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Z - BioSci 1223 (S&T) > Chapter 31, Fungi > Flashcards

Chapter 31, Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

How do fungi get their energy?

A

They are heterotrophs that gain energy by using enzymes to absorb energy from outside their bodies

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2
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

Chitin

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3
Q

What was the ancestor of fungi?

A

An aquatic, single-celled, flagellated protist

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4
Q

What are fungi’s closest relative?

A

Nucleariids

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5
Q

What is the closest relative of animals?

A

Choanoflagellates

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6
Q

What can we infer from the closest relatives of fungi and animals?

A

Multicellularity arose twice

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7
Q

Define yeasts

A

single cells of fungus, reproduce asexually by fission/budding

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8
Q

Define hyphae

A

filaments that make up the major part of fungus

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9
Q

Define mycelia

A

networks of branched hyphae adapted for absorption

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10
Q

Define coenocytic fungi

A

their hyphae lack septa and they have a continuous cytoplasmic mass with many nuclei

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11
Q

Define haustoria

A

specialized hyphae used to penetrate a host’s tissues

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12
Q

Define mycorrhizae

A

mutualistic relationships between fungi (give water and nitrate) and plant roots (nutrients and place to spread)

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13
Q

Define ectomycorrhizal fungi

A

hyphae are over the root and in the extracellular spaces

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14
Q

Define arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

A

hyphae are in the cells walls and in the extracellular spaces

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15
Q

Define mold

A

a fungi that produces haploid spores by mitosis and forms visible mycelia

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16
Q

Define sym genes

A

genes that are involved in mycorrhizal formation, present in the common ancestor to land plants

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17
Q

Describe fruticose lichen

A

shrublike

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18
Q

Describe foliose lichen

A

leaflike

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19
Q

Describe crustose lichen

A

encrusting lichen

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20
Q

Describe the general asexual life cycle of fungi

A

Mycelium-> spore producing structures-> spores-> germination-> mycelium

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21
Q

Describe the general sexual life cycle of fungi

A

Mycelium-> plasmogamy-> heterokaryotic stage-> karyogamy (2n)-> meiosis-> spore producing structures-> germination-> mycelium

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22
Q

Pair the condition (good/bad) with the reproductive style (sexual/asexual)

A

Good is asexual, bad is sexual

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23
Q

Describe plasmogamy

A

the cytoplasmic fusion of two different mating types

24
Q

Describe the heterokaryotic stage. What does heterokaryon mean?

A

The stage between the fusion of the cytoplasm and the fusion of the nuclei. When two haploid nuclei of different types coexist in the mycelium.

25
Q

What does the term dikaryotic mean?

A

during the heterokaryotic stage, nuclei pair off two to a cell

26
Q

Describe karyogamy

A

fusion of nuclei

27
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: early divergers

28
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: “cup” or “sac” fungi

A

ascomycetes

29
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: “club” fungi

A

basidiomycetes

30
Q

What is the defining characteristic of chytrids?

A

Flagellated spores called zoospores

31
Q

What is the defining characteristic of zygomycetes?

A

their site of karyogamy/meiosis is their zygosporangia

32
Q

What is the defining characteristic of glomeromycetes?

A

they form arbuscular mycorrhizae

33
Q

What is the defining characteristic of ascomycetes?

A

produce ascospores in asci contained in the fruiting body called an ascocarp

34
Q

What is the defining characteristic of basidiomycetes?

A

their basidiocarp has many club-like basidium/basidia that produce basidiospores

35
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: asexual spores are called conidia and are produced in conidiophores

A

ascomycetes

36
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: their heterokaryotic stage can resist dry and cold conditions

A

zygomycetes

37
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: (morchella esculenta) morels

A

Ascomycetes

38
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: neurospora crassa

A

Ascomycetes

39
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: rhizopus stolonifer (bread mold)

A

Zygomycetes

40
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: fungi that live in the gut of grazing animals

41
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: fairy rings

A

Basidiomycetes

42
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: lichen fungi

A

Ascomycetes

43
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: puffballs

A

Basidiomycetes

44
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: ergot

A

Ascomycetes

45
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: pilobolus

A

Zygomycetes

46
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

47
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: shelf fungi

A

Basidiomycetes

48
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: maiden veil fungus

A

Basidiomycetes

49
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: (tuber melanosporum) truffles

A

Ascomycetes

50
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: rozella

51
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: penicilium

A

ascomycetes

52
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: endophytes

A

basidiomycetes

53
Q

Give some examples of the ecological or human significance of fungi

A

decomposers, mycorrhizal fungi, endophytes, fungi in the gut of grazing animals, leafcutter ants, lichens, parasites of crops and animals (including us), eating, antibiotics, genetic research

54
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: rusts

A

basidomycetes

55
Q

Give the group: common (Fungi) mushroom

A

basidomycetes

56
Q

(Fungi) Give the group: yeasts

A

ascomycetes

57
Q

Define lichen

A

a fungi that has formed a symbiotic relationship with either a cyanobacteria, an algae, or both

Z - BioSci 1223 (S&T) (16 decks)

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