

52
Q

Electrical alternans

A

cardiac tamponade

53
Q

SAH

A

ruptured berry/sacular aneurysm

thunderclap headache

54
Q

SAH - diagnostic workup

A

non contrast CT

LP –> xanthochromia (yellow color of CSF from RBC lysis)

55
Q

Miliary TB

A

widespread TB by hematogenous spread

56
Q

Nephrolithiasis type of stones

A

calcium oxalate&raquo_space; cal phos

57
Q

Nephrolithasis symptoms

A

flank or abd pain +/- groin pain
urinary frequency
hematuria

58
Q

Nephrolithasis treatment

A

increase fluid intake

thiazides or KCl (citrate is inhibitor of stone formation)

59
Q

Plain Xry and nephrolithiasis

A

will only see radiopaque/calcium stones

60
Q

Nephrolithiasis- stone size and passage

A

typically pass if less than 5mm

61
Q

Nephrolithaisis- medical expulsive therapy (MET)

A

tamusolin

nifedipine

62
Q

Valve associated with diastolic rumble

A

porcine mitral valve

63
Q

Pericarditis pain

A

worse w/ supine

better w/ leaning forward

64
Q

Lowering of BP in HTN emergency

A

no more than 20-25% in first hour

160/100 over 4-6 hours

65
Q

Medications for HTN emergency

A

nitroprusside

labetalol

66
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

RV hypertrophy with eventual RV failure

due to pulm diseases

67
Q

Angiodysplasia of Colon

A

dilated veins in submucosa of colon
bleeding, often stops spontaneously
association w/ aortic stenosis

68
Q

Ogilvie’s Syndrome

A

radiography evidence of large bowel obstruction but no mechanicl obstruction
often recent surgical or medical illness

69
Q

Level with clinical jaundice

A

greater than 2

70
Q

Biliary Dyskinesia

A

motor dysfunction of sphincter of Oddi

71
Q

Chronic Pancreatitis Diagnosis

A

CT is image of choice, ERCP gold standard

lab levels not elevated

72
Q

Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

A

non cardiac chest pain
corkscrew esophagus on barium swallow
diagnose w/ esophageal manometry

73
Q

Sweet Syndrome

A

acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis

fever, rash

74
Q

FUO in Adults

A

temp of 38.3/101 multiple times in period over 3 weeks

75
Q

IRIS can occur w/

A

HIV
PCP
TB

76
Q

ADEM

A

acute disseminated encephalitis

usually 7-14d following resp illness

77
Q

normal JVP

A

6-8 cm H20 (sternum is 5cm)

78
Q

Diagnosis Criteria for DKA

A

BG >250
ph <7.3
bicarb <18
+ serum or urine ketones

79
Q

Potassium in DKA

A

intracellularly depleted

80
Q

DKA - when to switch to dextrose fluids

A

Glucose 200 in DKA

250-300 in HHS

81
Q

Initial Insulin management in DKA

A

bolus of 0.1U/kg

then continuous

82
Q

DKA - don’t start insulin if K is below what

A

3.3

83
Q

DKA: when to transition to subcutaneous insulin

A 
tolerate PO
DKA resolved (2 of 3)
- AG <12
- Bicarb >15
- ph >7
84
Q

Differential for Headache-

A

migraine vs meningitis vs subdural venous thrombosis

85
Q

Blood Pressure Treatment of Aortic Dissection and Aneurysms

A

Esmolol (beta-blocker first to prevent reflex tachy w/ nitroprusside)
nitroprusside

86
Q

Contraindications to succinylcholine in intubation/paralysis

A

hyperkalemia

disorders w/ intracellularly depleted K –> rhabdo, muscle disorders

87
Q

Vitamin B12 and related labs

A

B12 defiency: increased methylmalonic acid and homocysteine

Folate defiency: increased homocysteine

88
Q

Tumor Lysis Diagnosis

A

metabolic abnormalities and one of the following:
acute renal failure
cardiac arrhythmia
seizure

89
Q

Febrile Neutropenia in Adult

A

> 101F or >100.4 x 1 hour

ANC <500 or anticipated decrease

90
Q

Most Common Causes of SVC

A

non–small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, lymphoma, and metastatic lesions.

91
Q

Treatment of SVC Syndrome

A

raise the head of the bed
dexamethasone (4 mg every 6 hours), although benefit is unclear
supplemental oxygen for dyspnea
if airway compromise, call anesthesia and surgery
placement of intravascular stent (can be done to relieve symptoms before tissue diagnosis is known)

92
Q

SVC Syndrome evaluation/imaging

A

CXR, CT w/ contrast

93
Q

Causes of Hypercalcemia in Malignancy

A

increase in osteoclastic bone resorption
humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) — caused by systemic secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)–related protein (PTHrP)
secretion of the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]) by some lymphomas
ectopic secretion of authentic PTH (rare)

94
Q

Malignant Spinal Cord Compression- Most common malignancies

A

prostate cancer
lung
breast

95
Q

Spinal Cord Compression- Imaging

A

MRI!

96
Q

Most Common Brain Mets

A

Lung, RCC, melanoma, colon

97
Q

High reticulocyte count, THINK

A

hemolysis or acute blood loss

98
Q

BCR-ABL1 fusion t(9,22)

A

CML

99
Q

Acute GVHD

A

maculopapular rash, liver dysfunction, and/or diarrhea, because the main targets of the attack are the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

100
Q

Chronic GVHD

A

ash or sclerodermatous skin changes; sicca syndrome; obliterative bronchiolitis; liver dysfunction, including cholestasis and bile duct degeneration; diarrhea or upper GI symptoms; and joint, muscle, or fascia tightnes

101
Q

Single Solid Pulmonary Nodule 6-8mm

A

repeat CT in 6-12 months

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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