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Z - BioSci 1223 (S&T) > Stuff that is definitely going to be on the final > Flashcards

Stuff that is definitely going to be on the final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the closest living relative to animals?

A

Choanoflagellates

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2
Q

Which groups of animals are coelomates?

A

everything except roundworms, rotifers, and flatworms

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3
Q

Which groups of animals are acoelomates?

A

flatworms

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4
Q

Which groups of animals are pseudocoelomates?

A

roundworms and rotifers

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5
Q

Distinguish among the cleavage, coelom formation, and fate of blastopore for protostomes and deuterostomes.

A

Protostome
Spiral and determinate
Solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom
Mouth develops from blastopore

Deuterostome
Radial and indeterminate
Folds of archenteron form coelom
Anus develops from blastopore

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6
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for sponges.

A

asymmetrical, spongocoel for gut, cellular organization

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7
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for cnidarians.

A

radial symmetry, incomplete gut, tissue level of organization (diploblastic)

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8
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for flatworms.

A

bilateral, incomplete, acoelomates, organ system

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9
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for rotifers.

A

bilateral, complete gut, pseudo, organ system

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10
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for annelids

A

bilateral, complete, coe, organ system

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11
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for molluscs

A

kind bilateral?, complete, coe, organ system

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12
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for roundworms

A

bilateral, complete, psuedo, organ system

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13
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for arthropods

A

bilateral, complete, coe, organ system

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14
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for echnidoderms

A

radial (larvae are bilateral), complete, coe, organ system

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15
Q

Describe the body organization (symmetry, gut, coelom) and level of organization for chordates

A

bilateral, complete, coe, organ system

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16
Q

Define spongocoel

A

central cavity of sponges

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17
Q

Define osculum

A

large opening where food exits in sponges (not operculum)

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18
Q

Define choanocytes

A

flagellated collar cells that make water currents and ingest food in sponges

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19
Q

Define mesohyl

A

gelatinous noncellular layer between two cell layers in sponges

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20
Q

Define amoebocytes

A

found in mesoyl, move around and phagasitize food in sponges

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21
Q

Define gastrovascular cavity

A

central digestive compartment of cnidarians, also a general term for guts that only have one opening

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22
Q

Define cnidocytes

A

cells that function in defense and capture of prey in cnidarians

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23
Q

Define nematocysts

A

speciallized organelles within cnidocytes that eject a sting thread, in cnidarians

24
Q

What was the first group to form three cell layers?

A

Flatworms

25
Q

Define protonephridia

A

organs that regulate the osmotic balance in flatworms

26
Q

Describe the life cycle of schistosoma

A

releases ciliated larva through the urine or feces, reproduces asexually in its snails, leaves as a motile larva, and burrows into the skin of a human and travels to the blood vessels of the large intestine, small intestine, or bladder

27
Q

Describe swimmer’s itch

A

caused by a fish-eating-bird fluke that burrows into humans, but is repelled

28
Q

What is special about the reproduction of rotifers?

A

by parthenogenesis, some species don’t even have any males

29
Q

What are the three parts of the mollusca body plan?

A

Have foot, visceral mass, and mantle

30
Q

Describe the reproduction of mussels native to MO

A

Fertilization occurs within female
Trochophore larvae matures to veliger, a specialized kind of which (a glochidium) are released on to fish gills or fins (after luring with fake fish)
Develop there for days to weeks, then metamorphose into juveniles and fall to stream bottom

31
Q

Give some causes for the endangerment of the MO mussles

A 
Button industry
Habitat loss and fragmentation
Dams and channelization
Pollution and sedimentation
Non-native species -> zebra mussel, Asiatic clam
Loss of symbiotic fish species
32
Q

What kind of circulatory system and muscle type do annelids have?

A

Complete and both circular and longitudinal

33
Q

Give some examples of the use of leeches in medicine

A

Remove pooled blood
Help with reattached appendages
Help with reconstructive surgery

34
Q

What kind of circulatory system and muscle type do nematodes have?

