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PGY-2 > Cards > Flashcards

Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Murmurs I / II

A

I- faint, not heard in all positions

II- soft, heard in all positions

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2
Q

Murmurs III / IV

A

III - loud, no thrill

IV - palpable thrill

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3
Q

Murmurs V / VI

A

V - heard with stethoscope partially off chest

VI - heart w/ stethoscope completely off chest

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4
Q

Bevacizumab AE

A

VEGF inhibitor

causes HTN

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5
Q

Antibiotics for SBE prophylaxis

A

amox 1 hour prior to procedure

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6
Q

ASDs - different types

A

secundum ASDs
primum ASDs
sinuous venous

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7
Q

ASDs- when do you typically close

A

ages 3-4

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8
Q

VSD- types

A

perimembranous most common

arterial, muscular, inlet

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9
Q

Size of VSDs

A

related to AV area

small is 1/3, moderate 1/3 to 2/3, large is >2/3

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10
Q

AVSD - associated features/symptoms

A

primum ASD

inlet type of VSD

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11
Q

MVP associated with..

A

hyperthyroidism

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12
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries - Presentation

A

Usually no murmur

cyanosis in first 12h after birth, can be prolonged by VSD

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13
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries - Where does blood mix

A

ASD or PFO

VSD

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14
Q

Premature CAD

A

less than 55 in males

less than 65 in females

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15
Q

Truncus Arteriosus- primary issue

A

truncus doesn’t divide into aorta and main pulm a

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16
Q

Truncus Arteriosus- murmur

A

systolic murmur at LSB (VSD)

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17
Q

Partial APVD

A

at least one pulmonary vein returns to LA

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18
Q

Total APVD

A

no pulmonary veins return to LA

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19
Q

Systolic HF- Treatment

A

ACEI or ARB
loop diuretic
BB

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20
Q

ARB+neprilysin inhibitor (valsartan-sacubitril)

A

Replace ACEI or ARB with ARNI in patients with chronic symptomatic HFrEF who tolerate ACEI and ARB therapy

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21
Q

HF and aldosterone antagonists

A

a. Reduce mortality and HF hospitalizations in patients with symptomatic HF (NYHA II-IV) and HF after acute MI

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22
Q

Isosorbide Dinitrate-Hydralazine

A

Use in those intolerant to ACEI or ARB (like CKD)

Use in combination with therapy in African Americans

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23
Q

CCB and Heart Failure

A

Nondihydropyridine CCB, verapamil and dilt have detrimental effects in patients with SHF due to negative inotropic effects

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24
Q

Diastolic HF Therapy

A

SBP less than 130

?Maybe spirolactolone

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25
Q

Turner Syndrome associated cardiac etiology

A

bicuspid aortic valve

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26
Q

Hepatic Vein

A

deoxygenated blood from liver to IVC

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27
Q

Portal Vein

A

blood from GI tract to liver (has nutrients and toxins)

28
Q

Systole

A

heart contracts

blood from ventricles to aorta and pulmonary artery

29
Q

Diastole

A

heart relaxes

blood from atria to ventricles

30
Q

S1

A

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

31
Q

S2

A

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves

aortic closes before pulmonary normally

32
Q

S3

A

early diastole
rapid filling of ventricles (dilated or decreased compliance)
VSD, CHF

33
Q

S4

A

late diastole

decreased ventricle compliance

34
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- genetics

A

AD

myosin, troponin

35
Q

Cardiac Syndrome X

A

angina and stress test abnormalities in absence of coronary artery abnormalities

36
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

A

> 5.5 cm or growth of more than 0.5cm/year

37
Q

Right Bundle Branch Block

A

rSR’ in V1

qRs in V6 (slurred R wave)

38
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

diastolic dysfunction

39
Q

Therapy after MI

A

Aspirin, ACEI, BB, Statin, P2Y12 Inhibitor

40
Q

Beta blockers MOA

A

reduce myocardial oxygen demand

41
Q

Right Ventricular Infarction

A

ST elevated in right sided leads
hypotension, elevated JVP
avoid nitrates

42
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

high preload
LOW CO
high SVR
high PCWP

43
Q

alpha one

A

vasoconstrict

44
Q

beta one

A

myocardium

inotropy, chronotropy

45
Q

beta two

A

blood vessels

vasodilation

46
Q

dobutamine

A

B1 and B2
increase inotropy, chronotropy
vasodilation and afterload reduce

47
Q

dopamine

A

d1 –> b1 –> a1

48
Q

norepinephrine

49
Q

phenylepinephrine

50
Q

epinephrine

A

b1 –> a1

51
Q

milirinone

A

PD3 inhibitor
inotropy, profound systemic and pulmonary vasodilation
use if PAH/RHF

52
Q

E/e’ ratio

A

greater than or equal to 15 in DHF

53
Q

Hydralazine + CAD/Angina

A

increases arterial vasoconstriction –> worsening chest pain

use in combination with nitrate

54
Q

ST changes

A

has to be in 2 continguous leads
greater than 1mm for limb leads
greater than 2mm for chest leads

55
Q

Anterior MI- leads and vessel

56
Q

Lateral MI- leads and vessel

A

I, avL, V5-V6

left circumflex

57
Q

Septal MI- leads and vessel

A

VI, V2

LAD

58
Q

Inferior MI- leads and vessel

A

II, III, avf

RCA > LCX

59
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

hypotension
pulsus paradoxus
elevated JVP

60
Q

MVO2

A

myocardial volume oxygen consumption

61
Q

Austin Flint Murmur

A

aortic regurg
diastolic rumble at apex
regurgitant aortic jet directed toward anterior leaflet of mitral valve causing premature closure

62
Q

Aortic Sclerosis Murmur

A

early systolic murmur @ RSB

63
Q

What should be done before cardioversion

A
  • anticoagulation

- TEE to exclude intracardiac thrombus

64
Q

Inferoposterior MI

A

ST depression V1-V3

tall R in V2 and V3

65
Q

Murmur that increases with Valsalva (decreased preload)

66
Q

Murmur that decreases with Valsalva (decreased preload)

A

aortic or pulmonary stenosis

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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