Chapter 29, Nonvascular Plants and Seedless Vascular Plants

Question 1

Liverworts -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 1

Hepatophyta

Question 2

Spike mosses -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 2

Lycophyta

Question 3

True mosses -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 3

Bryophyta

Question 4

Ferns- match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 4

Monilophyta

Question 5

Spores have high oil content, flammable - match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 5

Lycophyta

Question 6

Whisk ferns -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 6

Monilophyta

Question 7

Hornworts -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 7

Anthocerophyta

Question 8

Horsetail ferns -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 8

Monilophyta

Question 9

Seedless vascular plants -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 9

Monilophyta, Lycophyta

Question 10

Seedless nonvascular plants -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 10

Anthocerophyta, Bryophyta, Hepatophyta

Question 11

Plant group that have microphylls -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 11

Lycophyta

Question 12

Plants with small heart-shaped gametophyte -match with the Phylum(s)

Answer 12

Monilophyta

Question 13

What were the dominant plants that grew to great heights during the Carboniferous (300-350 million years ago)?

Answer 13

Lycophytes

Question 14

How did the growth of lycophytes affect the CO2 levels of the atmosphere?

Answer 14

Decreased the CO2 levels

Question 15

The decaying plants of the Carboniferous forests eventually became what?

Answer 15

Coal

Question 16

Is a sporophyte haploid or diploid?

Answer 16

Diploid

Question 17

Is a spore haploid or diploid?

Answer 17

Haploid

Question 18

Is a gametophyte haploid or diploid?

Answer 18

Haploid

Question 19

Is a zygote haploid or diploid?

Answer 19

Diploid

Question 20

Identify as true or false, if false, explain why. “Charophytes are embryophytes”

Answer 20

False (plants are embryophytes, charophytes are not)

Question 21

Identify as true or false, if false, explain why. “Plants produce two types of reproductive cells; spores and gametes”

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Identify as true or false, if false, explain why. “In ferns, Meiosis results in the formation of egg and sperm cells”

Answer 22

False (Meiosis makes haploid spores out of a diploid sporophyte)

Question 23

Identify as true or false, if false, explain why. “Plant sporophytes grow from haploid, multicellular bodies”

Answer 23

False (Sporophytes are diploid)

Question 24

Identify as true or false, if false, explain why. “Bryophyte gametophytes are nutritionally dependent on the sporophyte generation”

Answer 24

False (Other way around. The sporophyte generation is nutritionally dependent on the bryophyte gametophytes)

Question 25

How do bryophytes differ from the seedless vascular plants? How are they similar?

Answer 25

Bryophytes are homosporous while vascular plants are heterosporous. They both are embryophytes that have an alternation of generations. Bryophytes are nonvascular, and have a dominant gametophyte generation. Both are seedless. Bryophyte sporophytes grow out of archegonia. They both have stomata. They both need water to reproduce. Seedless vascular plants have true roots and leaves. (We don't need ALL of this)

Question 26

In the life cycle of the typical moss plant- Female gametophytes produce eggs in the ___________

Answer 26

Female gametophytes produce eggs in the archegonium.

Question 27

In the life cycle of the typical moss plant- Male gametophytes produce sperm in _____________

Answer 27

Male gametophytes produce sperm in antheridium.

Question 28

In the life cycle of the typical moss plant- Sperm __________ through the damp environment to fertilize the egg

Answer 28

Sperm swims through the damp environment to fertilize the egg.

Question 29

In the life cycle of the typical moss plant- The zygote remains in the archegonium and grows into the _________, still attached to the female gametophyte

Answer 29

The zygote remains in the archegonium and grows into the sporophyte, still attached to the female gametophyte.

Question 30

In the life cycle of the typical moss plant- Spores are formed by the process of _________ in the ______________.

Answer 30

Spores are formed by the process of meiosis in the sporangium.

Question 31

In the life cycle of the typical moss plant- When shed, spores develop into the _____________.

Answer 31

When shed, spores develop into the gametophyte.

Question 32

The gametophyte produces ___________ by __________

Answer 32

The gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis

Question 33

Following fertilization, the _______ divides by _________ to develop into the ___________

Answer 33

Following fertilization, the zygote divides by mitosis to develop into the sporophyte

Question 34

The sporophyte produces ___________ by ________

Answer 34

The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis

Question 35

The spores germinate and develop into the ____________

Answer 35

The spores germinate and develop into the gametophyte

Question 36

What 5 key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes?

Answer 36

``` Apical meristems Multicellular, dependent embryo Multicellular gametangia Walled spores produced in sporangia Alternation of generations ```

Question 37

Define Sporopollenin

Answer 37

A layer of durable polymer that prevents zygotes from drying out in plants

Question 38

Define Embryophytes

Answer 38

Plants like land plants in which the embryo depends on the parent

Question 39

Define Cuticle

Answer 39

a waxy covering of the epidermis (water loss and predation)

Question 40

Define Stomata

Answer 40

specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the air and the plant

Question 41

Define Seed

Answer 41

an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Question 42

Define Gymnosperms

Answer 42

‘naked seed’ plants, include the conifers

Question 43

Define Angiosperms

Answer 43

flowering plants

Question 44

Define Homosporous

Answer 44

Producing one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte

Question 45

Define Heterosporous

Answer 45

Produce megaspores (female) and microspores (male)

Question 46

Name the closest relatives of land plants

Answer 46

Charophytes, green algae

Question 47

What three traits do land plants have in common with their sister taxa?

Answer 47

Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins, flagellated sperm, formation of a phragmoplast

Question 48

When was the origin of land plants?

Answer 48

500 MYA (cambrian period)

Question 49

What are some differences and similarites between vascular and nonvascular plants?

Answer 49

Nonvascular are small and gametophyte dominant, have a rhizoid instead of a root Both have alternation of generation and other plant traits, both are tided to water (at least in seedless)

Question 50

Why are mosses important?

Answer 50

Nitrogen retention, sphagnum used as fuel, tollund man, carbon reserve

Question 51

Describe the origin of the first vascular plants (and time)

Answer 51

Evolved from common ancestor to bryophytes, better adapted to land, about 225 MYA

Question 52

What are the key features of vascular plants?

Answer 52

True roots and leaves, most seedless ones are homosporous, dominant sporophytes, independent gametophytes

Question 53

Why are seedless vascular plants important?

Answer 53

First forests, contributed to global cooling, formed coal