A

lack circulatory systems, only longitudinal

35
Q

Describe trichinella spiralis, hookworm, pinworms, horsetail worms, and heartworms

A

Trichinella spiralis can be caught through undercooked pork
Hookworm larvae leave dirt and enter feet
Pinworms are transferred through contact, cause itching around anus
Horsetail worms cause the insects they infect to head to sources of water
Heartworms are transmitted by mosquitoes and treated by arsenic

36
Q

What kind of circulatory system do arthropods have?

A

open

37
Q

Define chelicerae

A

clawlike feeding appendages of the chelicerata clade (spiders and horseshoe crabs)

38
Q

What is the difference between millipedes and centipedes?

A

Millipedes- eat decaying leaves and plant matter, two pairs of legs per truck segment
Centipedes- carnivores, one pair of legs per truck segment, poison claws

39
Q

Give some examples about why insects are so numerous and successful

A

Flight allows them to escape predators, find food, and disperse to new habitats
Evolved many types of appendages
Coevolved with flowering plants

40
Q

What is the covering of echinioderms made out of? What about arthropods?

A

CaCO3, chitin

41
Q

Define water-vascular system

A

network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding in echinoderms

42
Q

What clade only resembles chordates during their larval stage?

A

Urochordata, tunicates

43
Q

What are the four derived traits of chordates?

A

Notochord-
Longitudinal, flexible rod that provides skeletal support
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord-
Develops into the central nervous system
Pharyngeal slits or clefts-
Clefts develop into slits that function in suspension-feeding, gas exchange, or parts of the ear/head/neck
Muscular, post-anal tail

44
Q

Describe the osteichyan clade

A

Clade of gnathostomes with a body endoskeleton, include bony fish and tetrapods

45
Q

Describe the cyclostome and gnathostome clade

A

Hagfishes and lampreys are living jawless vertebrates, cyclostomes
Vertebrates with jaws are the gnathostomes

46
Q

Describe the life cycle and methods to defend against lampreys

A

Reproduce in streams, larvae burrow in the floor, migrate towards lakes and enter parasitic stage
TFM in streams to attack larvae in streams, bailicide in the larger streams, sterilize male lampreys, barriers with direct currents, synthetic pheromones

47
Q

Define oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous

A

Oviparous: Eggs hatch outside of mother’s body
Ovoviviparous: Embryo develops in uterus, nourished by egg yolk
Viviparous: Embryo develops in uterus, nourished by yolk sac placenta from the mother’s blood

48
Q

Name the three derived traits of vertebrates

A

Vertebral column, skull, fin rays

49
Q

What are the two advantages of backbones?

A

finding food and evading predators

50
Q

Describe Tiktaalik’s fish and tetrapod traits

A 
Fins, gills, lungs, and scales
Ribs to breathe air and support its body
A neck and shoulders
Fins with the bone pattern of a tetrapod limb
Flat head with eyes on top
51
Q

Describe the four features of the anmiotic egg (amnion, chorion, yolk sac, allantois)

A

Amnion: protection
Chorion: gas exchange, evolves into placenta
Yolk Sac: nutrients
Allantois: waste and gas exchange

52
Q

Give some reasons for the sea turtle decline

A

Pollution from plastics, fishing (hooks and bycatch), hunting and harvesting of adults and eggs, light pollution, beach development (loss of habitat), global warming and gender determination

53
Q

Name the five venomous snakes of MO

A 
Eastern Copperhead
Northern Cottonmouth
Prairie Massasauga
Timber Rattlesnake
Western Pygmy Rattlesnake
54
Q

How do tuataras differ from lizards? Where are they found? How are they threatened?

A

They differ from lizards in that they have no external ears, they enjoy cooler weather, they are nocturnal, and they have a third eye
Small islands off the coast of New Zealand
Threatened by introduced rats that eat their eggs

55
Q

Describe the bird and dinosaur traits of archaeopteryx

A

Had a long tail with many vertebrae, toothed beak, and wing claws, but also had an airfoil wing with contour feathers and an S-shaped neck

56
Q

How did mammals evolve from early synapsids?

A

two bones that made up the jaw joint were incorporated into the mammalian middle ear (incus and malleus)

Z - BioSci 1223 (S&T) (16 decks)

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