Ecdysozoa and Echinodermata Flashcards
Describe the symmetry and level of organization of nematoda
Bilateral, organ system level
Describe the digestive system of nematoda, including complete/incomplete and type of coelom
Complete, pseudo
What clades make up Ecdysozoa?
Nematoda and Arthropoda
Describe the musculature and type of circulatory system of nematoda
Muscles are all longitudinal, contracting produces thrashing
lack circulatory systems
What is the defining trait of Ecdysozoa?
All Ecdysozoans have a cuticle that is shed through ecdysis
How is Trichinella spiralis spread?
undercooked pork
How is hookworm spread?
leave dirt and enter feet
How are pinworms spread?
through contact (eggs are swallowed), cause itching around anus (where the eggs are laid)
How are horsetail worms spread?
cause the insects they infect to head to sources of water
How are heartworms spread?
transmitted by mosquitoes and treated by arsenic
Describe the digestive system of arthropoda. Include complete/incomplete and coelom type.
Complete with coelom
Describe the symmetry and level of organization of arthropods.
Bilateral, organ system
Describe the circulatory system of arthropds.
Open
What innovations did the arthropods make?
Complex eyes, segmented bodies with jointed appendages
What are the three clades in arthropoda?
Chelicerata, myriapoda, and pancrustacea
What defines the chelicerata clade?
Chelicerae are clawlike feeding appendages
What are some members of the chelicerata clade?
Sea spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders (and horseshoe crabs)
Describe the use of horseshoe crabs in medicine
The blood of horseshoe crabs is collected for the amoebocytes, that detect endotoxins in medical applications
What are the members of the myriapoda clade? What defines each one?
Millipedes- eat decaying leaves and plant matter, two pairs of legs per truck segment
Centipedes- carnivores, one pair of legs per truck segment, poison claws
What are some members of the Pancrustacea clade?
Lobsters, crayfish, crabs, barnacles, and insects
and Daphnia
What are Daphnia?
Daphnia are small planktonic crustaceans called water fleas
Give three reasons why insects are so numerous and successful
Flight allows them to escape predators, find food, and disperse to new habitats
Evolved many types of appendages
Coevolved with flowering plants
Describe incomplete metamorphosis
Incomplete metamorphosis: young (nymphs) resemble adults, but are smaller and go through a series of molts
Describe complete metamorphosis
Complete metamorphosis: young go through larval stages that look entirely different from the adult stage
Describe the symmetry and level of organization of echinodermata
Radial five-part symmetry as adults
Organ system
Describe the digestive system of echinodermata. Include complete/incomplete and type of coelom
Usually complete gut with coelom
Describe the habitat and reproduction of echinodermata
All aquatic/marine
Males and females usually separate, sexual reproduction is external
Describe the skeleton and water vascular system of echinodermata
Epidermis covers endoskeleton of hard CaCO3 plates
Water vascular system -> network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding
What five groups make up echinodermata?
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, and Holothuroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Distinct central disk with radiating arms
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Five rows of tube feet, no arms, have skeleton
Echinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Lack spines, reduced endoskeleton, five rows of tube feet
Holothuroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea?
Sea Lilies and Feather Stars
Crinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Feed on bivalves by prying with tube feed and externally digesting them
Asteroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Spines for protection and locomotion
Echinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Can be suspension feeders or predators/savengers
Ophiuroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea?
Brittle Stars
Ophiuroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Graze with a jaw-like structure on their underside
Echinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea?
Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
Echinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Mainly suspension feeders
Crinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Mainly scavengers and carnivores
Asteroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea?
Sea Stars and Sea Daisies
Asteroidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Attach to substrate with stalk
Crinoidea
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, or Holothuroidea? (may be more than one)
Filter through sand
Holothuroidea
