Chordates Flashcards
Which group(s) has a blade-like shape?
Cephalochordata, Lancelets
Which group(s) functions as marine suspension feeders that retain characteristics of the chordata body plan as adults?
Cephalochordata, Lancelets
Which group(s) do Lancelets belong to?
Cephalochordata
Which group(s) only resemble chordates during larval stage?
Urochordata, Tunicates
Which group(s), as an adult, draws in water through an incurrent siphon, filtering for food?
Urochordata, Tunicates
Which group(s), when attacked, shoots water through an excurrent siphon?
Urochordata, Tunicates
Which group(s) has fewer Hox genes than other vertebrates?
Urochordata, Tunicates
Which group do Tunicates belong to?
Urochordata
Which group(s) are jawless vertebrates?
Myxini/Hagfishes, Petromyzontida/Lamprey
Which group(s) has a cartilaginous skull, reduced vertebrae, and a flexible rod of cartilage derived from the notochord?
Myxini, Hagfishes
Which group(s) has a small brain, eyes, ears, and tooth-like formations?
Myxini, Hagfishes
Which group(s) are marine, mostly bottom-dwelling scavengers?
Myxini, Hagfishes
Which group do Hagfishes belong to?
Myxini
Which group(s) are mostly parasites that feed by clamping their mouth on a live fish?
Petromyzontida, Lamprey
Which group(s) have cartilaginous segments surrounding the notochord and arching partly over the nerve cord?
Petromyzontidam, Lamprey
Which group does the Lamprey belong to?
Petromyzontida
Which group(s) has a skeleton primarily composed of cartilage?
Chondrichthyes
Which group has Sharks, Skates, and Rays?
Chondrichthyes
Which group has Ratfishes and Chimeras?
Chondrichthyes
Which group(s) has fins supported by long flexible rays and are modified for maneuvering, defense, and other functions?
Actinopterygii, Ray-Finned
Which group has Ray-finned fish?
Antinopterygii
Which group has Yellowfin tuna, lion fish, seahorse, moray eel, pollock, and hoki?
Actinopterygii
Which group was thought to have gone extinct 75 million years ago, until one was caught off the coast of South Africa?
Actinistia, Coelacanths
Which group has Coelacanths?
Actinistia
Which group(s) can surface to gulp air into lungs?
Dipnoi, Lungfish
Which group has the Lungfish?
Dipnoi
What is the body plan of Chordates and are they deuterostomes or proterostomes?
Bilateral, Deuterostomes
What are the four derived traits of Chordates?
Notochord;
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord;
Pharyngeal slits or clefts;
Muscular, post-anal tail
What is a Notochord?
Longitudinal, flexible rod that provides skeletal support
What does the Dorsal, hollow nerve cord develop into in some chordates?
the central nervous system
What are Pharyngeal slits or clefts?
Clefts develop into slits that function in suspension-feeding, gas exchange, or form parts of the ear/head/neck
What are the two groups of invertebrate chordates?
Cephalochordates and Urochordates
Lancelets and tunicates
What is the clade of gnathostomes with a body endoskeleton, includes bony fish and tetrapods
Osteichtyans
What clade includes both Hagfishes and Lampreys?
Cyclostomes
What clade describes vertebrates with jaws?
Gnathostomes
What is special about fish? (innovations and special organs)
Jaws evolved from modification of skeletal rods that supported the gill slits
Lateral line system sensitive to vibrations
Operculum protects the gills
Swim bladder is filled with air to control buoyancy
What are some human uses of hagfish?
Meat used in Korea
Skin used for eelskin products
Possible medical use in surgery
Describe the reproduction of sea lampreys and some current methods to fight them.
Reproduce in streams, larvae burrow in the floor, migrate towards lakes and enter parasitic stage
TFM in streams to attack larvae in streams, bailicide in the larger streams, sterilize male lampreys, barriers with direct current electricity, synthetic pheromones
What is special about sharks? Include the terms spiral valve and cloaca.
Streamlined body, swift swimmers, largest are suspension feeders, most are carnivores, short digestive tract with a spiral valve, acute senses including sight and smell, have the ability to detect electrical fields from nearby animals,
Reproductive tract, excretory system, and digestive tract empty into a common cloaca
Describe the three methods of shark reproduction.
Oviparous: Eggs hatch outside of mother’s body (egg birth)
Ovoviviparous: Embryo develops in uterus, nourished by egg yolk (egg, live birth)
Viviparous: Embryo develops in uterus, nourished by yolk sac placenta from the mother’s blood (Humans, live birth w/o egg)
