Prep Pearls Flashcards
How to Treat Hypercyantoic spells in Tetraology of Fallot
knee-to-chest position first line (increasing SVR) - first line
oxygen
fluids
HIV testing in infants less than 18 months
positive antibodies from mom
viral load or DNA PCR
Influenza Prophylaxis in children
osteltamivir
zanamivir (bronchospasm as AE)
Reye Syndrome
aspirin use in children w/ viral infections
acute hepatitis and encephalopathy
methemoglobinemia
typically presents with cyanosis
nitrities cause oxidation to ferric state that bounds oxygen poorly
Jones Criteria- Major
polyarthritis carditis chorea subq nodules erythema marginatum
Jones Criteria- minor
arthralgia prolonged PR fever elevated acute phase reactants history of rheumatic fever
Bacterial Tracheitis
upper airway obstruction
children w/ cough, stridor, resp distress
often complication of initial URI (esp influenza a)
Bacterial Tracheitis organisms
Staph aureus, Strep pneumo, Moraxella
Rett Syndrome
decline in head growth is earliest finding
lose of language at 1-2 years
hand wringing
Rett Syndrome inheritance
X-linked dominant
Reasone for elevated SVR in hypovolemic shock
elevated circulating catecholamines
diversion of blood away from skin, splachnic ciruclation
Complication of sports injury/bruise
acute hematologic osteomyelitis
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
elevated branched amino acids
presents at 12-48 hours of life
AR
organic acidemia
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
disorder of platelet adhesion
normal platelet count!
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
disorder of platelet aggregation
normal platelet count!
When do VSDs typically become symptomatic/present
4 weeks of age when pulmonary vascular resistance decreases
increased flow L –> R = pulm edema
Free Water Deficit Formula
0.6 x weight (in kilograms) ([serum sodium/140] – 1)
Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspiration in pediatrics
laryngotracheal separation (LTS) trach required, no longer able to phonate
Growth chart w/ increasing weight but decreasing height
corticosteroids!
Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome
apophysitis involving the inferior pole of the patella
insidious onset of lower inferior pole of patella
Recurrent Otitis Media
3 episodes in 6 months
4 episodes in 1 year
When to use Augmentin for AOM
if treated w/ amox in last 30 days
Common Cause of SCD
1) HCM
2) anomalous coronary artery
incontinentia pigmenti
X-linked, primarily in females
Vesicles are present at birth or within the first 6 to 8 weeks; linear arrangement
Hyperpigmented –> hypopigmented
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome
exanethem associated with lymphadenopathy and hepatitis
Association with EBV > hep B
Peds Recurrent Pneumonia
2 in a year or 3 in lifetime with radiological evidence of clearance
Rash associated with Parvovirus
petechial papulopurpuric gloves and socks syndrome
viral illness followed by rash restricted to extremities
How to prevent food allergies in infants
breastfeeding or hydrolyzed formula until 4 months of age
two components of a functional clot
fibrin + platelets
Pediatric Patients to check vitamin D in
children on anti-convulsants (annually)
Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: prognosis can be predicted by
steroid response
Pancreatic insuffiency test
fecal elastase
syncopal convulsion
occurs AFTER losing consciousness
not at the same time as w/ GTC seizures
AAP answer on flu treatment
less than two years
complex medical conditions
give even if more than 48h out
How long can ear tubes stay in place
only 3 years, then need to be surgically removed
Why do CVA events occur in congential heart disease kids?
polycythemia
neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
when infant has thrombocytosis by NOT mom
maternal antibody to antigen on neonates and dad’s platelets
hypocalcemia symptoms in infants
jitteriness, muscle spasms
