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PGY-2 > Prep Pearls > Flashcards

Prep Pearls Flashcards

1
Q

How to Treat Hypercyantoic spells in Tetraology of Fallot

A

knee-to-chest position first line (increasing SVR) - first line
oxygen
fluids

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2
Q

HIV testing in infants less than 18 months

A

positive antibodies from mom

viral load or DNA PCR

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3
Q

Influenza Prophylaxis in children

A

osteltamivir

zanamivir (bronchospasm as AE)

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4
Q

Reye Syndrome

A

aspirin use in children w/ viral infections

acute hepatitis and encephalopathy

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5
Q

methemoglobinemia

A

typically presents with cyanosis

nitrities cause oxidation to ferric state that bounds oxygen poorly

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6
Q

Jones Criteria- Major

A 
polyarthritis
carditis
chorea
subq nodules
erythema marginatum
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7
Q

Jones Criteria- minor

A 
arthralgia
prolonged PR 
fever
elevated acute phase reactants
history of rheumatic fever
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8
Q

Bacterial Tracheitis

A

upper airway obstruction
children w/ cough, stridor, resp distress
often complication of initial URI (esp influenza a)

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9
Q

Bacterial Tracheitis organisms

A

Staph aureus, Strep pneumo, Moraxella

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10
Q

Rett Syndrome

A

decline in head growth is earliest finding
lose of language at 1-2 years
hand wringing

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11
Q

Rett Syndrome inheritance

A

X-linked dominant

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12
Q

Reasone for elevated SVR in hypovolemic shock

A

elevated circulating catecholamines

diversion of blood away from skin, splachnic ciruclation

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13
Q

Complication of sports injury/bruise

A

acute hematologic osteomyelitis

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14
Q

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

A

elevated branched amino acids
presents at 12-48 hours of life
AR
organic acidemia

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15
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

A

disorder of platelet adhesion

normal platelet count!

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16
Q

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

A

disorder of platelet aggregation

normal platelet count!

17
Q

When do VSDs typically become symptomatic/present

A

4 weeks of age when pulmonary vascular resistance decreases

increased flow L –> R = pulm edema

18
Q

Free Water Deficit Formula

A

0.6 x weight (in kilograms) ([serum sodium/140] – 1)

19
Q

Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspiration in pediatrics

A 
laryngotracheal separation (LTS) 
trach required, no longer able to phonate
20
Q

Growth chart w/ increasing weight but decreasing height

A

corticosteroids!

21
Q

Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome

A

apophysitis involving the inferior pole of the patella

insidious onset of lower inferior pole of patella

22
Q

Recurrent Otitis Media

A

3 episodes in 6 months

4 episodes in 1 year

23
Q

When to use Augmentin for AOM

A

if treated w/ amox in last 30 days

24
Q

Common Cause of SCD

A

1) HCM

2) anomalous coronary artery

25
Q

incontinentia pigmenti

A

X-linked, primarily in females
Vesicles are present at birth or within the first 6 to 8 weeks; linear arrangement
Hyperpigmented –> hypopigmented

26
Q

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome

A

exanethem associated with lymphadenopathy and hepatitis

Association with EBV > hep B

27
Q

Peds Recurrent Pneumonia

A

2 in a year or 3 in lifetime with radiological evidence of clearance

28
Q

Rash associated with Parvovirus

A

petechial papulopurpuric gloves and socks syndrome

viral illness followed by rash restricted to extremities

29
Q

How to prevent food allergies in infants

A

breastfeeding or hydrolyzed formula until 4 months of age

30
Q

two components of a functional clot

A

fibrin + platelets

31
Q

Pediatric Patients to check vitamin D in

A

children on anti-convulsants (annually)

32
Q

Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: prognosis can be predicted by

A

steroid response

33
Q

Pancreatic insuffiency test

A

fecal elastase

34
Q

syncopal convulsion

A

occurs AFTER losing consciousness

not at the same time as w/ GTC seizures

35
Q

AAP answer on flu treatment

A

less than two years
complex medical conditions
give even if more than 48h out

36
Q

How long can ear tubes stay in place

A

only 3 years, then need to be surgically removed

37
Q

Why do CVA events occur in congential heart disease kids?

A

polycythemia

38
Q

neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

A

when infant has thrombocytosis by NOT mom

maternal antibody to antigen on neonates and dad’s platelets

39
Q

hypocalcemia symptoms in infants

A

jitteriness, muscle spasms

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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