Chordates Flashcards

1
Q

Which group(s) has a blade-like shape?

A

Cephalochordata, Lancelets

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2
Q

Which group(s) functions as marine suspension feeders that retain characteristics of the chordata body plan as adults?

A

Cephalochordata, Lancelets

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3
Q

Which group(s) do Lancelets belong to?

A

Cephalochordata

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4
Q

Which group(s) only resemble chordates during larval stage?

A

Urochordata, Tunicates

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5
Q

Which group(s), as an adult, draws in water through an incurrent siphon, filtering for food?

A

Urochordata, Tunicates

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6
Q

Which group(s), when attacked, shoots water through an excurrent siphon?

A

Urochordata, Tunicates

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7
Q

Which group(s) has fewer Hox genes than other vertebrates?

A

Urochordata, Tunicates

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8
Q

Which group do Tunicates belong to?

A

Urochordata

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9
Q

Which group(s) are jawless vertebrates?

A

Myxini/Hagfishes, Petromyzontida/Lamprey

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10
Q

Which group(s) has a cartilaginous skull, reduced vertebrae, and a flexible rod of cartilage derived from the notochord?

A

Myxini, Hagfishes

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11
Q

Which group(s) has a small brain, eyes, ears, and tooth-like formations?

A

Myxini, Hagfishes

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12
Q

Which group(s) are marine, mostly bottom-dwelling scavengers?

A

Myxini, Hagfishes

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13
Q

Which group do Hagfishes belong to?

A

Myxini

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14
Q

Which group(s) are mostly parasites that feed by clamping their mouth on a live fish?

A

Petromyzontida, Lamprey

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15
Q

Which group(s) have cartilaginous segments surrounding the notochord and arching partly over the nerve cord?

A

Petromyzontidam, Lamprey

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16
Q

Which group does the Lamprey belong to?

A

Petromyzontida

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17
Q

Which group(s) has a skeleton primarily composed of cartilage?

A

Chondrichthyes

18
Q

Which group has Sharks, Skates, and Rays?

A

Chondrichthyes

19
Q

Which group has Ratfishes and Chimeras?

A

Chondrichthyes

20
Q

Which group(s) has fins supported by long flexible rays and are modified for maneuvering, defense, and other functions?

A

Actinopterygii, Ray-Finned

21
Q

Which group has Ray-finned fish?

A

Antinopterygii

22
Q

Which group has Yellowfin tuna, lion fish, seahorse, moray eel, pollock, and hoki?

A

Actinopterygii

23
Q

Which group was thought to have gone extinct 75 million years ago, until one was caught off the coast of South Africa?

A

Actinistia, Coelacanths

24
Q

Which group has Coelacanths?

A

Actinistia

25
Which group(s) can surface to gulp air into lungs?
Dipnoi, Lungfish
26
Which group has the Lungfish?
Dipnoi
27
What is the body plan of Chordates and are they deuterostomes or proterostomes?
Bilateral, Deuterostomes
28
What are the four derived traits of Chordates?
Notochord; Dorsal, hollow nerve cord; Pharyngeal slits or clefts; Muscular, post-anal tail
29
What is a Notochord?
Longitudinal, flexible rod that provides skeletal support
30
What does the Dorsal, hollow nerve cord develop into in some chordates?
the central nervous system
31
What are Pharyngeal slits or clefts?
Clefts develop into slits that function in suspension-feeding, gas exchange, or form parts of the ear/head/neck
32
What are the two groups of invertebrate chordates?
Cephalochordates and Urochordates | Lancelets and tunicates
33
What is the clade of gnathostomes with a body endoskeleton, includes bony fish and tetrapods
Osteichtyans
34
What clade includes both Hagfishes and Lampreys?
Cyclostomes
35
What clade describes vertebrates with jaws?
Gnathostomes
36
What is special about fish? (innovations and special organs)
Jaws evolved from modification of skeletal rods that supported the gill slits Lateral line system sensitive to vibrations Operculum protects the gills Swim bladder is filled with air to control buoyancy
37
What are some human uses of hagfish?
Meat used in Korea Skin used for eelskin products Possible medical use in surgery
38
Describe the reproduction of sea lampreys and some current methods to fight them.
Reproduce in streams, larvae burrow in the floor, migrate towards lakes and enter parasitic stage TFM in streams to attack larvae in streams, bailicide in the larger streams, sterilize male lampreys, barriers with direct current electricity, synthetic pheromones
39
What is special about sharks? Include the terms spiral valve and cloaca.
Streamlined body, swift swimmers, largest are suspension feeders, most are carnivores, short digestive tract with a spiral valve, acute senses including sight and smell, have the ability to detect electrical fields from nearby animals, Reproductive tract, excretory system, and digestive tract empty into a common cloaca
40
Describe the three methods of shark reproduction.
Oviparous: Eggs hatch outside of mother’s body (egg birth) Ovoviviparous: Embryo develops in uterus, nourished by egg yolk (egg, live birth) Viviparous: Embryo develops in uterus, nourished by yolk sac placenta from the mother’s blood (Humans, live birth w/o egg)