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Z - BioSci 1223 (S&T) > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the Phylum Porifera; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Lack true tissues; have choanocytes (collar cells–flagellated cells that ingest bacteria and tiny food particles)
(sponges)
Basal group of the clade Metazoa

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2
Q

Describe the Phylum Cnidaria; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Unique stinging structures (nematocytes) housed in specialized cells (cnidocytes); diploblastic; radially symmetrical; gastrovascular cavity (digestive compartment with a single opening)
(hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals)
Oldest member of the clade Eumetazoa (tissued animals)

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3
Q

Describe the Phylum Platyhelminthes; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Dorsoventrally flattened acoelomates; gastrovascular cavity or no digestive tract
(flatworms)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Lophotrochozoa

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4
Q

Describe the Phylum Rotifera; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Pseudocoelomates with alimentary canal (digestive tube with mouth and anus); jaws (trophi); head with ciliated crown
(rotifers)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Lophotrochozoa

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5
Q

Describe the Phylum Lophophorates; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Coelomates with lophophores (feeding structures bearing ciliated tentacles)
(Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Lophotrochozoa

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6
Q

Describe the Phylum Mollusca; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Coelomates with three main body parts (muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle); coelom reduced; most have hard shell made of calcium carbonate
(clams, snails, squids)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Lophotrochozoa

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7
Q

Describe the Phylum Annelida; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Coelomates with segmented body wall and internal organs (except digestive tract, which is unsegmented)
(segmented worms)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Lophotrochozoa

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8
Q

Describe the Phylum Nematoda; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Cylindrical pseudocoelomates with tapered ends; no circulatory system; undergo ecdysis (shedding)
(roundworms)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Ecdysozoa

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9
Q

Describe the Phylum Arthropoda; give the clade and the members of the phylum

A

Coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, and exoskeleton made of protein and chitin
(spiders, centipedes, crustaceans, and insects)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Ecdysozoa

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10
Q

Describe the Phylum Echinodermata; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Coelomates with bilaterally symmetrical larvae and five-part body organization as adults; unique water vascular system; endoskeleton
(sea stars, sea urchins)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Deuterostomia

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11
Q

Describe the Phylum Chordata; give the clade and members of the phylum

A

Coelomates with notochord; dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; post-anal tail
(lancelets, tunicates, vertebrates)
Part of the Bilaterian clade Deuterostomia

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12
Q

What are the six phyla that make up the Lophotrochozoa clade?

A

Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, and Annelida

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13
Q

Describe the symmetry of platyhelminthes

A

bilateral with a distinct heat/tail and stereo senses

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14
Q

Describe any interesting developments the platyhelminthes made

A

developed a centralized nervous system

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15
Q

Describe the habitats of platyhelminthes

A

marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial

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16
Q

Describe the tissues and body plan of platyhelminthes

A

triploblastic development, acoelomates

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17
Q

What characteristic are platyhelminthes named after? What advantage does this give?

A

Flattened shape-> aids in gas exchange and removes the need for a circulatory system

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18
Q

Describe the protonephridia of platyhelminthes

A

organs that regulate the osmotic balance

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19
Q

Describe the digestive system of platyhelminthes

A

Gastrovascular cavity with one opening, acoelomates

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20
Q

What are the four classes of platyhelminthes?

A

Monogenea, turbellaria, trematodes, cestoidea

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21
Q

What defines the Class Monogenea?

A

flatworms that are parasitic on fish gills

22
Q

What defines the Class Turbellaria?

A

free-living flatworms

23
Q

Name the class and describe the senses, nervous system, and reproduction of planarians

A

Class Turbellaria
Have light-sensitive eyespots and centralized nerve nets
Are hermaphrodites that can reproduce sexually or asexually (fission)

24
Q

What are the members of the Class Trematodes called?

A

flukes

25
Q

Describe the life cycle of schistosoma and name its class

A

Schistosoma releases its ciliated larva through the urine or feces of its infected human host, reproduces asexually in its snail intermediate host, leaves as a motile larva, and burrows into the skin of a human and travels to the blood vessels of the large intestine, small intestine, or bladder

Class Trematodes

26
Q

Describe ‘swimmer’s itch’ and name the class of the organism that causes it

A

Swimmer’s itch is caused by a fish-eating-bird fluke that burrows into humans, but is repelled (hence the rash)

class trematodes

27
Q

What are the members of the Class Cestoidea called?

A

Tapeworms

28
Q

What are some of the innovations of the Class Cestoidea?

A

Lack a digestive system
Have hooks and/or sukers on their scolex
Self-fertilize to produce a chain of proglottids that will release fertilized eggs into the host’s digestive system

29
Q

Describe the level of organization, digestive system, body plan, and general reproduction of rotifers

A

Specialized organ systems
Alimentary canal, mouth and anus (complete digestive system)
Pseudocoelomates
Reproduce by parthenogenesis

30
Q

Of all the groups we study, which are acoelomates or pseudocoelomates?

A

A- flatworms

P- rotifers and roundworms

31
Q

Describe the ectoprocts

A

Sessile colonial animals that resemble plants

Hard exoskeleton encases the colony, some species are reef builders

32
Q

Describe the brachiopods. What group do they most closely resemble? How are they different?

A

Resemble clams, two halves are dorsal and ventral rather than lateral
Marine, attach to the seafloor by a stalk

33
Q

Describe the general appearance and body organization of the clade Mollusca

A 
Soft-bodied, most are protected by shells
Have foot (mobility and food), visceral mass (house organs) , and mantle (secrete shell)
34
Q

Describe the radula of the mollusca clade

A

rasplike organs used in feeding

35
Q

What four classes make up the Mollusca clade?

A

Polyplacophora, gastropoda, bivalvia, and cephalopoda

36
Q

Give the name and general description of the organisms in the class polyplacophora

A

chitons

Oval-shaped marine animals encased in an armor of 8 dorsal plates

37
Q

What are some members of the class gastropoda?

A

Snails, slugs, nudibranches

38
Q

What are three characteristics of the class gastropoda (movement, shell, feeding)?

A

Move by rippling foot/cilia
Most have a single, spiral shell
Most are herbivores

39
Q

What are some members of the class bivalvia?

A

clams, mussels, oysters, scallops

40
Q

Describe the habitat, shell, and feeding style of the class bivalia

A

Aquatic
Shell divided into 2 halves drawn together by adductor muscles
Mantle contains gills for feeding and gas exchange

41
Q

What are some members of the class cephalopoda?

A

Octopus, squid, and nautilus

42
Q

What are the two special things about the class cephalopoda?

A

closed circulatory system, only nautilus is shelled

43
Q

Describe the general member of the class cephalopoda

A

Carnivores with beak-like jaws surrounded by tentacles of foot

44
Q

Describe the life cycle of the mussels native to MO

A

Fertilization occurs within female
Trochophore larvae matures to veliger, a specialized kind of which (a glochidium) are released on to fish gills or fins (after luring with fake fish)
Develop there for days to weeks, then metamorphose into juveniles and fall to stream bottom

45
Q

Give a few causes for the endangerment of the mussels native to MO

A 
Button industry
Habitat loss and fragmentation
Dams and channelization
Pollution and sedimentation
Non-native species -> zebra mussel, Asiatic clam
Loss of symbiotic fish species
46
Q

Describe the innovations the annelids made in terms of organ systems, musculature, and ‘skeleton’

A

Closed circulatory system, complete digestive system, hydro-static skeleton, circular and longitudinal muscles

47
Q

Describe the unique characteristics annelids have (symmetry, body organization, and structures)

A

segmented, bilateral symmetry, setae are bristles that aid in movement

48
Q

Give an example of the benefits of the Class Oligochaeta

A

Earthworms eat through soil, passing it through their complete digestive system

49
Q

Name some of the members of the Class Polychaeta

A

sandworms, lugworms, clam worms

50
Q

What are the three classes that make up annelids?

A

Oligochaeta, polychaeta, hirundinea

51
Q

What is the name for the members of class hirundinea?

A

Leeches

52
Q

Give a few examples of the use of leeches in medicine

A

Secrete pain-killers and hirudin (anticoagulant) - research

Remove pooled blood
Help with reattached appendages
Help with reconstructive surgery

Z - BioSci 1223 (S&T) (16 decks)

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